Sechivako muchitokisi centre. Structural zviri muchitokisi centre

Zvinonzi kwakaratidza kuti masero eukaryotic zvipenyu zviri kukurukurwa hurongwa membranes, organelles achiumba mapuroteni uye phospholipid sezvamunoita. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu pane chinokosha anosara. Two organelle (masero centre uye ribosome), uyewo organelles inofamba (cilia uye flagella) vari non-Kamudzira mamiriro. Chii vakaumba? In neKwayedza tichaedza kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, uyewo kudzidza maumbirwo masero sero centre, anowanzonzi centrosome.

kana masero ane zvose sero centre

Wokutanga chokwadi kuti masayendisiti vanofarira - ndiko tingasarudza pamberi organelle ichi. Saka, yakaderera notumwe - Chytridiomycota - uye dzakakwirira miti hazvisi. Sezvo zvinoitika, algae, mumasero dzevanhu uye mhuka dzakawanda pamberi sero centre zvakafanira effectuate ari dzinotsanagura mitosis uye meiosis. Nzira yokutanga kugoverana masero somatic, uye mumwe - pabonde. Fanira ubatanidzwe zvose pezvakaitwa nyasha centrosome. Siyana centrioles zvayo matanda panoparadzana musero uye tensioning chokurukisa therebetween uye mberi inopa filaments chromosome kurerekera pemavara izvi uye matanda amai muchitokisi.

Zvidzidzo nemaziso akazivisa zvinhu sero muzinda chacho. It unotora kubva mumwe miviri akawanda gobvu - centrioles umo diverge fanwise microtubules. Tichadzidza muudzame chitarisiko uye urongwa muchitokisi centre.

Centrosome mumasero interphase

In upenyu kunoita masero ose sero centre anogona kuonekwa munguva inonzi interphase. Pedyo musimboti Kamudzira inowanzopiwa kurongwa maviri microcylinder. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ine mapuroteni tubules unganidzwa zvidimbu zvitatu (vatatu). Vapfumbamwe zvivako izvi kuumba pemvura centrioles. Kana vaviri (izvo zvinoitika kazhinji), vari kunzvimbo kune mumwe kurudyi pamakona. Panguva upenyu pakati zvamapoka maviri sero mamiriro iri nechepakati Sero anoita zvakafanana mune eukaryotes zvose.

The ultrastructure of centrosome

Kudzidza zvakadzama sechivako sero centre rwakakwaniswa nokushandisa imwe Erekitironi maikorosikopu. Masayendisiti akawana kuti centrosome sepombi vane zvinotevera kukura: kureba - 0.3-0.5 microns, dhayamita - 0.2 microns. Number centrioles hako kaviri pamberi nokupesana. Izvi zvakakodzera kuitira kuti zvikuru amai uye mwanasikana masero yaunganidzwa kupatsanura sero centre, iine centrioles maviri. Zvakakurukurwa muchitokisi Nhongonya nemamiriro iri ndechokuti centrioles kuti kunobvumirwa nayo, havana kufanana, mumwe wavo - vakuru (mai) - rine mamwe zvinhu: peritsentriolyarny Satellite uye ayo zvinoshandiswa. Saibva centriole ane nzvimbo chaiyo inonzi cartwheel.

Maitiro centrosomes panguva mitosis

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kukura muviri, uyewo wayo kubereka ndepana zvokutanga chairema mhuka pamwero, inova foni. Cell mamiriro, nzvimbo uye kushanda muchitokisi, uyewo yaro organelles cytology vaiona. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vanotsvakurudza ichiitwa vakawanda tsvakurudzo, sero centre achiri havaratidzi kunzwisiswa, kunyange zvazvo basa rayo muchitokisi nokupesana elucidated zvachose. At prophase pakati mitosis uye meiosis mu prophase pakati meiosis centrioles diverge akananga matanda mai muchitokisi, uye mberi paumbwe neshinda chokurukisa. Ivo vachikoshesa kuna centromeres okutodza zvikuru constriction. Nei zvichikosha?

Anaphase chokurukisa Sero

Kuedza zviri Boveri, Neil A. nemamwe masayendisiti yakasimbiswa kuti nemamiriro sero centre uye ayo mabasa vari zvinodyidzana. Kuvapo centrioles vaviri, dambudziko anoda panyaya matanda pamakamuri, uye shinda chokurukisa therebetween chendangariro ane kunyange kuparadzirwa okutodza zvakabatana microtubules, mumwe nomumwe mubereki sero matanda.

Nokudaro, mashoko okutodza nhamba zvakafanana mwanasikana masero kuburikidza mitosis kana hafu (mu meiosis) kupfuura repakutanga mubereki sero. Kunyanya dzinonakidza ndechokuti sechivako sero centre uye correlative kuchinja chokuita nzendo foni upenyu kutenderera.

