The arambe achirema of tungsten. Properties uye kushandisa tungsten

Chii arambe achirema kuti tungsten? Chii hwaro chikumbiro chayo? Tichatsvaka mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi pamwe chete.

Mamiriro ari SS

Ichi makemikari chinhu rechitanhatu boka periodic hurongwa. Its Serial nhamba 74, pamwero mukuru hama mabhomba guru 183,85. The dzinokosha ehupfumi kuti tungsten takatsunga nedare yakakwirira utsotso pfungwa. Iye anonzi rimwe zvikuru refractory simbi. In zvepanyama tungsten ine akatsiga isotopes shanu, vane vakawanda nhamba akafanana kubva 180 kusvika 186.

yokutanga eremendi

Izvi kwemakemikari chaikosha sezvayakawanikwa mukupera rechi18. Scheele K. akabudirira nevamwe kubva zvicherwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa simbi zvirimowo ive oxide. Tungsten refu nguva akanga chepakarepo hapana maindasitiri chikumbiro, haisati aizviti. Chete pakati pezana remakore rechi19, chicherwa akatanga kushandiswa chirungiso iri kugadzirwa mukuru simba simbi.

Contents zvakasikwa

Muna goko vanoshingaira nhengo ari muduku mari. The vakasununguka chimiro isina kuwanikwa, riri chete dziri zvicherwa. In maindasitiri chikero kushandisa oxides ayo.

mumuviri ehupfumi

19300 - a tungsten arambe achirema makirogiramu / m3 panguva pomureza ezvinhu. anoumba simbi ine chine muviri-cubic zvakachinjikwa concentric. Ndiye chokukomborerwa kupisa tinokwanisa zvakanaka. High tembiricha coefficient tungsten anotsanangura refractoriness kwayo. Utsotso tembiricha iri 3380 Celsius. The zvemaziso ehupfumi wokutevedzera ayo pretreatment. Wapiwa tungsten arambe achirema pa 20 ne 19 3 g / cm3, unogona kuiswa mamiriro chete sekristaro faibha. pfuma iyi rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi waya kwazviri. In ezvinhu mumba tembiricha kuti tungsten ane diki ductility.

tungsten Features

Nouchapupu arambe achirema tungsten kwakunoitwa iyi simbi chikamu ehupfumi. Ane chaizvo pamwero yakaderera kubva kwemvura, mukuru Kubika pfungwa. Maererano zvemagetsi conductivity akaderera kupfuura tungsten mhangura katatu. Zviri arambe achirema zvikuru tungsten kushomeka kutsanangurwa kushandiswa kwayo. Uyezve, kushandisa kwayo chinobata rakawedzera fragility yakaderera tembiricha kusagadzikana kuna oxidation kubudikidza mumhepo okisijeni yakaderera tembiricha.

By nechitarisiko chavo tungsten akafanana simbi. Rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi alloys pamwe yakawedzera simba. tungsten kugadzira rinoitwa chete panguva imwe tembiricha yakakwirira.

tungsten Stamps

Kwete chete arambe achirema pakati tungsten, asi yokuvirisa inoshandiswa simbi, anozivikanwa pamusoro mucherechedzo simbi. Somuenzaniso, IA achipfeka musanganiswa tungsten pamwe aruminiyamu nesilicon. To kunoguma fivha giredhi nezvekumwe kwokutanga recrystallization, simba pashure annealing.

Kunosanganisira achiwedzera panhongonya kuti tungsten ive chirungiso ndiyo lanthanum oxide iyo inowedzera akabuda ehupfumi ari simbi.

CF - ane chiwanikwa kuti tungsten uye molybdenum. sezvamunoita kwakadaro anovandudza simba, ductility simbi anoramba pashure annealing.

Munda tungsten kushandisa

The yakasiyana ehupfumi nesimbi akafanosarudza chikumbiro chacho. In muindasitiri scale, rinoshandiswa mune wakachena chimiro uye sezvo alloys.

Tungsten mumba kushandiswa zvikuru magetsi mafomu.

Ndizvo rinoshandiswa senzira chikuru chinoumba (alloying chaikosha) panguva pagadzirwe kumhanya steels. Paavhareji, kuti tungsten zviri kubva mapfumbamwe kusvika makumi maviri muzana. Uyezve, ndiye chikamu chishandiso simbi.

Kwakadaro nemaforogo steels akashandiswa zvaAtemisi azvikuya vematombo, drills, zvibhakera, anofa. Somuenzaniso, mukuru-nokukurumidza simbi R6M5 zvinoratidza kuti hwendarira yakapambadzirwa pamwe cobalt uye molybdenum. Uyezve, tungsten iri huri rinobva steels akakamurwa volframokobaltovye uye tungsten marudzi.

Tungsten muupenyu hwezuva nezuva substantially asina vaizviti yakachena chimiro. Tungsten carbide ndiyo remubatanidzwa wenyika simbi pamwe kabhoni. Mukomboni kunoratidzwa yakakwirira zvakaoma, refractoriness, kupfeka nemishonga pamwe. Pahwaro tungsten carbide maturusi dzinoitwa alloys zvibereko hwakasimba ane inenge 90 muzana tungsten, uye vanenge 10 muzana cobalt. Hard simbi nokuveza migove kusika kuchera uye vakatema zvokushandisa.

