Paleogene nguva - nguva inotungamirwa mhuka. mamirire Paleogene

Vamwe nguva ari Geological munhoroondo Earth, ivo Paleogene, ivo Devonian, yeCambrian Somuenzaniso, vakasiyana kuchinyanya shanduko pasi. Saka, 570 mln.- 480 miriyoni apfuura, pakarepo kwakaonekwa yakawanda zvinhu. mamiriyoni 400 - makore 320 miriyoni apfuura, yakasvika ayo yepamusoro orogenic kufamba. On nyika yakatanga kuparadzira mbeu miti, amphibians akaonekwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi ndicho nguva kupfuura vanoshingaira Geological nhoroondo paNyika. Paleogene N-d goko Murongerwo yakaoma. Munzira dzakawanda zvakanga zvakafanana ano.

Features dzinongoitika ezvinhu

Kazhinji, munguva paumbwe goko mamiriro panyika yakaramba nekaupenyu yakakwirira tembiricha. Izvi runoratidzwa kwakaita zvinhu murenje, goroondo kuparadzirwa, mhindumupindu rezvipembenene (Paleogene, Perm). Triassic nguva akacherekedza kwaita chinyakare mhuka okutanga dinosaurs. On nyika inodzorwa coniferous zvirimwa. Muna Paleogene okunze aiva munyoro. In Equatorial tembiricha vaigona kusvika madhigirii 28, uye munharaunda pedyo North Sea -. 22-26.

zoning

Panguva Paleogene paiva zvikamu zvishanu:

• 2 subtropical.
• Equatorial.
• 2 dzinopisa.

Yakakwirira tembiricha akasimudzira kushingaira weathering. Zvisaririra laterite uye kaolinite chinoumba zvigadzirwa zvavo redeposition vanozivikanwa mune nhovo wokuBrazil muCalifornia, India, Africa uye zvitsuwa Indo-Malay Archipelago. Muchikamu Equatorial chikamu akatanga kuva nyoro miti yakasvibira masango. Vane zvimwe zvakafanana ne aivapo arrays nhasi dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa, uye Amazon. Wet Tropics dzaiva dzokufananidzira nokuda Western Europe, United States, kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati kumatunhu Eastern Europe, kumadokero mativi China uye Asia. Kumaodzanyemba zonebyli zvakafanana unyoro-rudo miti yakasvibira masango. Pane zvakaitika ferriallitnoe uye lateritic weathering. Southern dzinopisa anofukidza chinokosha Australia, zvikamu South. America uye South Africa.

subtropics

Ivo akaparadzirwa kuchamhembe United States uye East European pachikuva, kumaodzanyemba Canada, Japan, uye kuFar East. Pamwe chete makwenzi broadleaf plantings okuita munzvimbo idzi. Mugore Southern Hemisphere subtropics vakanga chakajairika kumaodzanyemba Chile uye Argentina, New Zealand uye South. Australia. Avhareji tembiricha pamusoro pemvura iri epicontinental mumakungwa bhandi raiva madhigirii hapana anopfuura 18. Zvichida mamiriro ezvinhu pedyo mwero, vakakunda ari mundima iri Kure North of North dzeAmerica, pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula kumabvazuva kweSiberia. Munguva Eocene, kukura inopisa uye ine zvikamu zvinokosha rakawedzerwa, zvinhu zviri subtropics vari misha kure kune polar kumatunhu.

mamirire Paleogene

Zvakatanga mamiriyoni 65, uye dzakaguma makore mamiriyoni 23.5 apfuura. Somunhu yoga repamutemo Paleogene dzinounzwa Naumann muna 1866, akanga yaisanganisira Kusvika panguva ino ari tertiary ino. The nemamiriro goko pamwechete nevadiki chipo platforms. Recent kupararira nzvimbo zvakakwana yakakura geosynclinal mudanga mabhandi. nharaunda yavo sezvo tichienzanisa pakutanga Mesozoic, yekudyidzana yakaderera muPacific. Pano pakutanga Cenozoic yaitonga paiva rakakura akapeta gomo nharaunda. Kuchamhembe hemisphere kuNorth America uye Eurasia. Izvi zviviri Chikuva chaisanganisira siyana yekare uye vechiduku idzodzo. Vakagoverana Atlantic bheseni, asi munzvimbo yeGungwa Bering, boka raivapo nhasi vari zvakabatana. Kumaodzanyemba chikamu kondinendi yose Gondwana kwatova. Antarctica uye Australia akanga zvakaparadzana makondinendi. South America uye Africa kwakanga kwakabatana kusvika pakati Eocene.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe akasiyana ubiquitous kwaizoita angiosperms uye softwood (gymnosperms). Ekupedzisira akaparadzirwa chete pamatunhu latitudes. The ine masango vakakunda, umo rakakura vakawanda rabha zvinomera, miti uye vamiririri siyana sandalwood. At mumwoyo kondinendi hunodzorwa AZHUTHA nemapani. Middle latitudes vaiva nzvimbo kupararira dzinopisa unyoro-rudo zvirimwa uye miriwo unozvidzora latitudes. Paiva muti ferns, shangu, chingwa uye mabhanana miti. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira Latitude kwemarudzi sezvamunoita hwachinja. Muno Paleogene munguva akakura Araucaria, arborvitae, nemisipiresi, nemiouki, Laurel, Chestnut, Redwood, Myrtle. Vose dzaiva dzokufananidzira vamiririri kasvisto subtropics. Zvinomera Paleogene nguva yakanga uye kweArctic Circle. In America, Northern Europe uye kweArctic hunodzorwa coniferous uye yakafara-leaved Deciduous masango. Asi akakurira munzvimbo idzi uye subtropical zvinomera, sezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro. On kukura kwavo uye kukura hauna kunyanya kubata polar usiku.

