The wokuEngland, uyo nheyo antiseptics. History antiseptics

Tinowanzonzwa zvokurapa rokuti "akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona". A yakawanda navo chemishonga, uye vari kudiwa. Asi chii? Sei anoshanda? Chii inoitwa? Uye ndiani munhu uyo nyika inotumidzwa zvisikwa zvayo? Munyaya ino tichakurukura kuti zvinodhaka izvi zvaiva, zvavari uye nei vari kudiwa.

antiseptics

Pane rose hurongwa zviyero kuti kuparadzwa ronda, nyama uye nhengo, uye mumuviri womunhu vakawanda kunokuvadza tusingaoneki anogona kukonzera kuzvimba nzvimbo. hurongwa kwakadaro anonzi akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "kuorera mazviri". Izwi yakatanga sezvaari nomumwe kuBritain chiremba D. Pingle muna 1750. Zvisinei, Pingle - kwete wokuEngland, uyo nheyo antiseptics, izvo ungati. Iye chete akatsanangura disinfecting mugumisiro Quinine, uye akatanga nesu kuti yaizivikanwa.

Nechekare nezita rimwe unogona kunzwisisa kwomudzimu mari idzi. Saka antiseptics - zvinodhaka kuti vari maronda-siyana dzomuviri uye nhengo kudzivirira ropa chepfu. Mumwe nemumwe wedu ajaira kubva pauduku pamwe zvikuru nyore vavo - ndiko ayodhini uye penya mitema. Uye mukuru, kushandiswa kare panguva Hippocrates, vaiva vhiniga uye doro. Kakawanda, pfungwa "akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona" yakavhiringidzika nomumwe rokuti - ". Disinfectant" Antiseptics vane chakarondedzera chiito, sezvo vanosanganisira vose disinfecting nevasori, kusanganisira mishonga yokuuraya utachiona.

mishonga yemakwenzi

Pane here chinonzi dzinongoitika akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona. Zvinoita, sezvo zita rinoreva, imwe pfuma isina zvakasikwa murume uye chisikigo pachacho. Muenzaniso - muto zvinomera akadai Aloe kana anobatsira chikosoro hanyanisi negariki.

antiseptics dzakawanda dzine kubva dzinongoitika zvinhu. Uyu yemakwenzi yakasiyana teas, izvo zvinosanganisira sana St. vaJohani, yarrow kana somuzivi. Izvi zvinosanganisira haana kuzivikanwa tara sipo, yakaitwa pahwaro Birch tara uye tincture "Evkalimin", inova mushoma kuti Eucalyptus.

Chinokosha madambu of Medicine

The kwaita antiseptics iri kuvhiyiwa pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uyewo mamwe zvinowanikwa nesayenzi (yokutindivadza, kuwanikwa mapoka ropa) akauya nzvimbo iyi mushonga ndamboita. Kusvikira panguva iyi dzakawanda vanachiremba vakatya kuenda ngozi kushandiswa, dzakanga akateverwa hwomukova muviri womunhu munyama. Ndivo chokupedzisira apo hapana chimwezve pasisina. Hazvishamisi, sezvo nhamba yakanga mwoyo. Vanenge zana muzana varwere vose vanofa patafura uchishandisa. Uye mhaka kutapukirwa zvose zvaiva zvomusejari.

Saka, muna 1874, Purofesa Erickson akati kuti vanachiremba vanovhiya kucharamba dzisingambosvikiki nhengo dzomuviri dzakadai abdominal uye cranial mhango uye thorax. Chete kuonekwa antiseptics kuchigadzira.

kutanga matanho

History antiseptics akatanga kare. inogona kuwanika panotaurwa zvavo kushandisa muzvakanyorwa n'anga vekuIjipiti uye Greek yekare. Zvisinei, hapana chikonzero masayendisiti haana asi kuvapo. Chete kubva pezana-namapfumbamwe remakore akazova akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona zvinechinangwa uye zvine musoro kushandiswa senzira fuma kuti anogona kutadzisa chirongwa kuora.

