Prince Yury of Moscow: Biography, nhoroondo, utungamiriri uye mitemo

Yury of Moscow (1281-1325) akanga ari mwanakomana mukuru Prince Daniel of Moscow Alexandrovich uye muzukuru mukuru Aleksandra Nevskogo. Pakutanga kutonga muna Pereslavl, uye ipapo muMoscow, pamwe 1303 Panguva kwake akanga vagare pamwe Tver kuti kubatanidzwa Russia pasi ake murayiro.

Kurwirana utongi

Nepo musoro Grand Prince Vladimir akapa muridzi wayo ane husingakuvadzi risina parinogumira simba munharaunda Russian kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nyika. Motokari ake kwainzi mutongi hune uye aiva nekodzero dzokurasa panguva yayo kungwara, vose vemauto ehondo zvinowanikwa panguva vatongi vari pasi ayo, uye angatonga navo uye vatore mutero kubva panyika pasi pake. Uyezve, paiva neimwe ropafadzo: pasinei nokurasikirwa rokutonga kukuru, riri zvakazara rakaramba pachavo nyika yemadzitateguru.

Khans, akavapindurawo, vane zvavanofarira pano. Achipa Chikwata pamusoro Vladimir hugota, vakarayira kuti wacho nokuda hwusina basa rake kune zvinodiwa Golden Horde. Ndokusaka mukuru vatongi venyika Russian havasi kuva machinda simba kupfuura, sezvo khans vakaedza kugara panzvimbo ino pusa uye vanoteerera mutongi wavo. Asi kunyange mumaoko zvikuru akavimbika kuna Horde yokudimbudzira kuna Grand Duke haana kugara kwenguva refu. Khans panyaya iyi yaiva mutemo iyo nguva dzose kwakatungamirira internecine hondo wevamiriri anoverengeka mapazi akasiyana pamusoro Rurik. Muna 1304 airwisana uyu akapinda uye muchinda Yuriy Danilovich Moskovsky.

Chikuva itsva hondo

The chikuru aikwikwidza of Moscow akatanga Tver mumunhu Prince Mihaila Yaroslavicha, izvo muverengwe sekuru babamunini hama dzose Danilovich. kwavabati ake panguva kwainzi kupfuura simba, uye uchapupu ichi ndivo vakawanda mberi akaita navo kuramba internecine hondo. Zviya, Moscow nguva, uyewo mamwe Russian kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nyika, akapa nzira dzinenge kose.

A itsva ose internecine kukakavara rakatanga muna 1304, pashure pokufa Grand Prince Andrei Alexandrovich. Kana mukoma wake, Prince Daniel of Moscow, akafa asati zvaakaita, nzvimbo iyi yaizodai dangwe Yuri. Asi iyi mamiriro ezvinhu aizviwana muzukuru Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy, uyo akava wokutanga vatongi yekare, akagamuchira Chikwata kubva Khan. To muchinda uyu akaenda Horde tariro kuti musoro, uye pamwe pacho, uye Pereslavl.

Solution Khan Uzbek

Nechikonzero chimwe chete shure Mikhail pamusoro Tver uye akateverwa Grand Duke. Asi nenzira, wechipiri wavo mukana anenge akanga asina. Chokwadi chokuti Daniil Moskovsky haana Chikwata pamusoro ushe zvikuru, saka vana vake vakasagona vanoti akadaro mukuru rokuremekedza. Sezvineiwo, ichi chinotaurwa zvakajeka iyoyo patrimonial kodzero. Asi, pasinei ichi, Mihail Tverskoy vasingafariri makwikwi kubva muduku Duke of Moscow, saka akatuma varume vake kuti vamusunge muna Suzdal.

