Mwanakomana waPeter I Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov: photo, biography. Vana vaAlexey Petrovich

Mutori wenhaka kuna Petro Ini Alexei Petrovich ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinosuruvarisa uye zvisingazivikanwi munhoroondo yemhuri yaRomanov. Nemhaka yekukakavadzana nababa vake, akatiza kune imwe nyika, asi akadzorerwa kunyika yekwake, akatongerwa rufu uye akafa pasi pemaitiro asina kufanira ari muchitokisi.

Mwana asingadiwi

Alexey Petrovich Romanov akaberekwa musi waFebruary 18, 1690. Amai vake vaiva Evdokia Lopukhina, uyo uyo muduku wechidiki Petro akaroora kwemakore mashoma asati asvika kumudyi wenhaka. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi iyo mambo aive nechishuvo chitsva-mwanasikana wemumwe mutungamiri wenyika imwe nyika Anna Mons kubva kumusha waaida kuGermany, uko gavhuna akapedza nguva yakawanda yenguva yake yekusununguka. Mutongi wacho akazoputsa naEvdokia Lopukhina muna 1694, apo mwanakomana wake wedangwe akanga achiri muduku zvikuru.

Nokudaro, Alexei Petrovich Romanov haana kumboziva mhuri iyo idyll. Nokukurumidza zvikuru, iye chaizvo akazova mutoro kuna baba vake. Mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera apo Petro Mukuru akaendesa Evdokia kuMunzvimbo yeMunharaunda yeChipembere muSuzdal. Panguva iyoyo aive akatsiva nenzira yechirongwa chekurambana. Pakutanga Evdokia haana kubvuma kuvhiringidza kwemurume. Akatoteterera kubvunzurudza nemutateguru Hadrian. Musoro wevafundisi akaedza chaizvo kudzivirira mutambokadzi kubva kumurume wake, izvo zvakangoita kuti Petro atsamwa. Somugumisiro, Evdokia akaenda kumusha wechitemberi pasi pekuperekedzwa. Zvakaitika muna 1698, zvichipikisana nechekupedzisira kwekuvhurwa kwekupandukira kwaStanrel muMoscow.

Dzidzo:

Nyaya inonyangadza nekudzingwa kwemai vake hazvingagoni kuchinja asi Alexei Petrovich. Mushure mechiitiko ichocho, mukomana uyu akaramba achichengetwa nainini vake, Princess Natalia Alekseevna. Baba vangu havana kuitira mwana wavo zvishoma, sezvo aigara ari munzira. Upenyu hwose hwaPeter ini ndakazvipira kune zvematongerwo enyika, apo mhuri yakanga isina nguva kana chido chokuipedza.

Alexey aiva nevadzidzisi vakawanda. Wokutanga wavo - mudhikoni Nikifor Vyazemsky - akapiwa mutungamiri wemakore matanhatu. Akadzidzisa mukomana wacho ABC, uyezve mitauro yekunze. Pane imwe nguva, Petro akatoda kutumira mwanakomana wake kuti adzidze kuDresden, pamwe chete nevatungamiri vechidiki kubva kuvakuru, asi akachinja pfungwa dzake. Pane kudaro, maGermany - Martin Neugebauer naHeinrich Güsssen - vakasunungurwa kuTransfiguration Palace. Kutarisirwa kwemambo kwakarayira ruoko rwake rwunoda uye rworudyi kuna Alexander Menshikov.

Heir

Kwemakore, ukama pakati pababa nemwana wake hahudzidzi. Pane zvakasiyana, pakanga pane kunyanya kuwirirana mukati mavo. Mwanakomana waPetro 1 Alexei Petrovich akanga akadzidziswa, akaziva mitauro yekunze uye sciences chaiyo. Asi baba vake vakatsamwa kuti akanga asingafariri nhau dzehondo. Dzimwe nguva mambo akatora mugari wenhaka kuti aende. Nguva yokutanga yakaitika muna 1704, apo mauto edzimba akakunda Narva.

