Sentimentalism - haisi chete kuitika uye tsika mabhuku, ndiko kunonyanya mupfungwa nzanga yevanhu pane imwe padanho kukura, iyo yakatanga zvishoma apfuura uye kwakatora kubva 20 kusvika makore 80 kubva XVIII remakore muEurope, kuRussia, waiva mugumo XVIII - pakutanga XIX emakore. Huru zviratidzo nekunzwisisa - mune vanhu anobvuma ndiro rine chokwadi pfungwa, kwete pfungwa.
Kubva pfungwa kuti pfungwa
Sentimentalism rinogumisa Kujekerwa, izvo akafukidza yose XVIII remakore uye nokuda kwounyanzvi zvinoverengeka mabhuku kufamba. classicism ichi uye rococo, pre-Romanticism uye sentimentalism. Dzimwe nyanzvi zvinorondedzerwa kutevera mirayiridzo funga romanticism uye tsitsi kuzvibatanidza pre-Romanticism. Mumwe nomumwe nzvimbo idzi ine yayo nezvekumwe nevamwe features, mumwe nomumwe ane ayo normative unhu pachavo, mumwe ane zvinhu zvakanaka kuratidza mumwe muitiro, riri Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti tsika kupiwa. Unogona kungotaura zviratidzo mashoma sentimentalism. pfungwa iyi pamunhu, pamusoro simba uye simba pfungwa, mashoko anozviita zvakasikwa pamusoro yebudiriro.
vakananga muzvarirwo
Izvi kuitika mabhuku pamusoro yakapfuura uye zvinotevera kuitika akasiyana kunyanya kunamatwa mwoyo womunhu. Zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti nyore, Akasununguka, gamba basa anova democratic unhu, kazhinji mumiririri vanhuwo zvavo. nzeve Great anopiwa kuti nyika womunhu uye hunhu, yaari womukati. Ndivo zviratidzo sentimentalism. Manzwiro anoramba vakasununguka pfungwa, akanamata, kana kunyange anonamatwa classicism. Saka vanyori-sentimentalists vaitova rusununguko fungidziro uye kuuratidza ari chigadzirwa, izvo haana kusvinwa kupinda kuomesa musoro framework classicism.
New mabhuku siyana
The chikuru Genres pamusoro sentimentalism - munhu yokufamba enganonyorwa, asi kwete nyore, asi anorayiridza, kana mutsamba. Letters, diaries, ndangariro - inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa Genres, sezvo dzinoita rakasiyana kuzivisa nyika womunhu womukati. In nhetembo, zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti elegy uye tsamba. Ndiko, iye mabhuku Genres mukati mavo, zvakare, zviratidzo sentimentalism. Somufudzi havagoni kuva mumwe kutungamirira vamwe pane kurondedzerwa.
The Russian sentimentalism yakanga reactionary uye norupo. Mumiririri akatanga Shalikov Petr Ivanovich (1768-1852). mabasa ake akanga rine runyararo pakuva - ane madzimambo zvikuru zvakanaka, akatumwa naMwari pasi chete nokuda mufaro murimi mudiki. No magariro kuzvipokanidza - idealism uye zvakasikwa kunaka. Zvichida nemhaka anovava-inonaka mabasa ichi mabhuku rwokufamba wakaiswa vamwe tearfulness uye artificiality, izvo dzimwe nguva akaona sechiratidzo sentimentalism.
Muvambi Russian sentimentalism
Mutsindo vamiririri akarurama muitiro ndiye Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich (1766-1826) uye mangwanani Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich (1783-1852), anozivikanwa. Unogona kunyange kuzodana vanyori shoma mberi norupo-pfungwa - ichi AM Kutuzov, uyo Rakakwanira Radishchev "Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow", M. N. Muravev, somuzivi uye nyanduri I. I. Dmitriev, mudetembi, fabulist uye mushanduri, VV Kapnist uye N. A. Lvov. Tanga uye kupfuura unoshamisa chigadzirwa ichi muitiro yaiva nyaya Karamzin kuti "Poor Liza". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviratidzo zviri sentimentalism mumabhuku Russia vane siyana zviri Europe. The chikuru ndechokuti anorayiridza, tsika uye dzidzo hunhu nemabasa. Karamzin akati kuti unofanira kunyora semi kutaura. Saka, chimwe wokuRussia sentimentalism ndiko kuvandudza mutauro munhu anodzidza basa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanaka kukura kana kunyange kuwanikwa ichi mabhuku kufamba ndechokuti ari kutanga rikabuda nyika yavanhu nemakirasi maduku yomudzimu, richiratidza upfumi hwayo uye rupo. Pamberi sentimentalists varombo, sezvinoita mutemo, zvinoratidza kuva ine, tsitsi, vasingakwanisi chero pakunamata.
