Chii pakati Pasi?

Murume akakwanisa kupinda pamakona ose redu. Akakunda nyika, kubhururuka mumhepo uye kuuya pasi pasi munyanza. Akanga kunyange kuwana muchadenga uye nyika mwedzi. Asi hapana akakwanisa kuenda chinoumba redu.

Mysteries zvenyika

Tinogona kunyange kuwana pedyo. The nzvimbo yedu iri chinhambwe 6000 makiromita pachiso, uye kunyange chokunze chikamu chinoumba ndiyo 3000 makiromita kuvatumwa vapenyu murume. Gobvu raakachera akambokwanisa kuti munhu riri munharaunda Russia, asi ichidzika vamwe 12.3 makiromita.

zviitiko zvose munyika uyewo kuitika pedyo pemvura. Nemabota kuti erupting rinoputika, anouya imvura ezvinhu ari kudzika anoverengeka zana makiromita. Kunyange ngoda, nokuti paumbwe zvinofanira kupisa uye kumanikidzwa, vari aumba pamusangano kudzika 500 makiromita.

Zvose zviri nechepasi, iri yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Uye zvinoita isinganzwisisiki. Asi tinoziva zvinoshamisa vazhinji pasi core. Masayendisiti kunyange vamwe pfungwa sei zvakaitika inotungamirwa mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Uye zvose izvi pasina chaiko chiratidzazvizhinji. Asi sei yakawanikwa?

Earth uremu

Nzira yakanaka - ndiko kufunga pamusoro uremu, unova Earth. Tinogona kufungidzira vakawanda redu nokucherechedza rawo rinokweva rokuchinja zvinhu zviri panyika. Zvakaratidza kuti uremu Pasi ndiro 5,9 sextillion matani. nhamba iyi 59 achiteverwa nemazero 20. Uye hapana chinoratidza kuti panyika pane chinhu saka akakura.

The arambe achirema of zvinhu pamusoro pepasi dererei zvikuru kupfuura avhareji arambe achirema panyika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukati chiri chinhu chine yakakwirira zvikuru arambe achirema.

Uyezve, vakawanda vakawanda paNyika inofanira riri kurutivi pakati kwayo. Naizvozvo, danho rinotevera kuti vazvionere voga chii inorema nesimbi kuumba paro.

Zvinoumba Earth moyo

Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti chinoumba Pasi riri zvinenge zvirokwazvo rinoumbwa simbi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti uwandu 80%, kunyange chaiwo mufananidzo achiri nyaya kukurukura.

The chikuru hweizvi - guru yakawanda simbi iri muchadenga. Uyu ndiwo mumwe gumi zvikuru zhinji zvinhu muboka redu renyeredzi, uye kazhinji kuwanikwa meteorites. Akapiwa mari iyi dzaro, simbi iri panyika iri vashoma zvikuru pane kuti munenge. Naizvozvo, pane dzidziso kuti kana paiva basa inotungamirwa Nyika makore mabhiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura, vakawanda simbi yakanga Zvinoumba musimboti.

Ndokusaka chinoumba Nde chikamu vazhinji panyika, uye vakawanda simbi iri uyewo mairi. Iron munhu hwakanaka gobvu Kufananidzira muropa kwatiri, uye pasi rinorema kumanikidzwa pakati Pasi, ane dzemhando yepamusoro arambe achirema. Naizvozvo, muchoto chinoumba achava chikonzero ichi zvose asingadi kubata pechiso vakawanda. Asi mubvunzo unomuka. Sei kuti vazhinji simbi iri kusimbiswa musimboti?

Zvakavanzika vanoumba pasi chinoumba

Iron wakanga wachinjwa chaizvoizvo gravitate kusvika pakati Pasi. Uye hakusi pakarepo zvinogoneka kunzwisisa sei zvakaitika.

Vazhinji dzasara guru Pasi rinoumbwa pamatombo, akadana silicates, uye yakaumbwa nesimbi iri kuedza kuenda kuburikidza navo. Saizvozvowo, sezvo mvura anokwanisa nokuumba mumate pamusoro jikichira pemvura simbi inounganidzwa mu Matangi duku, apo haikwanise mamwe richiparadzirwa kana kuparadzwa.

Muna 2013, masayendisiti ari Stanford University muCalifornia (USA) akawana Zvingangokubatsirai. Vaida kuziva chii chinoitika apo nesimbi uye silicates vari pasi kufurirwa simba, sezvo zvakanga kamwe pakati Pasi. Masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuita simbi yakaumbwa apfuure silicate, ndinosika kumanikidzwa pamwe mangoda. Kutaura zvazviri, BP alters kubata chedare silicates. At dzakakwirira Matambudziko yakabereka yakanyungudutswa network. Saka, tinogona kufunga kuti anopfuura mabhiriyoni emakore, zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva simbi pasi kuburikidza matombo kusvikira wasvika core.

Kukura musimboti

Zvichida, nemiwo kushamiswa sei masayendisiti anozivikanwa kukura musimboti. Chii chinoita kuti ufunge kuti riri kudzika 3000 makiromita pachiso. Mhinduro iri seismology.

In zvinoitirwawo kwepasi kuvhunduka mafungu akatambanudzirwa kuyambuka nyika. Seismologists kunyora nokufamba izvi. Ndizvo zvakafanana kana takanga yakarohwa kurutivi rumwe rutivi nyika hofori sando, uye Ukuwo kuteerera inzwi kunotangira.

The zvakawanda mashoko kwave akagamuchira panguva kwenyika Chile, kwakaitika muna 1960. Vose seismological nenhepfenyuro munyika vakakwanisa kunyora zvakaramba zviri kwepasi rino. Zvichienderana mirayiridzo kuti kutora vibrations izvi, ivo nomunyika dzakasiyana dzenyika, uye zvinokanganisawo nzira ivo "kuridza" mune dzimwe nzvimbo nyika.

Pakutanga nezvenhoroondo seismology, zvakava pachena kuti zvimwe nokufamba warasika. It aitarisirwa kuti inonzi S-wave ichava pamusoro mhiri nyika, asi izvi hazvina kuitika. Chikonzero ichi chaiva nyore. S-Mafungu zvinogona zvinooneka kuburikidza yakasimba acho chete, uye kuita izvi kuburikidza nemvura. Saka, vaifanira kuenda kuburikidza chinhu muchanyauswa mukati pakati Earth. Kuongorora gwara S-mafungu vakawana kuti dombo rakaoma yava mvura panguva chinhambwe 3000 makiromita pazasi. Izvi zvairatidza kuti chinoumba Pasi rine mvura marongerwo. Asi seismologists kumirira chimwe chishamiso.

Sechivako pasi chinoumba

Muna 1930 iri Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann vakataura kuti dzimwe mhando mafungu, rinonzi P-mafungu anogona nepakati yomukati chinoumba, uye kuonekwa ari mhiri nyika. Saka masayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chinoumba rakakamurwa maviri akaturikidzana. Yomukati Musimboti, unotanga ari kudzika anenge 5000 makiromita pachiso, chokwadi, chinhu hwakasimba. Asi kwokunze chokwadi iri mvura mamiriro. Pfungwa iyi hwakasimbiswa 1970, apo unokurumidza seismographs vakawana kuti P-mafungu vaigona here chipiwe tsanga, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko hadzitsauki panguva necheparutivi. Chokwadi, vachigere kunzwiwa mhiri panyika.