Zvadaro, apo uto reSweden raCharles XII rakanga ratotanga kupinda muRussia, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich ndiye aida kugadzirira Moscow kuti adzivirire muitiko wekurwiswa nemuvengi. Paiva netsamba kubva kuna baba vake umo vakarova mwanakomana wavo nokuda kwekusaita uye kusaregerera. Hasha dzaPetro dzakakonzerwa nedzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nguva pfupi zvisati zvaitika, Alexei akazvivanza akaenda kumusha wemamhuri kuenda kuna amai vake vakanga vatapwa. Uyu mutongi akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti aparadzise shamwari dzomwanakomana wake uye mudzimai wekutanga. Pakushanya kwaAleksei Petrovich akadzidza nekuda kwekutuka kwevasori vake. Mwanakomana wacho aikwanisa kuburitsa baba vake kuburikidza netsamba kune vaaida uye vaAprimer Catherine I.

MuGermany

Muna 1709, mwanakomana waPeter Mukuru, Aleksey Petrovich, zvakadaro akaenda kuGermany kuzodzidza. Mukuwedzera, baba vacho vaida kuwana ikoko kune imwe mwenga wokumwe. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, maRussia tsars akanga aroora vakadzi veRussia chete, uye kubva pakutanga vangangodaro vasina kutaura. Iyi mafungiro emuchato aive maitiro ezana remakore re XVII. Iyo tsar, iyo yakaita Russia rutivi rweEurope, inofunga kuroorana kwemazuva ano chinhu chakakosha chechibvumirano. Panozano remudzidzisi Aleksei Petrovich, akasarudza kuronga kuroorana kwemwanakomana wake naCharlotte Wolfenbüttel - mukunda wechikwata cheGermany uye hanzvadzi yemunguva yemberi Empress weAustria.

Zvisinei, vasati varoorana, muchinda aifanira kupedza dzidzo yake. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa chikamu paakadzokera kuRussia, achitya nekuedzwa kwekunyorwa, akazvipfura pachake muruoko rwake kubva pisitori. Chiito ichi chakatsamwisa baba vake. Petro haana kungorova mwanakomana wake nekuda kweizvi, asi akamurambidza kuti azviratidze mudare. Mushure mechinguva, mambo akadzikama ndokuyanana nemwana. Mukudengenyeka kwakadaro kwehasha, mamiriro ose aPetro akabatanidzwa. Nezvose zvake matarenda uye kushingaira kwake, iye akanga ari nyanzvi isina kubvumira kusateerera. Ndicho chikonzero nei vese vanozviti vatongi vasiri ivo vakanga vasingagoni kuzvimiririra. Vakanga vachitya kupikisa tsar. Izvi zvinotsanangurawo kuti kushayikwa kwechido, chakasimudza Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. Ainyanya kubatwa nekutsamwa kwebaba vake.

Muchato nevana

Pasinei nemhuri yose yakasununguka uye kusagadzikana, muchato wakarongeka wakaramba uchiitika. Gumiguru 14, 1711 muguta reTorgau, muchato wakaitika pakati paAlexxei naCharlotte Wolfenbuttel. Mhemberero yacho yaipinda naPetro I pachake. Nokukurumidza zvakasvika pachena kuti kubatana kwevachangobva kuchata kwaizove nechinetso chakaoma kwazvo. Charlotte akatamira kuSt. Petersburg, asi akaramba ari mutorwa kune imwe nyika. Akanga asingakwanisi kuswedera pedo nemurume wake kana mukarahwa wake.

Uye kunyange hukama hwemadzimai hwevakaroorana husina kubudirira, hurumende yakaramba ichiita basa rake guru. Muna 1714, murume nomudzimai vechidiki vaiva nemwanasikana, Natalia, uye gore rakatevera - mwanakomana akamirira kwenguva refu Peter. Zvisinei, mushure mokuberekwa kwake, amai vakanzwa vakaipa. Mamiriro ake akawedzera, uye mazuva gumi mushure mekuberekwa kwaChristine Natalia (sezvaakadanwa muRussia), akafa. Mwanakomana weZarevich Alexei Petrovich Peter mumakore 12 akazova Emperor Peter II.

Kuenderera mberi kwemakakatanwa

Vana vaduku vaAlexei Petrovich vakanga vasiri ivo voga kuwedzera kumhuri yeumambo. Mutongi pachake, mushure mekunge mwanakomana wake asingadi, akawana mumwe mwana. Mwana wacho ainzi Petro Petrovich (amai vake vaiva remangwana Catherine I). Saka kamwe kamwe Alexey akarega kuva mugari wenhaka yababa vake (iye zvino akanga ane mwanakomana wechipiri uye muzukuru). Mamiriro ezvinhu akamuisa munzvimbo isina kunaka.