Chemical kuongorora organelles

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kushanda uye basa centrosome kudzidza, ndezvipi Organic yeimwe zvinosanganisirei kwayo sezvamunoita. Sezvaigona kutarisirwa, vari kutungamirira mapurotini. Zvakakwana kuyeuka kuti muchitokisi Kamudzira marongerwo uye kushanda vari zvakare novimba pamberi peptide mamorekuru mairi. Cherechedza kuti mune centrosome mapurotini nhaka motility. Ivo chikamu microtubules vanonzi tubulins. Kudzidza kwokunze uye munyika nemamiriro muchitokisi centre, isu kutaurwa webetsero zvinhu: peritsentriolyarnye satellites uye zvinoshandiswa centrioles. Zvinosanganisira tseneksin uye miritsitin.

Panewo mapuroteni kuti waidzora kupanana zvinhu organelle. kinase ichi uye phosphatase - yakananga peptides anokonzera microtubule nucleation, kureva kuti paumbwe yezviri Morekuru-mbeu, iyo inotanga kwetunhu TOUR kukura uye microfilaments.

Cell centre somunhu murongi fibrous mapuroteni

In cytology pakupedzisira kusimbisa kunzwisisa centrosome sezvo mukuru organelle anokonzera paumbwe microtubules. Nemhaka pooling zvidzidzo K. Fultonamozhno nharo kuti sero centre hunopa izvi nenzira ina. Somuenzaniso: polymerizing filaments chokurukisa, achiumba protsentrioley, kutanga TOUR hurongwa microtubules ose interphase masero, uye pakupedzisira, kwetunhu zvinhu zviri zvikuru cilium. dzidzo ichi chinokosha, izvo maitire nokuda mubereki centrioles. By kudzidza marongerwo uye kushanda muchitokisi Kamudzira, vaongorori vanoona pasi Erekitironi maikorosikopu muchitokisi centre pashure mitotic muchitokisi nokupesana, kana pakutanga mitosis. The G2 padanho interphase uyewo mukutanga zvokukura prophase cilium nokupera. Maererano makemikari anoumba, inoitwa mamorekuru uye tubulin chiratidzo iyo inogona pakutsvaga vakura mubereki centriole. Sezvo kuibvisa kuti centrosomes zvinoitika? Funga zvose nuances izvi kwacho.

Mumatanho inotungamirwa centrioles

Cytology yakasimbiswa kuti chikamu uye mubereki centrioles, achiumba diplosomu havasi zvakafanana mune mamiriro. Nokudaro, vakura mamiriro masa rukoko peritsentriolyarnogo fuma - mitotic denderedzwa rechiedza. Full kuibvisa mwanasikana centrioles achatora yakareba kupfuura nguva mumwe kutenderera masero upenyu. Panoperera padariro wechipiri sero kutenderera G1 itsva centriole kare kunoshanda murongi microtubules uye vanokwanisa wezvamatongerwe chokurukisa shinda, uye zvakare kuti paumbwe unyanzvi organelle kufamba. Kunogona cilia uye flagella zvichiitika unicellular majemusi (semuenzaniso, Euglena mutema, ciliate-shangu), uye vazhinji algae Chlamydomonas muenzaniso. Flagella microtubules akaumba kuburikidza muchitokisi centre, akashongedzerwa vakawanda algae spores uye nembeu masero zvemhuka uye vanhu.

Basa centrosome muchitokisi basa

Takaona kuti rimwe duku cellular organelles (Zvinotora asingasviki 1% kwamakamuri) kunokosha aitungamirira basa iri metabolic mitemo zvose chirimwa uye mhuka masero. Vachivavhiringidza zviri chokurukisa rinobatanidza paumbwe masero mukunda majini chakaremara. nemhando dzavo okutodza vakasiyana inowanzotorwa mari, zvichiita kuti chromosomal aberrations. Somugumisiro - kukura kanganisika vanhu kana rufu rwavo. Mukurapa, yakasimbiswa kuti ukama uwandu centrioles nechirwere. Somuenzaniso, kana inowanzotorwa ganda masero ane centrioles maviri, ari biopsy rinenge panguva kenza ganda kunoratidza kuwedzera nokuwanda kusvikira 4,6. Zvabuda ava uchapupu kiyi basa centrosome iri kudzorwa muchitokisi weboka. Recent experimental Data zvinoratidza basa rinokosha kuti organelle ichi vari dzinotsanagura intracellular zvifambiso. The yakasiyana nemamiriro sero centre anobvumira kuti kugadziridzwa somunhu chimiro masero, uye ayo shanduko. Kazhinji nekukudziridza centrosome dzakabatana iri pedyo Golgi midziyo, pedo musimboti, uye pamwechete navo rinopa integrative uye achipa chiratidzo mashandiro ari Implementation pamusoro mitosis, meiosis, uye chiite sero rufu - apuptoza. Ndokusaka ano cytological vaiona inokosha inobatanidza centrosome organelle masero, riri basa zvose kupesana zvayo, muviri yose zvayo.