Kuvhenekerwa - pfungwa yakachinja nyika.

Kujekerwa - ichatonga zvine mbiri upenyu zvedzidzo wevanhu, kuti chidzoke pfungwa itsva, uzivi itsva rinotarisa kukosha upenyu uye unhu nomumwe munhu uye kuzivikanwa yevanhu pfungwa huru ukoshi. Maererano mashoko makuru muzivi wokuGermany Immanuel Kant, "Kuvhenekerwa - kwomurume chidzoke kubva vashoma, iyo yaiva mhosva yavo."

Kujekerwa - uzivi uye dzinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero dzidziso.

Hwaro wakaradzikwa iri nguva nenzvimbo matongo, kana munhu wacho maonero, chete yakabuda kubva Dark Ages vakatanga nokukurumidza richikura. Geographical matongo, nyika itsva, kuwedzera wezvokutengeserana - zvose vakabatsira kuti kukura sayenzi, tsika uye vapfume pfungwa dzouzivi. Advanced zera vanhu vasisagoni kugutsikana nedzidziso dzechitendero, zvinodavirwa muchitendero nokutenda uye uzivi yekare. itsva nguva nesayenzi - kuwanikwa Copernicus, Newton nevamwe zvakasikwa mutsva vanhu vakaderera vanhu vane inokosha maonero, vamwe pane mukuru. In kwavo mufananidzo wenyika chikuru nzvimbo maigara pfungwa "rwokuzvarwa mutemo", "chikonzero", "zvisikwa". World inomiririra yepamusoro pfungwa zvakakwana mashandiro kamwe wezvakakora uye uchishandisa zvakarurama mutsa mumwe mutemo. Mwari basa rave kuderedzwa chete "pamusoro zvose," akareurura simba akauya chete hurongwa hwezvinhu, asi kwete zvakananga kupindira muupenyu. Dzidziso iyi wakanzi "deism" uye akanga akakurumbira kwazvo pakati nevazivi 17-18 remakore.

Evanhu anonzi chete chiduku yakatofanana zvakasikwa. Vazivi Kujekerwa - Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Locke, Lomonosov uye vamwe vakatenda kuti chete vaifanira 'kutsvaka' rwokuzvarwa mitemo avo pamusoro izvo evanhu uye ndivaite tichisunga. Vakaparidza dzinongoitika kodzero yomunhu rusununguko kutenda, hana uye kusarudza basa, kuzviremekedza kwevanhu, kuenzana nemakirasi. The ukama pakati vatongi uye vanhu vaifanira inobva dzinongoitika chibvumirano pakati pavo, izvo zvaizoita kutirambidza yokunyanyisa vatongi despotic. Izvi zvave zvechokwadi echimurenga - kuti simba iri pamusoro mambo kwainzi pamusoro ichi, uye mambo, korona nekereke soro akanyatsorongwa, kwainzi mumiririri waMwari panyika. Ndicho chikonzero vazivi vakawanda akataura mashoko avo, kunyanya madzimambo.

Kuvhenekerwa uzivi tsitsi vakatsoropodza ipapo-upenyu - parinogumira simba roumambo, kumarimi Raibvunzurudza, ari kutonga yechechi, mufaro uye simba chinzvimbo mukirasi yechitatu uye kushanda vanhu - izvi zvose zvaiita kwavari sembizi chinhu chekare. Nevazivi nharo kuti izvi zvose zviri zvibereko asiri zvaidiwa madzimambo mabasa avo chokuita noUmambo kwesimba. Tikaipa somuenzaniso kutevera "chinoziva mambo" uyo aizotonga hurumende, achivimbisa kuti yepanyama mutemo.

Vazhinji vatungamiri Kujekerwa wakaona kutambudzwa vechechi, uye mabasa avo vakapiswa, vakanga pasi zvikuru kusenza, hachishandi kazhinji havazivi kana vachida vachamuka mangwana uye kurarama sevanhu vakasununguka. Saka, mumwe zviratidzo Kujekerwa rokutanga - Encyclopedia of Diderot kuFrance airambidzwa anodhinda, uye munyori akamanikidzwa kutsvaka chinoziva vanoitisana vakapfuma. Zvisinei, nokutambudzwa haana kurega vazivi uye vanyori. Kuvhenekerwa aiva harbinger pakati itsva yaitonga, kuratidza vanhu wakanaka wokutevera uye nzira mberi.

The Age of Kuvhenekerwa vakauya mumwe vakapfuma deposits mutsika yazvino uno, vakawanda zvinodavirwa muchitendero ayo vakaumba hwaro mutemo ano muEurope, pose UN kuzivisa uye nemamwe magwaro.