Mukuwedzera, hupenyu hweSt. Petersburg huri pachena hahukodzeri unhu hwakadaro saAlexei Petrovich. Mufananidzo wezviratidzo zvake unoratidza murume achinetseka uye asingakanganisi. Akaramba achiita mabasa ehurumende ababa vake vane simba, kunyange zvazvo akazviita nenzira yakananga kusada, izvo zvakatsamwisa zvakare mutongi.

Paakanga achiri kudzidza muGermany, Alexei akakumbira shamwari dzake dzomuMoscow kuti dzitumire mumiririri mutsva, uyo aigona kubvuma pachena pamusoro pezvose zvakashungurudza jaya racho. Mutungamiriri ainyanya kunamata, asi panguva imwechete akatya vasori vababa vake. Zvisinei, mutauri mutsva Jacob Ignatiev akanga asiri Petro purogiramu. Rimwechete Alexey mumoyo make akamuudza kuti akanga akamirira kufa kwababa vake. Ignatiev akapindura kuti shamwari dzakawanda dzeMoscow dzemudyi wenhaka dzinoda zvakafanana. Saka, zvisingatarisirwi, Alexei akawana vatsigiri vake uye ndokutanga munzira iyo yakamutungamirira kurufu rwake.

Chisarudzo chakaoma

Muna 1715, Petro akatumira mwanakomana wake tsamba yaakaisa pamberi pekusarudzwa-kana Alexei akaruramisa (ndiko kuti, anotanga kupinda muuto uye anobvuma mutemo wababa vake), kana kutumirwa kumamongi. Mutori wenhaka akanga ari pamagumo. Akanga asingadi mabasa aPeter akawanda, kusanganisira hondo dzake dzisingagumi dzehondo uye makadhiine hupenyu huri munyika. Iyi mafungiro akagoverwa nevakuru vakawanda (kunyanya kubva kuMoscow). Muvanhu vakuru hapana chaicho chakanga chisina kukanganisa kuchinja kwekukurumidzira, asi hapana munhu akatya kuzviratidza pachena, sekubatanidzwa mune chero upikiso kunogona kuguma mukunyadzisa kana kuurayiwa.

Mutevedzeri wekutonga, kuisa chirevo kumwanakomana wake, akamupa nguva yekufunga nezvechisarudzo chake. Nhoroondo yeAlexia Petrovich ine zvakawanda zvezviitiko izvi zvisingaoneki, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akafa. Mushure mekunge vataurirana nevanhu vane mutoro (pakutanga kwezvose, nemusoro weSt. Petersburg Admiralty, Alexander Kikin), akasarudza kutiza Russia.

Pukunyuka

Muna 1716 nhume dzakatungamirirwa naAlexxe Petrovich dzakabva kuSt. Petersburg kuCopenhagen. Mwanakomana waPetro aifanira kuona baba vake kuDenmark. Zvisinei, achiri muGdansk, Poland, mutungamiriri kamwe kamwe akachinja nzira uye chaizvoizvo akatizira kuVienna. Ikoko Alexei akatanga kutaurirana pamusoro pezvematongerwe enyika. VaAustria vakamutumira kuNaples yakachengetwa.

Urongwa hwomupoteri hwaifanira kumirira rufu rwevanorwara veRussia tsar, ndokubva vadzokera kunyika yake yekudenga kuchigaro cheushe, kana zvichifanira, ipapo nekunze kwehondo. Alexey akaudza nezvazvo gare gare pakuongorora. Zvisinei, hazvibviri kutora mazwi aya nechivimbo chechokwadi, kubva kune uyo akasungwa akangobvisa uchapupu hunokosha. Maererano nehuupupuri hwevaAustria, Tsarevich yaiva mumanyengeri. Nokudaro, zvinowanzopikiswa kuti akaenda kuEurope kubva pakuora mwoyo uye kutya kwehupenyu hwake hwomunguva yemberi.