Nepo vanachiremba vakaita kushandiswa zhinji akabudirira. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvakakomba kuramba simuka pakurapa maronda. Kunyange akavhiyiwa nyore kunogona kuurayisa. Kana kutarira nhamba, ose murwere wechitanhatu akafa pashure kana pakuvhiya.

empirical kutanga

Base antiseptics vakaisa Hungarian obstetrician Ignats Zemmelveys - Purofesa of Budapest Medical University. Mumakore 1846-1849 akazoshanda Obstetrics kiriniki ainzi Klein, iri muVienna. Ikoko akavhomora hanya vatorwa rufu nhamba. The dhipatimendi, izvo akabvumira vadzidzi vakafa zvinopfuura 30% yevakadzi mukubereka, uye munzvimbo umo vadzidzi havana kuenda, kuti kubva muzana yakanga yakaderera zvikuru. Pashure kutsvakurudza, akaona kuti mhosva puerperal nefivhiri, chinouraya murwere, maoko evadzidzi, uyo asati asapinda obstetric dhipatimendi mubasa cadaver dissections tsvina. Muchiitiko chino, Dr. Ignats Zemmelveys panguva havana kunyange kuziva utachiona uye avo muchinangwa kuora. Kuva akaita Zvakawanikwa izvozvo, akatanga nzira vadzivirirwe - vanachiremba asati avhiyiwa vaifanira kugeza maoko avo ane mhinduro mishonga. Uye zvakashanda: kuitika rufu muna maternity wadhi mugore 1847 yairema 1-3 chete%. Yakanga maturo. Zvisinei, munguva upenyu Professor Ignatsa Zemmelveysa akarizarurirwa uye vasina vakagamuchirwa nyanzvi huru Western Europe mumunda Gynecology uye Obstetrics.

The wokuEngland, uyo nheyo antiseptics

Nesayenzi dzatinogona pfungwa antiseptics chete vakava zvichibvira pashure racho mabasa Dr. Louis Pasteur. Ndiye muna 1863 kwakaratidza kuti dzinotsanagura putrefaction uye chinovira muri tusingaoneki.

Nokuti Kuvhiya munzvimbo ino yava chinovheneka Dzhozef Lister. Muna 1865, akatanga ati: "Hapana asina decontaminated, havafaniri kubata ronda." It Lister afunga sei kushandisa makemikari nzira dzokugadzirisa ronda hweHIV. Akakurukura akakurumbira bhandeji zvakakangwa mu carbolic acid. Panzira, muna 1670, asidhi ichi sezvo decontamination mumiririri akashandisa mishonga Lemaire kubva kuFrance.

The muzvinadzidzo vakagumisa kuti chinoda kugadziriswa maronda imhaka yokuti utachiona izvi kuwana. Akatanga kupa hwaro nesayenzi kuti Chiitiko pamusoro kuvhiya noutachiona, uye vakwira aungazviita nayo. Saka, George. Lister pakuzivikanwa munyika sezvo wokuEngland, uyo nheyo antiseptics.

Lister kuti nzira

J .. Lister tega nzira yavo kudzivirira utachiona. Chaiva zvinotevera. Huru akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona yakanga carbolic asidhi (2-5% aqueous, jikichira kana zvinwiwa mhinduro). Achibatsirwa zvinogadzirisa kuti kubvisa tupukanana vari ronda pacharo, uyewo kubata zvachose naye nyaya. Saka, vanachiremba vanovhiya azora maoko, Kucheka Tools, dressings uye sutures, zvose uchishandisa nzvimbo. Lister zvakare akataura ari suture kushandisa akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona catgut, akanga pfuma nyunguduka. Lister akaisa zvikuru mumhepo iri kuvhiya mukamuri. Akafunga kuti akanga zvakananga rine utachiona. Naizvozvo, kamuri zvakare kurapwa ane carboxylic asidhi uchishandisa chaiyo pfapfaidzo.

Pashure pokuvhiyiwa ronda rakange sutured akafukidza bhandeji zvinosanganisira anoverengeka akaturikidzana. Izvi aivawo Lister kuvamba. The bhandeji haana kupfuura mhepo, chigadziko layer zvinosanganisira sirika, akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya shanu muzana carbolic acid, rakasanganiswa anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi fuma. Uyezve zvavakatemerwa sere akaturikidzana akaitira rosin, Paraffin uye carbolic acid. Zvino vose mafuta jira akafukidza mabhandeji bhandeji rakachena akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya carbolic acid.

With nzira iyi nhamba kufa panguva remapazi ungaderedza yekudyidzana. Lister Nyaya ndichizivisa sei kuti zvakanaka kurapa uye disinfect mitswe uye maronda, yakabudiswa muna 1867. Iye akashandura yose. Raiva budiriro chaiye sayenzi uye zvokurapa. Zvino munyori hwava munyika yose sechinhu wokuEngland, uyo nheyo antiseptics.