Sezvazvakanyorwa mubhuku yaMakoronike, zvakanga pamusoro ndechokuti muna 1305 Mihail Yaroslavich vachiri akamuka Khan kuti chitaridzi pamusoro ushe guru Vladimir. Saka, kusarudza Yechinwiwa Horde dzakawira dangwe mumhuri, asi haana kumbogamuchira atenderwa pachinhu Pereslavl. Kusava nechokwadi Izvi zvakakonzera imwe yaizotangira ruvengo pakati Mikhail pamusoro Tver uye Moscow Yuri.

Chikwata pamusoro ushe huru

Muna 1315 Horde Khan, achipindura kuti vakawanda zvichemo Mihaila Tverskogo, akadana Muchinda Moscow. Yury of Moscow paiva kwemakore anenge maviri uye panguva iyoyo vakakwanisa kuhwina chivimbo uye nyasha Uzbek kuitira kuti muna 1317 ari gavhuna vakasarudza kumupa kuroorwa hanzvadzi yake Konchak kuti musi Orthodox manyorerwo akatanga kudana Agafia. chipo muchato yaiva Chikwata nokuda muduku, yaakanga akapa kuna Prince Yuri. Kubvira Mihail Yaroslavich akarasikirwa zita rake Grand Duke Vladimir.

Mugore iroro Mugore Sarai Berke Yury of Moscow nomudzimai wake uye Tartar mauto pasi murayiro Kavgadaya akaenda shure. Kutonga nezvinooneka zvakazoitika, masimba paupamhi chaizvo zvakapiwa richangobva akaita muchinda Vladimir. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Mihailu Tverskomu aisada kuparadzana nesimba, asi panguva imwe chete aitya chero zvakaoma kunzwisisa zviri ukama Horde. Naizvozvo, pashure Nhaurirano pfupi, aichimbova muchinda Vladimir akamanikidzwa kurega musoro uye kudzokera kunyika yemadzitateguru avo.

The hondo Tver

Ushe Yuri Danilovich akatanga nepfungwa yokuti, pasinei ose zvichemo waMikaeri, iye achiri akaenda Tver hondo. Muna 1318, akaunganidza hondo yake yose uye vatsigire Horde Kavgadaya akaswedera zvinenge pamasuwo eguta. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti Tver rakagara mawa kurwisa kubva kumativi maviri: kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva zvichanzi vakarwiswa Yuri Danilovich, akarayira Suzdal uye Moscow Ratiu, uye kubva kuchamhembe-kumadokero ranwa Novgorod. Asi urongwa haana kupedzwa. Chokwadi chokuti vanhu Novgorod havana kuuya nguva, uye gare gare zvose vayanana Michael, akatendeuka mauto ake shure. Achiona izvi, Kavgaday Suzdal uye aida kubata uye kudzokera.

Kwakadaro zvinhu Yury Danilovich wake Horde shamwari kwakakonzera kuti muchinda Moscow akasiya mumwe musi mumwe chete Tver Ratiu. In nemabhuku emabasa chiitiko ichi vakati kuti kana paiva "nokuuraya kukuru". Sezvaigona kutarisirwa, Yuri muhondo iyi, uye pamwe vakasara hondo yake vakatiza, uye Mihail Yaroslavich vakatapa varwi vakawanda, uyewo wake Agafia (Konchak), izvo nokukurumidza akafa muutapwa. mashoko echokwadi pamusoro zvinokonzera rufu kwake ikoko. Pashure paizvozvo, maererano mashoko rugare chibvumirano, vose muchinda aifanira kuenda Horde.

Achipa Mihaila Tverskogo

Kubva pakutanga zvaiva pachena kuti nehanya kwakadaro Khan Prince asingakanganwiri. Mihail Yaroslavich akaedza kuwiriranisa pamwe-refu nguva muvengi wake uye vadzosere nzvimbo Horde. Sent kuMoscow kwavari, Ambassador Oleksa Marković varayirwa Yuri Danilovich akaurayiwa, pashure iro muchinda pamwe Kavgadaem akakurumidza kuenda Khan. Patakasvika, chavaimupomera Michael hurumende, yokuvanda muripo uye rufu Princess Agafya. dare Khan ari iye mhosva uye akatongerwa rufu. November 22, 1318 akaendeswa kushanda.