pano fauna of

Mhuka dziri Paleogene munguva iri zvikuru zvakasiyana chii vakanga vasati. Panzvimbo dinosaurs vakanga duku chinyakare mhuka. Ivo ainyanya vakawanda dondo mapazi uye marshes. Sezvineiwo kwakaderedza nhamba amphibians uye nezvinokambaira. Vakatanga kuparadzira proboscidian, nguruve uye tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (chakatodzana chipembere). Vazhinji vavo vave chakatorwa yokuita akawanda nguva mumvura. Mune Paleogene nguva nyika yakatanga vagare sezvo madzitateguru namabhiza, nemakonzo dzakasiyana marudzi. Zvishoma akazozviratidza creodontas (zvikara). Misoro miti akatanga kugara munhu mukanwa shiri. Savannah inogarwa dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya diatrimy. Vakanga vasingagoni kubhururuka shiri. Tupukanana dzave nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana siyana. Mukutanga Paleogene akatanga kuonekwa lemurs - vamiririri kupfuura chinyakare mapoka primates - prosimians. Akatanga agare nyika marsupials makuru. Pakati pavo vanozivikanwa uye herbivorous uye Mbeswa vamiririri.

Marine vamiririri

Muna Paleogene nguva yakatanga kutumbuka pamusoro bivalve molluscs uye cephalopods. Kusiyana yapfuura marudzi, ivo navanhu kwete chete mvura wakawanda, asi brackish uye Freshwater madziva. Vamwe gastropods vagara pasi mumupata. mugari gungwa urchins vava kunyanya kupararira pakati dzimwe invertebrates, sechipanji, bryozoans, korari, arthropod. Maduku rakawandisa vakanga vakapa decapod crustaceans. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, zvinosanganisira kuti shrimp uye crayfish. Sezvineiwo neb zvichienzaniswa kwokutanga nguva basa brahoipod uye bryozoans. Somugumisiro zvichangobva kudzidzwa, kwakaonekwa kuti rinokosha ukoshi pakati zvinenge panguva iyoyo aiva vamiririri nanoplankton - nemaziso kokkolitofridy. Maruva aya yendarama algae zvawanikwa Eocene. Pamwe chete navo, tine ukoshi rockforming diatomaceous siliceous uye flagellates. Sea inogarwa wo vertebrates. Pakati pavo, zvikuru kwose kwose kushandiswa pave nemapfupa anobudira nehove. Uyewo, zviri mugungwa uye akanga akapindwa vamiririri shwashwa - mwaranzi uye Akulovo. Vakatanga kuonekwa madzitateguru hove huru, sirens, Dolphins.

East-European papuratifomu

Munguva Paleogenic sezvo neogene nguva inotungamirwa iri dziri ezvinhu. Kunze kwaiva ravo shoma nhengo. Vakasangana zvishomanana Kutsauka uye akatanga kufukidzwa kudzika makungwa. Development of East European pachikuva muna Cenozoic Rinobatanidzwa ne nokuchinja muMediterranean mapazi. Pakutanga, kunyanya richikwidibira, uye ipapo - guru chikwidzo. Kumaodzanyemba chikamu Paleogene sagged pachikuva, inova yakabatana Mediterranean bhandi. In kudzika makungwa akatanga kuunganidza carbonate-clayey uye jecha sediments. By kuguma Paleogene bheseni akatanga kuderera nokukurumidza, uye mune inotevera nguva - Neogene - kuumbwa Continental hwechiKomonisiti.

Siberian kuchikuva

Akanga siyanei ezvinhu pane Eastern European. Panguva Cenozoic yaitonga Siberian pachikuva naro dzaitaurwa muchimiro zvakakwana yakakwirira rakakwirira nzvimbo rikukurwe. Ndakatanga kuumba yemakomo hurongwa okumusoro-mabvazuva mirayiridzo. Urefu ngetani yakawedzera yakananga kukwirira yainzi Baikalsky rakatenderera. Pakazopera AD akazviratidza nomunzvimbo dzine makomo, zvimwe nenhongonya izvo vanosvika zviuru zvitatu. M. Muchikamu axial chikamu ezvinhu yakaumbwa refu uye yakatetepa dzegirini. Ivo mbanudzira chinhambwe vanopfuura zviuru 1,7. Km kubva kumuganhu Mongolian kusvika pakati kosi. Olekma. Kudeuka kwegungwa anoonekwa kuti kuora mwoyo. Baikal - kufadza udzamu - 1,620 mamita.