Sohondinskiy reserve: mamiriro okunze, maruva nemhuka

Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa muRussia ndiyo Sohondinsky Reserve, iyo iri kuSouth Transbaikalia. Izvo zvinoshamisa kumhepo yakasiyana-siyana yemusango wenyika ino. Sohondinsky Reserve yeTrans-Baikal Territory yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza uye kudzidza zvigumo, pamwe nekuchengetedza ndima.

Zvinangwa nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedzwa

Izvo zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza ndezvi:

• Kudzivirirwa kwenharaunda kunonyanya kudiwa kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera nhamba yemhuka dzisina kujaira;
• Kudzidza nezvemhuka dzesango uye kuchengetedzwa kwe "Annals";
• Kugadziriswa kwezvakaitika zvemuganhu;
• Zvidzidzo zvehupenyu;
• Kudzidziswa kwemasayendisiti matsva uye nyanzvi mumunda wekuchengetedzwa kwezvakasikwa.

Nokuda kwekuti vazhinji vendima yacho haisi yevanhu vanobatsirika-yakasununguka, zvakasikwa zvakachengetedza kuonekwa kwayo kwepakutanga. Uhumhandara hwake uye kufadza Sohondinsky Reserve, tsanangudzo yaro haina kukweretesa kumashoko. Pano ,wo, nzizi dzakawanda dzeTransbaaliman dzinobva mumigodhi yePacific neActic Ocean.

Nhoroondo Yfupi

Inowanzotenda kuti Sohondinsky Reserve yakatangwa muna 1973. Muna 1772, Sokhondo akakwira kuSokolov. Ikoko akaunganidza michero yakawanda uye akaipfuurira kuSirasi yesayenzi. Nokuda kweizvi, zvakawanda zvekupedzisira zvikawanikwa, izvo zvinongoratidzira nzvimbo iyi chete. Pakupedzisira, iyo herbarium yakaendeswa kunodzidza kuChirungu masayendisiti. Flora yakanga inobatanidzwawo muTurchaninov, uyo akaunganidza zvigadzirwa zvakakosha. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinyorwa zvakasara pamwechete neGreat Patriotic War.

Muna 1856 GI akaenda kundodzidza mhuka pane char. Radde. Akacherechedza kuti mabhanhire matanhatu akareba akaonekwa pamunda.

Tsvakurudzo yeAlano-Kirinskaya kuora mwoyo uye nzvimbo yakakwirira yeHentei-Chikoy yakaitwa naProfesa V.I. Smirnov. Akaunganidza imwe nzvimbo yakakura yakawanda, yakazoenda kuYunivhesiti yeSt. Petersburg uye iripo kusvikira panguva yedu.

Muna 1914 chidzidzo chemaruva ane chokuita nePN. Krylov naL.P. Sergievskaya, avo vane michero yakabatana neTomsk University.

UNESCO muna 1985 inopa nzvimbo yakachengetwa "Biosphere Reserve".

Physico-geographical features

Izvi zvinosanganisira Sokhondin, Balbasni uye Sopkoyan char. Nharaunda yacho yakakura chaizvo. Gomo reSokhondinsky pachako rine marefu anenge makiromita makumi maviri, uye upamhi hwayo makiromita 14. Nharaunda yose iri panharaunda yeHentei-Chikoy Highlands. Iyi char ine mbiri mbiri: kureba kweGreat (2500.5 mamita) uye Muduku (mamita 2404). Kupfuura nepakati pezvikomo kuri pakakwirira mamita 2000. Pasi kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero chikamu chemassif ndiTsagan-Ula. Uye kumadokero, Sohondinsky Reserve inogumira pamusoro peDhemheromaltai-Ingodinskaya kudzvinyirira, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kwemvura yeropa.

Mamiriro ekunze

Mamiriro ekunze muSohondinsky Reserve yakanyanyisa continental. Zuva rakaoma uye zvishoma chando. Ivhareji yemwedzi yemwedzi inenge munaJanuary inosvika 22 ° C kusvika 28 ° C, zvichienderana nekureba. Zvisinei, pamisoro yacho inosvika 50 ° C.

Zhizha rakapfupika uye kunyange panguva iyoyo kunogona kuva nemashuzha nechando chikuru. Ichando ichichengetedzwa kusvika kune 14 ° C. Mwedzi unopisa ndiJuly. Ivhareji yegoreji yekupisa yegore inenge inenge pasi 1.9 ° С. Ivhareji yakawanda yemvura inonaya gore inowira pakutevedzwa kwe 430 mm.