Vashori

Lister nzira ava zvinowanzoshandiswa uye akawana kuwanda vatsigiri. Zvisinei, paiva vaya vasingabvumirani ake mhedziso. Vashori Most vakati kusarudzwa Lister carbolic asidhi - kwete yakakodzera disinfection akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona. The Zvinoumba svikiro iri rine zvinhu kuti nhaka simba irritant kushanda. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara sezvo zvinyama murwere uye maoko chiremba wacho. Uyezve, carbolic asidhi nhaka chepfu ehupfumi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anozivikanwa Russian chiremba Nikolai Pirogov akasvikawo pedyo zvakakwana kuti dambudziko pamberi Dzhozefa Listera. In ayo nzira kurapwa huru mishonga yokuuraya utachiona vari dhibi, camphor doro uye sirivha nitrate, izvo zvishoma chepfu pane yaida wokuEngland carbolic acid. Asi Pirogov haana kusika zvaaidzidzisa kushandiswa antiseptics, kunyange akanga pedyo chaizvo.

Aseptic pamusoro antiseptics

Kwapera nguva yambokurukurwa nzira itsva pakubata kuvhiya chirwere - aseptic. Akavata pakuti haana disinfect ronda pakarepo uye usagunzva utachiona. Nzira iyi yakanga yakawanda zvinyoronyoro kufananidzwa akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, vanachiremba vakawanda akadana kuti kusiyiwa kuti Lister kukura zvakakwana. Zvisinei, upenyu sezvo nguva dzose isa zvose yazvo nenzira.

Chemistry somunhu sainzi hazvirevi mira. Kune antiseptics itsva mushonga, izvo vakatsiva chepfu carbolic acid. Vakanga ari manyoro uye anoregerera. Pakanga pari kudiwa chakasimba chokushandisa inogona decontaminated panguva yeHondo Yenyika First vapfurwa maronda. Older gadziriro septic uye akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona vaisagona kurarama zvakakomba rwarisa foci. Saka, tinosvika yakatsviriridza makemikari.

All itsva uye zvitsva kuitika

Mune thirties okupedzisira remakore, nyika ine itsva yepamusoro akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona. Zvakanga sulfanilamide mushonga chingambotadzisa kwava kukura mabhakitiriya ari mumuviri womunhu. Mapiritsi vakatorwa munyika uye kushanda mamwe mapoka zvigare.

Munguva forties, mushonga kutanga kwenyika akasikwa. With chitarisiko chake nokuda vanovhiya akazarurwa zvisingambofungiki zvachose ichi mukana. The chikuru chinoratidza mushonga unorwisa ndiwo mugumisiro vanosarudza pamusoro utachiona uye Micro-zvinenge. Zvinenge antiseptics zvose ano ndezvaJehovha boka iri. Zvaiita kuti zvakanakisisa gadziriro iri havangagoni kuva. Zvisinei, gare gare Zvakazoitika kuti kunyanyisa kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya chinokonzera mhando kutapata muna tupukanana tusingaoneki, uye marwadzo harina akadzima.

A akasiyana chigadzirwa

Scientific uye kurapwa mberi hazvirevi mira. Uye nyika vakadzidza zvakadaro Pfungwa iri eighties remakore rechimakumi maviri se "Miramistin". Pakutanga akasikirwa sechinhu akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, disinfectant ganda muchadenga kunoongorora vaifamba pazvakaringana yemapurisa. Asi panguva iyoyo akabvuma kupinda kushandiswa kwakapararira.

Chii saka akasiyana? Chokutanga, mushonga yakachengeteka zvachose uye non-muchetura. Chechipiri, haina zvinopfuura mucous membranes uye ganda uye hakuna marwadzo. Chechitatu, zvinonzi zvainanga kuparadzwa guru-siyana utachiona: notumwe, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi uye majemusi. Uyezve, ayo akasiyana chepfungwa ndiwo mashandiro chiito pamusoro tupukanana. Kusiyana mishonga gadziriro chizvarwa chitsva Haibudisi mumweya tusingaoneki. Medicament "Miramistin" rinoshandiswa kwete chete pakurapa zvirwere, asiwo dziviriro yavo. Saka nhasi, nemamwe zvigadzirwa, kusikirwa kukura nzvimbo yatiinayo zvose.