Temberi yekare Greece - nhoroondo rakacherwa pabwe. The Mhando chikuru mutemberi Greek yekare

Pasina mubvunzo, zvikuru muupenyu runotevera aiva nounyanzvi uye mavakirwo vaGiriki vekare. runako vakuru uye kuwirirana vava muenzaniso uye rine rakafuridzirwa nokuda akazotevera eras. Temberi yekare Greece ndivo Monuments of ndero tsika uye nounyanzvi.

Nguva inotungamirwa Greek mapurani

Types temberi Ancient Greek zvakabatana pamwechete panguva kuvakwa yavo. Kune epochs matatu munhau Greek unyanzvi uye mapurani.

• Zvekare (600-480 gg. BC. E.). The yaingopambwa Persian.
• Classic (480-323 gg. BC. E.). Nguva kubudirira Greece. Movies Aleksandra Makedonskogo. The kumwedzi rinoguma rufu rwake. Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kusiyana uku dzakawanda, izvo zvichikonzerwa Kukunda Alexander vakatanga kupinda kuna Greece, kwakaita kuti kuparara pakati dzenhoroondo ndero unyanzvi uye mapurani. Temberi wekare Greece, zvakare, haana kunzvenga dambudziko iri.
• EchiGiriki (Makore 30 BC. E.). Late nguva yakaguma Roman kukunda yeEgipita.

Kufambiswa tsika uye zvikabva temberi

Netsika hwapinda mukati Asia Minor, Sisiri, Italy, Egypt, North Africa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Temberi akawanda ekare echiGiriki ndezvaJehovha zvekare yaitonga. Panguva ino, vaGiriki vakatanga kushandisa panzvimbo yamatanda zvokuvakisa akadai reraimu uye namatema. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikabva temberi ndiwo musha rekare nevaGiriki. Vane rectangular zvivako nembiru maviri pasuo. Buildings iyi mhando pamusoro nguva, kumhuka zvakawanda dzakaoma siyana.

mureza patani

temberi Ancient Greek anowanzoshandurwa chakavakwa iri vakadzungairira hwaro. Vaiva chivakwa risina mahwindo, iyo vakapoteredzwa pembiru. Inside pane chifananidzo mwari. Column inotsigira pasirin'i matanda. temberi Ancient Greek aiva mukoko denga. Mune mukati, sezvo mutemo, zvakanga kuona. Access paiva chete vaprista. Vakawanda temberi Greek vekare vanhuwo zvavo vaigona kuonekwa chete kubva kunze. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi Ndokusaka vaGiriki akateerera zvikuru kuti chimiro chinoonekwa chemunhu nzvimbo dzokunamatira.

temberi Greek dzakavakwa maererano nemimwe mitemo. hukuru All, zvinoumba reshiyo, nhamba zvikamu, uwandu mbiru uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvave runotsanangurwa zvakajeka. temberi Greek Ancient yakavakwa muna Doric, Ionic uye vokuKorinde zvekunyanyisa. Mukuru wavo wokutanga.

Doric Style

Izvi manyorero mapurani rakaumbwa kare zvekare nguva. Iye kunoratidzwa nyore, simba uye vamwe ushingi. zita rake, iye vanosungirwa madzinza Doric, zvinova ayo havaoni. Today akaramba chete chikamu mutemberi dzakadaro. Ruvara navo chena, asi kare ari STRUCTURAL okunze akanga akafukidzwa pendi, izvo anopararira achifuridzirwa nguva. Asi cornices uye friezes taimbova rwedenga uye tsvuku. Mumwe zvivako yakakurumbira mumagadzirirwo ichi itembere yeOlympia Zeus. To dzakararama chete matongo ichi guru rokuvaka.

Ionic Style

Style Izvi rakaumbwa muna runoenzanirana mudunhu Asia Minor. Kubva imomo chakapararira yose Hellas. netemberi Greek Ancient mumagadzirirwo ichi zvakawanda kuwirirana uye runako kana ichienzaniswa Doric. Gadzira hwaro wako mumwe mbiru. Capital ayo pakati chikamu zvakafananidzirwa pamutsago, izvo pamakona vari wakamonyaniswa kuva zononoka. Mumagadzirirwo ichi hamuna kuzviomesera zvikuru pakati nechepasi uye pamusoro zvivako, sezvo iri Doric. A kubatana pakati penhindi zvivako vanova MENE raidudzwa uye zvakawanda shaky.

Sezvineiwo, kushanda haana kuregerera Monuments of mavakirwo Ionic manyorerwo pamusoro munharaunda Greece pacharo. Asi vari zvakanaka kuchengeta kwose. Vanoverengeka vavo vari muItari Sisiri. Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira itembere Poseidon pedyo Naples. Inotarisira squat uye rinorema.

kuKorinde Style

In yaitonga vaGiriki pakati ezvivako akatanga kunyatsoteerera norunako zvivako. Panguva ino, temberi Greece yekare akatanga kupa misoro yeKorinde, zvikuru yakashongedzwa zvishongo uye maruva motifs ane predominance pamusoro acanthus mashizha.

naMwari zvakanaka

Unyanzvi chimiro kuti akanga temberi muGirisi yekare, yaiva zvakakwana ropafadzo - mutemo waMwari. Kusvikira yaitonga vaGiriki anofa vasingagoni kuvaka misha yavo nemanyorero ichi. Kana munhu vakakomba imba yake mitsara matanho, vangadai vakamuita Gables, zvingadai zvakurukurwa mukuru audacity.

