Diameter of the Earth

Pasi ndiyo chete inonzi inozivikanwa pasi rose pane hupenyu huripo. Zera rayo rinotangira kubva kumakore anenge 3.5 kusvika ku4 mabhiriyoni.

Kwemakumi emakumi emakore, munhu akamirira Pasi se planheni yakagadzirirwa pane kutsigirwa. Uye iyi pfungwa yakavapo kwemazana emakore uye kuvanhu vakasiyana-siyana venyika. Asi kufamba, kufamba kwemauto kwenguva refu, kutengeserana kwekutengeserana kwakapa zvokudya zvefungiro kune pfungwa yekufungisisa.

Kwenguva yekutanga, masayendisiti echiGiriki akaratidza kuti Pasi yaiva nharaunda. Muzana remakore rechitatu BC. (235 BC) Erastofen (geographer uye nyanzvi yezvidzidzo) akatsunga kupenya kwePasi neSuva pane imwe nzvimbo, iri pedyo neguta reAlexandria. Iri guta ndiyo nheyo yesayenzi netsika yekare yeEgipita. Zvinhu zvokuchera matongo, zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano eEgyptologist zvinoratidza kuti ikozvino muzana remakore rechiuru BC. VaIjipita vakange vane pfungwa yakanaka kwazvo yezvose uye pasi.

Pazuva re solstice yezhizha (maererano nerendare yemazuva ano musi waJune 22), Erastofen akaverenga maonero emagetsi ezuva uye mumvuri kubva kubhekiki. Iyo data yakagamuchirwa yakamubvumira kuti aone radius yePasi. Muzana remakore rechipiri BC. Ptolemy akaedza kuverenga rutivi rwepasi nenzira yakafanana.

Nyanzvi dzezvidzidzo zvekare dzakabva kune zvinyorwa zveiyo nyanzvi yekudenga-dzose mitumbi inooneka yekudenga inofamba-famba pasi Pasi. MuMiddle Ages (9-1100), Central Asia masayendisiti akaitawo zvidzidzo zvekuyera. Vakatsanangura mabasa emasayendisiti ekare. Ukuru hwePasi hwakatorwa nevaSainoscience. Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika uye muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuyera. Kunyange zvakadaro, migumisiro yekuverenga kwemiganhu yepasi redu, Zuva, Mwedzi zvaive zvine zvazvinoreva.

Muzana remakore rechi16, nzvimbo dzevatsigiri venheyo yezvematongerwo enyika yepasi rose yakasimbiswa . Zuva ndiro nzvimbo yakakomberedza iyo mapurogiramu aripo, pakati pedu nyika yedu haisi iyo yakakura.

Kubatana kwepasi redu neSuva, Mwedzi nemamwe mapuraneti ezvose hazvigoneki. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Pasi neMwedzi zvakagadzirwa kamwechete. Asi, akatarisana nemakabhiriyoni emakore emakore apfuura, Mwedzi wakava muviri wakasiyana-siyana. Kuitenderera pasi redu mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri uye anenge maawa manomwe ndiyo mwedzi wedu wepasi pano. Uye nguva iyo Nyika inotenderera Zuva - mazuva 365 - gore repasi.

Zvinonzwisisika, pakange pane zvikanganiso mumazana emakore-mazera akaenzana emiganhu yepasi redu, nhasi zviyero zvinotevera zvinonzwisisika zvakajeka: Pasi pevhu is 6378.1336 km; Denga rePasi pedo neEquator ndiro 12756, 274 km; Diameter kubva kuSouth kusvika kuNorth Pole - 12,514 km.

Kutaura zvazviri, achitaura pamusoro pemiganhu yenyika, zvinonzwisisika kutaura pamusoro pemadhaita ayo, sezvo Nyika isiri bhora rakanaka, simba rekushandura rinoita kuti rive rolipse kana geoid. Zviri nyore kuverenga kuti musiyano pakati pemitengo ndiyo 43 km, uye muvhareji wepasi ndiyo 12743.2 km.

Nhamba idzi dzakarurama zvakadini? Mitezo uye kugadziridzwa kwemiganhu yePasi inopfuurira. Masayendisiti emazuva ano anoshanda mumakwikwi enyika, izvo zvinokubvumira kuwana ruzivo kubva kumativi akasiyana enyika. Muna 2007, migumisiro yezviyero zvakabudiswa, izvo zvakaratidza kuti kana zvichienzaniswa na2000, kupenya kwepasi kwakaderera nemamilimita mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti pasi redu riri kuderera? Asi, uchapupu hwokuti nzira dzekuyera dziri kuvandudzwa, mamwe mashoko akazara uye akajeka anoshandiswa, uye mazuva ano mashandisirwo emagetsi anoshandiswa.

Nokudaro, muvhareji wepakati pePasi maererano nemashoko ekupedzisira akacheneswa ndea 12 756, 274 km.

Mune zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano, nhatu nzira huru dzinoshandiswa:

1. Kuyera kwemafunguro eredhiyo (quasars), iyo inogamuchira 70 terevhifoni reredhiyo iri panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi redu.
2. Laser satellite iri kutarisa, apo kureba kubva kune chipfekitari kusvika pasi penyika kunoyerwa nea laser.
3. Purogiramu dzekutsvakurudza dzeState GPS systems uye DORIS.