Nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema yaro nezvimwe nenzvimbo zvinhu

Sea Black - imwe nzvimbo yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika yedu, zviri nemamwe uye ane yayo zvinonakidza zvinhu.

nzvimbo

Ndiyo Sea Black kumaodzanyemba reEurope chikamu Russia. Next pazviri pane ngetani kuCaucasus kumakomo.

The Sea Black iri bordered pamepu pamwe dzakawanda. Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. Nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema chinoyambuka muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia. The contours dzegungwa, unogona kuona sei zvakadzama nayo anocheka kupinda kuchamhembe Crimean kweItari. It chinobatanidza kunyange aine Gungwa duku Azov kuburikidza Kerch Strait.

tsananguro

Nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema iguru; zvinofungidzirwa kuti zviri akaenzana 422 zviuru mativi makiromita. ukoshi Izvi anofungidzirwa, dzimwe nhamba dziri dzimwe matsime. Nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema pachivara. ? km. - 436400 (kumwewo). The kunonyanyisa udzamu ndiyo 2210 metres, apo avhareji - 1240.

Gungwa nyayawo mhango yakaumbwa pakati South-Eastern Europe uye Asia Minor. Nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema sezvazvakanyorwa muzvikamu zviviri, mumwe kukurudzira diki, inova chikamu Crimean kweItari. Kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu rakafara yepamusoro pasherufu. Coast kweTurkey uye Georgia, zvakawanda twi mumipata uye canyons. udzamu guru Mahombekombe izvi kutanga kunyatsowirirana pane kuchamhembe. Nemhenderekedzo kweGungwa Dema - 4077 makiromita. Gungwa zvishoma kufanana denderedzwa kureba 1148 makiromita, wakafara makubhiti 615.

Kune bays shoma uye anenge asina nezvitsuwa. Izvi imhaka yokuti mvura pamwero anogara kuwedzera. Masayendisiti akaverenga kuti makore 100 ose, nzvimbo Gungwa Black inokura ne 25 masendimita. Zvaizoratidza sokuti pakukurumidza rakanyatsojeka diki, asi gungwa akatotanga vakakwanisa kupinza zvimwe guta.

muGungwa Dema guta

Russian Mahombekombe kuzhinji plesieroorde siyana. Panewo guta, remasangano kwavari - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk uye Anapa. Munguva ichangopfuura, imwe Russian simbi chinoshanda kuguta muGungwa Dema, riri kuCrimea (Kerch uye Sevastopol).

Sochi - the akanyanya kupisa nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema kuRussia. Pane vakawanda zuva, nyorovera chaizvo uye subtropical zvinomera.

In Sevastopol, tsime-akachengetedzwa antiikki yekare guta Hersonissos. Vazhinji Zvivako kuna Victory Great.

The nzira kubva kugungwa kusvika penyanza

Black Sea pamepu sokuti kure munyanza, kwazvinoita dzomunyika, asi ndezvaiye kuAtlantic. Kushambira kuti kubva pano, unofanira kuita kwenguva yakareba chaizvo nzira kubva kuGungwa Black kubudikidza Bosphorus kusvika Marmara uye kuburikidza ari Dardanelles kusvika reAegean uye Gungwa reMediterranean, uye chete pashure kuti unogona kuwana kuburikidza Gibraltar kupinda Atlantic Ocean.

Climate

Okunze ndiko Continental. Features chokuita yaro womukati mamiriro ezvinhu egungwa. Crimea uye Caucasus pamahombekombe anodzivirirwa mhepo inotonhora kuchamhembe, saka okunze zvikuru munyoro, Mediterranean. The pamasimba Atlantic Ocean zvakunoita ekunze. Kubva kuchamhembe uye kumadokero kuuya madutu, kazhinji vauye kunonaya. Dzimwe nguva mhepo yokuchamhembe ndiwo simba zvakadaro, kuti makomo musava chipingamupinyi kwaari. Inonzi "Boron". Anobudisa chando. The veko akamuti "Nord-OST".

Biota

Mugungwa pane siyana algae. Ndicho shava, girini, tsvuku uye vamwe, uye vanosvika 270 marudzi. Uyewo pane unogona kuwana 600 mhando phytoplankton. Mumvura mupenyu payo sezvo vanonzi noctiluca scintillans - alga ichi, rine phosphorus.

The fauna of kweGungwa Dema hazvigoni kuenzaniswa fauna of reMediterranean. Zviri musha 2,500 marudzi, sezvo muMediterranean - 9000 Zvikonzero murombo mhuka: rehydrogen sulfide panguva huru yakadzika, mvura yakawanda inotonhora uye hombe zvakawanda salinity. Naizvozvo, Gungwa Black chete undemanding mhuka kurarama mumvura isina kudzika. Pazasi mhenyu mussels, oysters, pects, dzemugungwa rapana. Goko tichivashanyira rinounza pamahombekombe. Pakati mabwe magakanje kurarama, kuti shrimp anowanika. Kune mamwe marudzi muramba - Aurelia uye Rhizostoma. Pakati hove zvinonyatsozivikanwa anozivikanwa: mullet, mackerel, seflounder, gungwa Ruff, Black uye Azov herring. hove Chinonyanya ngozi iri gungwa dhiragoni. Mhuka vanomirirwa marudzi maviri Dolphins: nevakawanda Dolphin uye bottlenose Dolphin - uyewo porpoises uye chena-bellied chisimbiso.

The Zvinoumba mvura yegungwa

Water muGungwa Dema riri wakawanda, ane shungu aftertaste. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuwedzera yavaibvisa chloride mu murwiyo kunosanganisira chloride uye magnesium sulphate. Uyezve, mvura ine 60 makemikari.

The chikamu chikuru bhuku rine rehydrogen sulfide. Kazhinji, muRugwaro zvirimo mvura panguva huru pakadzika (pamusoro 150 metres). Rehydrogen sulfide achiumbwa kubudikidza manyowa kubva zvomumvura zvipenyu. Sea Black akasiyana nevamwe pakuti ari pakadzika zvikuru hapana algae kana mhuka zvomumvura. Rarama ikoko sarufa utachiona chete. Dzimwe panguva dutu rehydrogen sulfide asunungurwa saka vagere pachiwi anogona kunzwa hachifadzi kunhuwa.

Black Sea munyika dzakasiyana

The Sea Black anonzi vanhu vakawanda kudaro, pasinei vasingaverengeki noruvara dzakasiyana ekunze, kubva nerima rwegirini kuchiedza rwebhuruu. VaGiriki vekare akaritumidza Pontasi Axinus, iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "negostepreimnoe" kana "dema." Paiva aiomerwa wekushandisa uye pamahombekombe inogarwa zvemo utsinye. Colonists zvakasangana rwakashata ekunze, akadai bvungapfunga uye dutu. Kana vaGiriki pakupedzisira Inoziva gungwa ichi, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa ivo Pont Euxine, kuti ndiye "nomutsa".

In nemabhuku emabasa Rus yekare inonzi gungwa wokuRussia kana dzimwe nguva muSitia. Mune dzimwe manyuko unogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro chii yaimbonzi gungwa haisi dema, uye Red, kuti ndiye akanaka.

The vokuTurkey akaitumidza gungwa Karadengiz - "yaisazoraramika". Zvichida nokuti chete chikonzero sezvo kuti vaGiriki.