In Dorian mamiriro idzodzo nevapristi mirayiro rambidza rinozvibereka iconic zvekunyanyisa. The ceilings uye Masvingo kwakajairika padzimba dzakavakwa, kazhinji zvakaitwa namatanda. Nemamwe mashoko, ibwe zvivako ndivo ropafadzo vamwari. yemamongi yavo chete aifanira zvakakwana simba kutsungirira nguva.

matsvene zvinoreva

Greek ibwe temberi yakavakwa zvachose namabwe nekuti vakanga inobva pfungwa weboka rakatanga - matsvene uye zviri zvitsvene. Vakagara vamwari vaifanira kuchengetedzwa kubva zvose unofa. Gobvu ibwe kana machena masvingo vakashumira nenhamba dzavo vadziviriri vakavimbika kubva kuba, nyangadzi yokuparadza, netsaona kuonana, uye kunyange yokunzvera maziso.

Acropolis

Maruva akitekicha Ancient Greece akatanga muna 5th remakore BC. e. Nguva ino ayo zvakagadzirwa dzinobatana zvakasimba ushe yakakurumbira Pericles. Rakanga panguva iyi akavaka Acropolis - nzvimbo pachikomo, apo mukuru temberi Ancient Greece vakanga dzichiitika. Photos vanogona kuona izvi zvinhu.

Acropolis muAtene. Kunyange matongo kunzvimbo ino zvinogona kuonekwa sechinhu mukuru uye akanaka zvakanga kamwe. The yamakomo rakafara chaizvo manera akaita yemabhura. To yake rworudyi pachikomo iri temberi duku asi wakanaka mwarikadzi Nike. The Acropolis pacharo vanhu vanowana nepagedhi nembiru. Kupindana kuburikidza navo, vashanyi vanozviwana vari pachivara, zvikamu pamwe chidhori Athena (mwarikadzi uchenjeri), uyo aiva vaichengetedza kweguta. Next aigona kuonekwa chaizvo zvakaoma rokuvaka Erechtheion temberi. Its runoratidza ndiyo pabiravira, iyo makabuda kubva kurutivi uye akatsigira haana bindepinde mureza muvharanda uye machena hadzi yakanyungudutswa (karitaidy).

Parthenon

The chikuru pakuvaka Acropolis ndiwo Parthenon - temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Athena Pallas. Zvinonzi yakakurukura mamiriro kupfuura akakwana vakasikwa Doric manyorerwo. The Parthenon yakavakwa anenge 2.5 zviuru. Makore akapfuura, asi mazita creators ayo achiripo. The creators yetemberi iyi ndivo Callicrates uye Iktinos. Inside payo pane chivezwa chaAthena, izvo wakavezwa mukuru Phidias. Temberi yakanga yakapoteredzwa aine 160-mita refu frieze unoratidza kwakawanda vagari veAtene. musiki Its aivawo Phidias. The frieze Unoratidza vanhu vanoda kusvika mazana matatu uye bhiza nemifananidzo mazana maviri.

kuparadzwa Parthenon

Panguva ino, temberi ari matongo. mamiriro ichi zvikuru, kufanana Parthenon, zvichida, vangadai achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Zvisinei, muzana remakore rechi17, apo Venetians vakakomba Athens, wedzera ari vokuTurkey vakanga akamisa kuvakwa nemagazini upfu, uye kuputika izvo akaparadza shongwe iyi mapurani. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 British Elgin akauya kuLondon zvakawanda vasara reliefs.

Kupararira wetsika dzechiGiriki somugumisiro pakati kukunda Aleksandra Makedonskogo

Kukunda Alexander kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti ndero unyanzvi uye mapurani kuno- kuwarira pamusoro nzvimbo huru. Kunze zvikuru nzvimbo Greece, dzakadai Asia Minor Pergamon kana Alexandria muIjipiti zvakasikwa. Mumaguta izvi, basa rokuvaka yasvika kusingaenzaniswi zvikuru. Sezvingatarisirwa, guru kukanganisa pakuvaka aiva mavakirwo Greece yekare.

Netemberi uye makuva munzvimbo idzi vanowanzoyemura yakavakwa muna Ionic manyorero. Sezvineiwo mharidzo ndero mapurani iri rakakura mausoleum (tombstone) Maussollos mambo. Iye akaverengwa pakati nomwe mukuru zvinoshamisa munyika. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti pakuvaka akatungamirira mambo pachake. Mausoleum peguva kumusoro pamusoro rectangular pasi, takapoteredzwa shongwe. Pamusoro pazvo pamire Step Pyramid amabwe. Zvinonzi surmounted ne mufananidzo Quadriga. By zita zvivako (mausoleum) munyika zvino chidanai dzimwe chikuru kwevafi mamiriro.