Mhando steels kwakavakirwa tungsten

Pfeka nemishonga uye alloys kupisa nemishonga kwakavakirwa tungsten infusibility. In indasitiri zvakafanana tungsten kungatowedzera pamwe cobalt uye chromium, iyo vanonzi stellite. nokuda nomoto kwavo aishandisa padenga kusakara mugove zvikamu maindasitiri michina.

"Heavy" uye kuonana alloys - musanganiswa tungsten nesirivha kana mhangura. Ivo vanoonekwa zvakakwana saka kunobudirira kuonana zvinhu inoshandiswa kweShanduro vanoshanda zvikamu kunyorerana-electrodes kuti gwapa nomoto, uye azoshandiswa redunhu masaisai airovera panyika.

Muchimiro waya, ndokugadzira nyaya, tungsten Ribbon kushandiswa zvemagetsi, ari zvaAtemisi dzemagetsi mwenje, uyewo mune X-ray michina. Hazvina simbi iyi anonzi mashoko akanyatsokodzera kuumba spirals uye filament nezvitsvuku.

Tungsten pematanda uye waya zvinodiwa kuti zvaAtemisi dzemagetsi Heaters kuti mukuru tembiricha yamavira. Heaters kwakavakirwa tungsten vanokwanisa kushanda pasi inert gasi tsiye rehydrogen uye muna vacuüm it.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha sectors wokushandiswa tungsten ari Welding. Kwazviri sika electrodes inoshandiswa chinhu chakakombama nomoto. The zvichiguma electrodes vanoonekwa nonconsumable.

Kugadzirira refractory simbi

How zvikuru tungsten? Price pa makirogiramu iri zvinobva 900 kusvika 1200 rubles. Nderake boka isingawanzowanikwi simbi zvinhu. Uyewo pano chete chinzvimbo sezvo tungsten rubidium, molybdenum. Rare nesimbi zvidukuduku pamwero kushandiswa nokuda kwavo vasingakoshi pfungwa iri pasi goko. Hapana nesimbi izvi hazvigoni yaunganidzwa zvakananga rutapudzo pamusoro mbishi zvinhu. Kutanga mbishi kupatsanurwa kuti makemikari akasiyana-siyana. Cherechedza kuti kuitwa uye chinokosha mamwe kubudiswa nesimbi dzavo zvizere kugadzira.

In kubudiswa cheni kugamuchira isingawanzowanikwi tungsten muri matanho matatu. First pesimbi manyowa rinoitwa Nokuparadzanisa kuzovazve simbi kubudikidza kurema yakatsvuka zvinhu, uyewo yaro wevasungwa munguva precipitate kana mhinduro. Uyezve anobvisa mishonga wakachena yeimwe, kusarudzwa rinoitwa, uye rokuchenesa namakemikari. Wechitatu chikuva Kuparadzaniswa ndakanatswa simbi kubva oxide tsvina.

Somunhu mbishi zvinhu ari zvaAtemisi tungsten anoita wolframite. mhangura ichi rine anenge maviri muzana yakaisvonaka simbi. Mhangura ari kuitwa flotation, giravhiti, remagetsi kana rinobva kuparadzana. Pashure vapfume tungsten Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chakaumbwa, rine vanenge 65 muzana tungsten oxide (6). Kuwedzera simbi, inonyanya dzakadaro ane netsvina nesarufa, mhangura, phosphorous, Arsenic, bismuth, namavara akanaka. How kuzhinji tungsten? The mutengo chete kilogram iri rinenge chiuru rubles. Kuti pave tungsten upfu, zvakakodzera kuzoita carbon dioxide inobvisa kana rehydrogen.

Ainyanya kushandiswa hydrogenation nzira, sezvo kabhoni iri akawedzera simbi embrittlement inokanganisa yawo processability. Special nzira inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi tungsten upfu, hunoita kuongorora murwiyo, zviyo Ukuru Kuronga granules aumba.

Compact rehydrogen kunyanya muchimiro zvipfigiso kana vara zvinoshandiswa sezvo preforms ari zvaAtemisi Semi-apera zvinhu zvakadai Ribbon, waya.

Vaviri Pari kushandiswa nzira rakasikwa tsindirana tungsten. nzira yokutanga inosanganisira kushandisa upfu simbi. Somunhu yechipiri muitiro akabvumira kushandiswa yemagetsi riemukaari muvira dzinoshandiswa consumable electrodes.

The Mhando vakawanda mishonga anobudiswa kubva tungsten simbi uye ane kukosha, muri tungsten matanda. Vakagadzirira nokuda nokuchengetedza kuti nokuchengetedza mizariro unokosha muchina. Finished zvigadzirwa akashandiswa sectors siyana indasitiri ano. Somuenzaniso, pamusana non-consumable electrode nomoto inotengwa. Mukuwedzera, tungsten tsvimbo anoshandiswa paaisika Heaters. Zvinodiwa mu gasi iyeye akaipa, dzemagetsi Mabumba.