Ponesai gwaro - "Tver nyaya" akanyorwa baba Prince Michael zvokunamata. Mutsa abbot Alexander anodana Moscow Yuri mudziyo mumaoko Khan. Anoti muchinda chaizvoizvo akaita dare sechinhu muchuchisi Mikhail Yaroslavich. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vakafa vanhu vagara airemekedzwa segamba, saka iye muna 1549 kubudikidza Mutongo Second Moscow Council akanga somusande.

nhaurwa itsva

Mushure kuurayiwa muchinda Tver rokutonga Yuri Danilovich yaiva nekaupenyu kunyarara kwamamwe makore maviri. Muna 1321, zvakava pachena kuti chainetsa hazvingadziviswi. Chokwadi kuti kubva pakuteerera ake akatanga kusiya vanakomana Michael, dangwe vacho, Dmitriy Tverskoy, akatanga kutaura dzinofunga yavo yakakwirira rokuremekedza pachena. kunetsana ichi pakati machinda maviri kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti Tatars akaenda zvakare kuti hondo Russia. Uyezve, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuunganidza mutero Khan. Against ichi, muna Rostov akamuka ndiripo kumukira, saka Yuri Danilovich aifanira kushandisa simba rechiuto.

Pakupedzisira mutero asi rakanga aunganidzwa, asi vamwe chikonzero, muchinda akanga kumbobvira vakapfuura mumaoko Kavgadaya. Asi, iye nezvose zvake zviri yechando 1321 akaenda Novgorod kune munin'ina wake. In zvemadzimambo pasina tsananguro kuti chiito ichi muchinda. Vanyori venhau vanoti izvi zvakaitwa nokungwaririra, uye chikamu yakaunganidzwa mari yakati ari kurwa yeSweden. Ayo kacho Horde vaiona achimunyima mutero mhosva mukurusa. Created chinzvimbo pakarepo akatora Dmitriy Mihaylovich Tverskoy, remadunhurirwa rokuti meso vanotyisa, uye mumatsutso 1322 ari Uzbek akamupa Chikwata, nokudaro nokunyima hurumende yake ekare-law.

Muchinda Moskovskiy Yuriy Danilovich zvakare

tsanangura muchidimbu upenyu hwake ramangwana kungafanana ichi: nguva yokutanga akamanikidzwa kutiza, sezvo Mhedziso simba ikozvino akanga akaipisisa vavengi ayo - Vanakomana Mihaila Yaroslavicha Tverskogo. Pakutanga akanga avanda muPskov, Novgorod uye ipapo, kwaaigara 1322 kuti 1324.

Yury of Moscow kwakaita wokumwe mutemo izvo akaratidza zvakajeka kuti zvose kuti haana kuziva ushe Dmitriya Tverskogo, ave achishingaira muchirongwa zvose dzenyika, uye akanga achiri anozviita of Grand Duke. Uyezve, ndiye akarwa yeSweden, uye akavaita anonzi Orekhovets Treaty, uyo wakadzikwa muganhu pakati Sweden uye Novgorod. Kubudikidza kuitira ake pamusoro nzvimbo Neva River kubva Lake Ladoga Fort Oreshek zvakanzi avaka, iyo yakava inokosha kuzvidzivirira chinhu uye kanopfuura kamwe akaponesa Russian munyika kubva kutyiswa kupambwa kwaro yokumwe nechisimba mumakore anouya.

Kazhinji, Yuri Danilovich aiva rudo norugare-yokumwe mutemo, sezvo akaedza kurarama munyika sezvo yeSweden, uye Golden Horde. Zvisinei, kana zvinhu, aigona kutakura uye akabudirira nemauto chiito. Muenzaniso uyu unogona kushanda rutsigiro wake Ustyug. Pano akatsigira zvinodiwa vanhu Novgorod, uyo akatambura dzakawanda forays ustyuzhan.

