Shadouf muEgypt yekare: tsanangudzo, zvinoreva

Kuramba kweminda yakange iripo muEgypt yekare, inzvimbo dzinokosha zvikuru dzinotaurira nhoroondo yenyika yekare, yevanhu vemazuva ano. Kutanga pane zvose, idzi zvipfeko zvinonakidza uye zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa munguva yekuchera matongo .

Vatsvakurudzi vakawana frescoes dzakawanda dzakabatana neNew Kingdom (2 Makore BC), nemufananidzo wevagari vekuIjipiti, vanobudisa mvura kubva muNile vachishandisa nzira inonzi "shaduf." MuEgypt yekare, akaita basa rinokosha pakusimwa kwekurima mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakanyanya aoma.

Minda yeEgipita: tsvakurudzo yekutsvakurudza

Zvakawanda zvekuchera matongo zvinotitaurira pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwemaguta uye zvivako zvekare, pamwe neyekuchera. Mumagazini ino, kunyanya kunobhadharwa kuongororwa kwenzvimbo yemakomba ane nutritive ground, izvo zvinotibvumira kuwana zvinyorwa zvinokosha pamusoro pemiti yeiyo nguva.

Kuvakwa kweminda kunosvika munzvimbo yakakura pane imwe nguva yeguta rekare reUpper Egypt - guta reThebes (nhasi Luxor). Panguva iyoyo, dzimba dzakagadzikana dzimba dzepamusoro nedzimba dzakanaka, dzimba dzakawanda uye paradhiso jasi dzakange dzakakomberedza ipapo , dzakakombwa nemasvingo akareba.

Zvose izvi zvidzidzo zvinotibvumira kuwana zvinhu zvinokosha izvo zvinopa pfungwa yakawanda yeminda yeEgipita uye nzira yekudiridza zvinomera. Pasi apa, regai titarise zvinorehwa neshoko "shadoof". MuIkare yeEgypt, iyi nzira yakaratidza basa rinokosha pane hupenyu hwevanhu.

Chimiro cheEgypt

Mamiriro ekunze munharaunda yeEkare yeEgypt yakagara isingabatsiri pakurima nekurima. Inoratidzirwa nekushayikwa kwemvura, mhepo inopisa, iyo inotakura sandwende. Muchirevo ichi, upenyu hwakanga huchigoneka mumuganhu weNile. Uye zvakadaro izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, kuwedzera kunwa kwekugadzira kwaidiwa.

Nokuda kwezvinangwa izvi, matsime akavakwa, ayo mvura yakabudiswa ne crane system (lever), uye nzira dzakakosha dzokudiridza dzakavakwa.

Chii chinonzi Shadouf muGuta rekare: Tsanangudzo

Kukosha kweminda muEgypt yekare kwaive kwakakura. Vaive vachinyanya kukosha mumwedzi inopisa yezhizha, sezvavakaita mumvuri unoponesa. Kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvakadai muzvinyorwa zvekare zvematambudziko evanhu zvakapona, zvakadai sekuti: "Iye murombo - haana mvuri."

Zvinyorwa zvekuvaka kwekuvaka shadofs zvakashandiswa zvikuru munzvimbo idzi, mabweti ejecha nemaromboti, uyewo pink granite, jasper, diorite uye porphyry.

Shaduf muEgypt yekare ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa munguva yeNew Kingdom muhurumende iyi. Icho chimiro chekusimudza mvura, chakafanana nechesi ine gane.

Uyu mudziyo waiva nesimbi, yakasimbiswa pakati pebiru mbiri. Pamugumo wayo wapfupi, mutoro wakanga wakabatanidzwa, uye pane yakareba imwe mudziyo (ibhakiti) yakaitwa nemashizha emichindwe akaiswa. Kubva ipapo, mvura yakatakurwa mumabhakiti mujoko kana mumatehwe emakwai akagadzirwa nematehwe emakwai.

Kunwisa minda neminda

Nzira chete uye yakakosha iyo nzira yaive pahupfumi hwevamwe vevarimi vezviitiko izvozvo yaiva shaduf. MuIjipiti yekare, pedyo neRwizi rwaNire, zvivako zvakawanda zvakafanana zvakavakwa. Zvisinei, kana uwandu hwemvura murwizi rwakakoromoka, paiva nemamwe matambudziko nekusimudzirwa kwemvura. Pane imwe nguva, yakagadziriswa asi yakagadziriswa yekusimudza mvura kuminda - "Archimedean screw" (iyi kuiswa kwezvigadziri pamatunhu akasiyana) yakaita kuti zvive nyore kuita izvi. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa pamwe chete (imwe yemisha miviri kana mitatu).

Kutsigira kudiridza, kudyara minda yakarongedzwa pedyo nemigodhi, kazhinji yakasikwa nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi. Mvura inobva mumatombo aya akazadza madziva, akagadzirirwa kunwisa miti nemaruva. Kungosvitsa mvura iyi uye kushanda sechigadzirwa chemunhu-shaduf.

Ijipiti yekare yakakurumbira pamasango ayo akanaka. Yaiva yakakurumbira uye yakashandiswa zvikuru munyika yose. Zvichida zvichibva kune minda yakadiriridzwa, minda ine kukura kwehupenyu hweEgypt yakashandurwa kuva magadzirirwo emagetsi anoyevedza nemadziva anoshamisa, maruva akanaka, zvidhori, zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvemiti yemichero uye mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyi nzvimbo dzakanaka dzakaputsika pedyo uye dzakapoteredza temberi, dzimba dzepamambo dzimba dzakanaka uye dzimba dzevakapfuma vaEgipita.