Mamiriro ekumamiriro okunze akaoma kwazvo, asi vamiririri vazhinji vemafuta nemhuka vanonzwa vakanyatsonaka. Sohondinsky Reserve muRussia ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisisa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu.

Mammita

Iyo yakasiyana yeSokhondinsky Reserve inoratidzirwa nekusiyana kukuru mu ndege uye kutonhora, semugumisiro wekuti huwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemafuta nemhuka dzakasarudzwa. Pano iwe unogona kuwana mbwa, shanga, bhuruni tsvuku, squirrel, hareru, nezvimwe.

Pakati pezvikara zvinonakidza munhu anogona kuona Siberian musk deer. Ichi chikamu chiduku chisina kuvhara, chakafanana nehonya muchitarisiko. Unhu hunhu hwemuenzaniso uyu: hutete hwakatsvuka kana hunofu hwebhuruu, hunofu hwakapfava, husina huri hwamanda, varume vane fangs yakareba vanobuda pasi pemuromo wepamusoro, pamwe chete nemukati wemukati unobudisa musk. Imba ye musk deer ndiyo yakanaka yeSokhondinsky nzvimbo yekuchengetedza.

Uripi iye? Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo yacho iri kuSouth Transbaikalia. Siberia musk deer inorarama kumucheto mamita 600-900. Anokwira mhuka duku yakadaro nokukurumidza uye anokwanisa kuchinja trajectory yekutiza mundiza ne 90 °. Iyo inodyisa pasi lichens, fir mashizha nemisidhari, mabhiza uye zvimwe zvokudya zvinomera.

Panharaunda yaunogona kuwana chironga - inenge mhuka duku yehuru hwemhuri yemakuni. Muviri wake muviri unosiyana kubva pa70 kusvika ku 260 g. Ane mitsipa yakareba, musoro mutsara uye zvinyorwa zviduku. Ita mavara machena machena. Inodyisa pamakwenzi maduku, uye inosarudza kurarama iri yoga. Shanduro yemhuka duku inoratidzirwa nemvura inowanikwa kubva kune gland. Gornostai anorarama kakawanda mujeri, asi haazvikudzi iye pachake, achida kuwana dzimba dzemakonzo aakauraya. Mhuka yacho inoshingaira uye ine ropa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, inogona kurwisa munhu, pasinei nehukuru hwavo.

Zvisikwa zvinotyisa zvikuru munharaunda yezvigaro ndeye mhumhi tsvuku, iyo ndeyemhuri yembwa. Chikara chikuru uye chakareba masendimita 76-110. Kurema kunosvika 20 kg. Vane pfupa rakapfupiswa, maziso akareba uye maziso makuru akamira. Ruvara rutsvuku nemuswe mutsvuku. Anorarama mumapoka kubva kune 5 kusvika kune mumwe munhu. Zvokudya zvinosvika kumakonzo nemakwenzi maduku. Kunyange zvazvo boka guru rinogonawo kutsvaka vanhu vakuru. Vavengi havaiti utsinye. Murume akadziviswa. Nemhaka yezvinyanzwisisiro zveshoko ravanoita, vakanzi "mbira dzemakomo".

Izvo zvakanyorwa mhuka dzakasarudzwa, nhamo, yakawira muRubhuku Bhuku. I Sohondinsky Reserve ine musha kune zvinopfuura 10 mhuka dzemhuka dziri pedyo nekuguma. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nzvimbo zhinji dzenharaunda dzakavharwa kuvanhu.

Mukuwedzera kune pamusoro apa, ndinodawo kutaura gophers, marmots, jerboas uye mole rats.

Shiri

Kune mhuri dzinopfuura 125 dze shiri. Vagari vomunharaunda yematare vanomiririrwa nematende uye motley thrush, grey-headed oatmeal, mabwe ematombo grouse, buzzard, owl filbert. Munharaunda ine makomo ematafura iwe unogona kuwana chikamu chichena, bhiza regomo, dhiyabhorosi, chinyorwa cheSiberia, pika, nezvimwewo. Pedyo nemakungwa emasango kune shiri dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakati pavo, grey grey, gorosi gorosi, ganda rakasvibiswa, ruvara rutsvuku, bhuru rutsvuku, bundu , nevamwe.