Kupondwa Yuri Danilovich

Dmitriy Tverskoy, pashure pokudzidza kuti kufora musi Ustyug Prince akaenda Horde, akakurumidza pashure pake. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti Yuri Danilovich okleveschet here sezvinongoitawo baba vangu. Both machinda akanga chaizvo kwenguva refu kugara Horde, vakamirira mutongo pamusoro Khan. Nokukurumidza vakanga vakabatana mukoma Dmitriya Tverskogo, Alexander. Zvinofungirwa kuti akanga aunza chikwereti Saransk moneylenders kuti kuvatorera zvikwereti zvitsva.

Muna 1325, kureva, November 22, chaizvo makore manomwe kuti zuva vafa munyika Horde Mihail Tverskoy, Dmitry uye baba Alexander. Nokuti hama, ichi musi vatema haana chete zuva rendangariro uye kuchema, asi kutsiva. Chokwadi chokuti uri avaida musangano vavengi maviri vasingawirirani - Dmitry vanotyisa maziso uye Yuri Danilovich. Kana kwaiva njodzi inouraya uye kuti zvose zvakanga nzira, hazvina kuzivikanwa. Chete Nikon Chronicle rinoti Dmitry Mikhailovich akauraya Yuri Danilovich, achitarisira kuti nyasha namambo Uzbek uye nhaka nzvimbo uye mari muchinda akashaya. A anozivikanwa wenhoroondo Russian V. N. Tatischev, uyo akararama panguva kwezana XVII uye XVIII emakore, muzvinyorwa ake akaita kubvuma kuti akanga hapana kunze kutsiva baba vake Svoge.

rokuzvidavirira

Dmitry Mikhailovich, vavesa lynching, aitarisira kuti Khan achakanganwira kwaari nzira yakadaro, nokuti zvinozivikanwa kuti pakazosvika nguva Prince Yury of Moscow chagara kubva nyasha mutongi Horde. Zvisinei, kufanana yomudzvinyiriri wechokwadi, Uzbeks aigona kuregerera vaanotonga yakawanda, asi kwete nehanya. Saka chinhu chokutanga Akaudza kutumira mutumbi akapondwa Prince of Moscow kunyika yokumusha kwake, uye akarayira kuti asungwa mhondi.

Mutongo Khan aifanira kumirira kwerinenge gore. Somugumisiro, Dmitriy Tverskoy, akatongerwa rufu. Hungava chinoshamisa sezvineiwo, kana panguva chero paangodira of Uzbek Khan, chete Prince kunyimwa upenyu pazuva rokuberekwa kwake - September 15, 1326, paaiva nemakore 28 chete okuberekwa. Sezvo Chronicle, naye vakaurayiwa uye mumwe muchinda Russian - Aleksandra Novosilskogo. Ungangove, vakanga shamwari dzepedyo uye pamwechete vakagadzira kupondwa Yuri Danilovich.

Kusimbisa of Grand Duchy of Moscow

Akapedzisa puranga, tinogona kutaura kuti Yuri Danilovich, womukati mutemo iyo zvachose akanga akaisa pfungwa centralization uye nokuumba simba simba, haana kurasa chero nyika vakawana kamwe ari nhaka kubva baba vake. Mukupesana, iye kunyange vakakwanisa kuwedzera navo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1303, akanga akabatana hugota Mozhaisk, papera makore maviri, Pereslavl, uye muna 1311 uye Nizhny Novgorod, apo zvadaro hunotongwa mukoma wake Boris. Muna 1320 Yuriy Moskovsky akaenda kundorwa Ryazan Prince Ivan Yaroslavich kuti kuisa zvinhu zvake zvakawanda uye Kolomna.