MuAustria

Petro akakurumidza kuziva kuti mwanakomana wake akanga atizira kupi. Vanhu vakavimbika kuna tsar vakabva vaenda kuAustria. Musoro webasa rinokosha wakasarudzwa kuti ave mudivikota ane ruzivo Petro Tolstoy. Akaudza kumambo weAustria Charles VI kuti kungovapo kwaAlexis munyika yeHabsburgs kwakanga kuri kurohwa pamberi peRussia. Mutiza akasarudza Vienna nekuda kweshamwari yake namambo uyu nekuda kwechato chake chechato.

Zvimwe, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, Charles VI angadai akadzivirira kutapwa, asi panguva iyoyo Austria yakanga iri kurwisana neUtoman Empire uye yakanga iri kugadzirira kupesana neSpain. Kugamuchira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro muvengi ane simba saPetro I, mambo haana kuda zvachose. Mukuwedzera, akazvifungidzira iye naAlex. Akazvibata zvakananga uye zvakajeka akanga asina chokwadi nezvake. Somugumisiro, zviremera zveAustria zvakagadzirisa. Peter Tolstoy akawana kodzero yekuona mutiza.

Kukurukurirana

Peter Tolstoy, achiungana naAlexia, akatanga kushandisa nzira dzose dzinogona kuitika uye mazano okumudzosa kunyika yake. Mukati makanga mune zvivimbiso zvechokwadi kuti baba vake vaizomukanganwira uye vachimurega kuti ararame akasununguka mune zvake pfuma.

Nhume haina kukanganwa pamusoro pemanzwi ekuchenjera. Akanyengetedza muchinda kuti Charles VI, asingadi kuparadza ukama naPetro, haazoiti, chero zvakadaro, aizomuviga, uye ipapo Alexei aizonyanya kuRussia semhosva. Pakupedzisira, muchinda akabvuma kudzokera kunyika yake yekuzvarwa.

Dare

February 3, 1718 Peter naAlex vakasangana muMoscow Kremlin. Uyu mugari wenhaka akachema uye akakumbira kukanganwirwa. Mambo akazvinyengera kuti haafaniri kutsamwa kana mwanakomana akaramba chigaro uye nhaka (izvo zvaakaita).

Mushure meizvi, dare rakatanga. Pakutanga mutambi wacho akatengesa vatsigiri vake vose, avo "vakamunyengetedza" mukuita chisina maturo. Kusungwa kwakatevera uye nguva dzose kuurayiwa kwakatevera. Petro aida kuona mudzimai wake wokutanga Evdokia Lopukhin uye mushumiri wepikisi ari mukuru wezano iri. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti mambo akanga asina kugutsikana nehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda.

Rufu

Hapana yenyaya shomanana yeAlexei Petrovich haina mashoko chaiwo pamusoro pemamiriro ekufa kwake. Pashure pekutsvakurudza, iyo yaitungamirirwa naPetro Tolstoy mumwechete, mutambi wacho akatongerwa rufu. Zvisinei, hazvina kumboitika. Alexey akafa musi waJune 26, 1718 muPeter naPaul Fortress, kwaakabatwa panguva yekutongwa. Yakaparidzirwa zviri pamutemo kuti akanga ane kubatwa. Zvichida mutungamiriri akaurayiwa nekuvigwa kwaPetro, kana kuti akazofa pachake, asina kutambura kutambudzwa kwakaitika mukuongorora. Kune uyo musimba rose, kuurawa kwemwanakomana wake pachako kwaizova chiitiko chinonyadzisa. Nokudaro, pane chikonzero chekutenda kuti akarayira kubata neAlexxei pachine nguva. Imwe nzira kana imwe, asi chokwadi haina kuziva vana.

Mushure mokufa kwaAleksei Petrovich, chikwata chechikoro chekuona chakabuda pamusoro pezvikonzero zvemuyidhi wakaitika. Iyo inotsigira mukuti iye mugari wenhaka ainge atungamirirwa nevakuru vekare vekuMoscow vakashandura uye vanovenga mafundisi veTsar. Zvisinei, uchiziva mamiriro ose emakakatanwa, haugoni kudana kuti tsarevich mutengesi uye haufaniri kufunga nezvekuyera kwekutadza kwaPeter the Great pachake mumatambudziko.