"Varombo Liza" - kumusoro Russian sentimentalism
Ndezvipi zviratidzo tsitsi mu "Varombo Liza"? Zvarongwa nyaya iri pachena. Kunaka hakusi kuti. Pfungwa basa rinounza kuti muverengi kuti Akasununguka uye akapfuma nyika Lisa, nyore murimi mudiki, ndiyo husina kudarika nyika vakadzidza, rokunyika, hwomuzuva Erastosi, vose zvavo, kwete munhu akaipa, asi clamped framework gungano, tisingabvumiri kuti kuroorwa musikana. Asi haana kufunga kuti kuroora, nekuti kuwana reciprocity, Erast azere rusaruro, akarasikirwa kuna Lisa mubereko, haupo kuva iye muenzaniso yokuchena uye kusava nemhosva. Murombo murimi mudiki musikana, kunyange izere chiremera, kuvimba mupfumi rejaya akaburuka commoner (izvo zvinofanira kutaura pamusoro noupamhi mweya uye gutsaruzhinji views), pakutanga kwaiitirwa kwokupedzisira amhanye mudhamu. Asi kukudzwa nyaya yakasiyana zvachose nzira uye maonero zvakavhenekerwa pachinzvimbo banal zviitiko. Mupepa sentimentalism mu "Poor Liza" (runako mweya nevakariri murume uye hunhu, kunamatwa rudo) akaita nyaya iri kusimba akakurumbira mumarudzi ake. Zvino dziva, umo Lisa vakanyura, chainzi nezita rake (nzvimbo iri nyaya akataura zvakarurama kwazvo). Chokwadi chokuti nyaya chava chiitiko, ndechokuti vanenge zvose pakati kuitika vakapedza kudzidza muzvikoro Soviet vanoziva kuti "Poor Liza" Karamzin akanyora, se "Evgeniya Onegina," Pushkin uye "The ruzivo" Lermontov.
Pakutanga kubva France
Sentimentalism pachayo - the Chiitiko mu ingano kupfuura classicism rayo rationalism uye kuoma, pamwe magamba ayo, uyo, somunhu mutemo, vakanga korona misoro kana vehondo. "Julie, kana New Heloise" by Jean-Jacques Rousseau vakaputsa vakapinda ingano uye nheyo kuti nhungamiro itsva. Nechekare nemabasa muvambi mirayiridzo zvaiva zvakajairika zviratidzo sentimentalism mumabhuku, pova itsva uri gadziriro, iyo vakaimba rumbidzo zvavo murume, vaikwanisa tsitsi, pasina udyire vamwe, mhuri rudo zvikuru, farai zvechokwadi mufaro vamwe.
Zvakafanana uye misiyano
Zviratidzo classicism uye sentimentalism akafanana chaizvo, nokuti nzvimbo iyi ndezvaJehovha Nguva Kujekerwa, asi pane kusawirirana. Classicism kunokudza uye deifies chikonzero uye tsitsi - kunzwa. The chikuru sirogani nzvimbo idzi zvakare zvakasiyana; ndicho "murume, muranda zvinorayirwa chikonzero" chekare ari nekunzwisisa - "People vanonzwa". Miscellaneous mabasa uye siyana kunyora - nomusoro uye nehasha pakati classicists, uye akapfuma digressions, rondedzero, ndangariro uye tsamba mabasa nokuda vanyori akazotevera mabhuku kufamba. Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii vari chikuru zvinhu sentimentalism. Musoro mukuru mabasa rudo. Genre-chaiwo - Pastorale (Elegy), mumwe nekunzwisisa nyaya, achinyora uye parwendo. Nemabasa - kunamatwa pfungwa uye hunhu, tichidzivisa straightness.