Hove

Taimen anorarama muhova uye mumvura inoyerera-mvura. Mugungwa hazvibudi. Pamusana pekukosha kwekutengeserana kwepamusoro, kwaiva nevamwe vanhu, nekuda kwekuti vakanyorwa muRubhuku Rwenyika. Taimen ndiyo mhando yakakura yemhuri yekalmon. Iyo yakareba inogona kusvika kusvika mamita 2, uye inorema kusvika ku 90 kg. Inenge maawa anenge zviuru makumi maviri panguva.

Imwe chete inogara mvura yakachena ndiyo burbot. Mutumbi kwenguva yakareba, kumativi ose, nemativi akamanikidzwa pamakona. Ruvara rine ruvara rwevhu uye rinochinja nezera. Inowedzera kushanda sezvo kutonhora kuderera.

Uyewo munharaunda imomo kune Siberian grayling, rotan kana musoro, Amur pike uye minnow.

Zvirimwa

Iyo miti inoshambadza uye inomiririrwa nepamusoro-gomo tundra, masango maduku-mashizha, mashizha nemakomo-pine. 923 vamiririri vezvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvakanyorwa. Mune marudzi anopfuura 71 emiti uye fungwi iri munzvimbo inochengeterwa. Kutenda kumiti yakadaro, yakadai sehove yezvinyunyuti, gentian inotonhora, guru-maruva serpentine, rhodiolum uye rhodiolus ina-pronged, iyo-branched rhododendron, nzvimbo inova yakanaka chaizvo.

Gymnosperms inomiririrwa neSiberia pine, stedar stlant, firsi yeSiberia, kapu-juniper uye spruce yeSiberia. Munharaunda iri pedyo nemasango emiti yakabatana - irorch Gmelin (Daurian) neSiberia.

Zvinokambaira nemvura yakachena

Izvi zvikamu zvemhuka hazvina zvakawanda. Sokhondinsky Reserve - iyo imba yesorkork yakarongeka, inowanzochengetedza-moss, ghaz, gumbo rinowanzogarisa uye viviparous. Izvo zvinokambaira zvakatangira midzi iyi inochengetwa nekuda kwekugadzirisa kune mamiriro ekunze akapiwa.

Vamiririri vemhuka dzakachena vangave vashoma. Kunyangwe kune zvitubu uye kune zvakawanda zvavo, zvisinei, zvakasiyana-siyana zvechikwata chezvikara hazvibatsiri. Pano pane maEngeri chete, Siberian uye akarova-vakataura matatya. Izvi zvitatu zvakapera.

Nzira yekuti uende kunzvimbo yakachengetwa?

Mutashanyi asina kumboshanyira Sokhondinsky Reserve, zvirokwazvo, haazive kuti angasvika seiko. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi mune nzira dzekushanyira dzakakosha. Kutanga kuripo mumusha weKyra. Kureba kwemigwagwa kunoenderana nehuwandu uye nzvimbo dzakashanyira: kubva pa3 km kusvika ku 80 km. Mafambi makuru anogona kutora vhiki.

Nzira inonyanyozivikanwa inonzi "Nzira yePallas". Anonyatsodzokorora nzira yemunhu akawana Sokolov. Iyi nzira inoda mazuva mazhinji, uye kureba kwayo makiromita makumi manomwe. Inotanga nemaodzanyemba eSochondo char mumakomo. Munguva ino, vafambi vanogona kutarisa kushanduka kwemakomo ekumakomo uye ukuru hwekusiyana kwemaruva nemhuka.

Vatashanyi vanoda chaizvo nzira ino kuenda kuSohondinsky Reserve yeTrans-Baikal Territory. Mifananidzo uye mifananidzo yezvinzvimbo izvi zvinongotyisa mumusara uye zvakasiyana. Migwagwa yevashanyi - iyi inongova chikamu chiduku chenharaunda yose yekuchengetedzwa. Kunewo nzvimbo iyo kuwanika kunorambidzwa. Ichi chikamu chenguva yekuchengetedza, semhuka dzisina kuwanda dzikava shoma shoma, uye kuchengetedza ivo ndevamwe basa.

Kana pane chido chekushanyira nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzine mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemhuka nemiti, ipapo kuenda kune Sohondinsky Reserve ndiyo nzira yakanaka. Hapana munhu anogona kuramba asina hanya nemhando yakadaro.