Kunyudza mafuta: tsananguro, kushandiswa uye zvaunofunga

Kunyudza nemaziso akataura nzira kunosanganisira kutanga mudziyo pakati izvo uye chinhu pasi chidzidzo chinokosha zvokunwa. Inopa kupenya enhancement nokuwedzera Zoom miganhu. Nokudaro, chinhu kunogona zvikuru pedyo uye kuongorora duku zvinhu zvayo, pasina kuchinja Hardware. Nokudaro, mvura kunyudza anonzi. The siyana yeimwe anogona kuita naye. . The kupfuura mukurumbira anonzi mafuta kunyudza. Funga mamiriro ayo zvizere.

tsananguro

Wokutanga mafuta kunyudza microscopy nemisidhari. Zvisinei, izvozvo akanga nemhinganidzo yakakura. With ehupfumi ayo kusanduka nenguva, uye hazvibviri kuwana zvinodiwa zvabuda. Outdoor mvura yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma thicken (kusvika solidification). Saizvozvowo, kushandura uye refractive indekisi. . Muzana remakore rechi20 vakatanga kubudisa chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta kunyudza. In mvura iyi kumbova kushayikwa pamusoro.

Kunyudza mafuta: Standards

Key Urume parameters vari panzvimbo GOST 13739-78. обладает: Maererano mureza, mafuta kunyudza ane:

• refractive indekisi nd it = 1,515 ± 0.001;
• transmittance ari spectral siyana kubvira 500 kusvika 700 nm pane marongera Ukobvu 1 mm - 95%, kubva 400 kusvika 480 nanometers - 92%;

, считается 20 градусов. The tembiricha optimum panguva iyo mafuta kunyudza, vaiona madhigirii 20 angashandiswa. Panewo mitemo dzakawanda. Maererano ISO 8036/1, ari refractive Indekisi 1.518 + 0.0005, transmittance pane paiva 10 mm nokuti spectral siyana kubvira 500 kusvika 760 nanometers - 95%, uye nenguva 400 nm - 60%.

. Akati parameters anoenderana non-fluorescent mafuta kunyudza. In mureza ISO 8036-1 / 2 vakatsunga mvura zviratidzi luminescence. transmittance ari spectral siyana kubvira 500 kusvika 700 nm mune paiva 10 mm ndiyo 95%, kubva 365 kusvika 400 nanometers - 60%.

Difficulties parameters kusabvumirana

musiyano Detectable ari wo zvinodiwa kungaita kuti vanotaura nezvevamwe izvo nokushandisa nonconforming nayo mvura mvura. Somugumisiro:

1. Akaderedza Kusiyana nokuda panowanikwa idenderedzwa aberration.
2. Mavara munda uri chinhu pasi kudzidza.
3. The jekeso ari chinhu ndege uye akadzidza munzvimbo paumbwe mufananidzo ayo anova gogonera.
4. The mufananidzo anova Blurred.

nuances

Optical nemaikorosikopu vane yokumusoro panogumira kugadzirisa simba zvishoma kupfuura ka100. Panguva iyi sandara, nezvibereko zvomunda bvunzo yacho chiedza zvinofanira high quality. Zvikasadaro, kunoguma mufananidzo rima, zvokuti funga chinhu hazvitomboiti. Chokwadi chokuti refraction uye kupararira chiedza kunoitika pakati pabutiro girazi uye izvo. mafuta kunyudza inosimudzira zvikuru kubatwa kwayo. Somugumisiro, mufananidzo kuchijeka.

refractive Features

Sei Kunyatsoona? The siyana runyararo chiedza refraction kunoitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pakona rimwe refraction yemwaranzi mudenga uye girazi zvakasiyana. In yokutanga nyaya chikamu 1.0, wechipiri - 1.5. Iri ndiro dambudziko huru.

Kushandisa mafuta kunogona kuderedza refractive indekisi pamusoro nemwaranzi nomunyika chinhu pasi kudzidza. Chokwadi chokuti mvura ine parameters sezvo girazi. Izvi zvinoguma homogeneous svikiro pakati nemasiraidhi uye izvo, uye vakawanda chiedza nomunyika chinhu anopinda mudziyo. Saka kuwana mufananidzo wakajeka.

rwokugadzira nyaya

Kazhinji, lenses anoshongwa dzaizopiwa kunyudza varipo achiita zvokutemera Oil. The chaizvo ichocho rinoshandiswa kana kunodiwa aperture kubva 1.0 kana kupfuura. "Kunyudza" lenses kwakadaro inoshandiswa zvakananga kunyudza mu mvura. Panyaya iyi, vari nechisimbiso zvakazara. Izvi zvinopa yakakwirira kudzivirira kukuvara lenses mafuta.

kupatsanura

In tsika, kuti viscosities maviri anoshandiswa mafuta: kumusoro (mhando B) uye rakadzika (A). Kazhinji pamusoro pasuru unogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro refractive indekisi. оэффициент преломления которого равен 1.515. Somuenzaniso, kusunungurwa mafuta kunyudza (100 ml), kuti izvo refractive indekisi iri 1,515 oeffitsient. Liquid kuva pasi viscosity, rinoshandisirwa airspace, uye yakakwirira - pamwe condensers.

Terms mashandisiro

Kuti tiwane mufananidzo wakajeka chinhu, unofanira kutevera nokururamisira nyore mirayiridzo:

1. Find kudzidza nyaya mubato pakati kusango nenguva yakaderera magnification. Nokuda kwaizvozvi izvo chinhu chiduku reshiyo.
2. Vhura wokurarama mudziyo.
3. Pinda 100 nguva izvo kupinda nzvimbo.
4. Isa kuderera mafuta pamusoro yemasiraidhi girazi, wechipiri - pamusoro izvo.
5. Chinja nekubata kure wakanaka pfungwa kusvikira Kunyatsoona chinhu.

At basa zvakafanira kungwarira. Zvakakosha kudzivirira mhepo kupinda pakati pabutiro girazi uye izvo.

Oil kunyudza "MiniMed"

The Urume rinoshandiswa kana kushanda achromatic uye apochromatic lenses upi mhando zvokushandisa, kuwedzera fluorescent. Maererano nenyanzvi, kushandisa mafuta ichi kunyudza, ine nhamba anobatsira zvivako. Liquid anovandudza maonero ane chinhu, waanodzikisira kudzvokora, kurasikirwa chiedza uye Manyiminya aberrations. Kushandiswa mafuta yekudyidzana anowedzera kuwanda michina nzira.

rokuchenesa midziyo

Pashure pokushanda namafuta kunyudza anofanira kuiswa kuti mudziyo. Cleaning inofanira chinozoiswa pamberi izvo yakaoma. kuchenesa gogorosi paper rinoshandiswa kuti kubviswa residues mafuta. Akakungurutsira mashizha anatswa, vose girazi pamusoro. Gogorosi bepa inonyorovesa rinokosha mhinduro uye kubvisa mafuta asara.

nhoroondo mashoko

musayendisiti wokutanga kutsanangurira mashandiro vanobhabhatidzwa, aiva Robert guk. Muna 1678 akabudisa bhuku rake Microscopium, umo vose tsanangudzo akapiwa. Muna 1812, vanobhabhatidzwa kwave wakatangwa senzira chokururamisa izvo aberration. Munyori pfungwa raiva David Byuster. Inenge muna 1840 zvakanzi yabudisa yokutanga kunyudza lenses. Musiki wavo aiva db Amici. Pakutanga, sezvo kunyudza fluid vaongorori vaishandisa mafuta anise. The refractive indekisi yaiva pedyo kuti regirazi.