Sulfides uye hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide uye Ammonium sulfide

By sulphides zvinosanganisira makemikari uye inorganic makemikari, mumwe sarufa atomu waro Morekuru dzinoenderana dzimwe simbi kana vasiri simbi. For inorganic sulfides zvinowanzoitika yeimwe vari rehydrogen sulfide (H2S), kuva mukirasi acids uye Ammonium sulfide (payakavakirwa (NH4) 2S), kuva mukirasi munyu. Uyewo sulfides chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye nonmetals C talk payakavakirwa KxSy (apo K - iri resimbi kana nonmetal nokuo- nga, uye S - acidic rehydrogen sulphide vakasara, X uye Y - uwandu cations simbi anions zviri iine acid moiety iri Morekuru ukuwo), kureva boka munyu. Somuenzaniso, simbi sulfide (II) Fes. Organic sulfides - a kemikari, mumwe sarufa atomu pachinhu Morekuru dzavo chokuita yeHydrocarbon radicals. Izvi mercaptides (thioethers) ari vakawanda payakavakirwa RSR ', uye R uye R' - yeHydrocarbon radicals.

makemikari ose vane mamorekuru ane simbi atomu, uye maatomu vamwe vasiri simbi (Boron B, phosphorus P, nesilicon Si, Arsenic Sezvo), chokuita kuti sarufa atomu (S) ane mwero oxidation akaenzana kubvisa 2, kazhinji vaiona munyu H2S rehydrogen sulphide . Inorganic sulfides (kunze H2S), semuenzaniso, sulfide, Ammonium sulfide kana Boron, uneshongedzo yokuva avhareji munyu, sezvo zvose hydrogen sulphide iine acid rehydrogen maatomu zvatsiviwa dzimwe cations. Kana hydrogen sulphide iri acid, mumwe chete atomu kuchatsiviwa cations (ndiro kwese kuti alkaline pasi uye alkali simbi), munyu chichagadzirirwa asidhi munyu. Mienzaniso inorganic hydrosulfides (bisulfide zvimwe) zvingava yeimwe akadai Ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS Formula) kana yavaibvisa hydrosulfide (NaHS). In hydrosulfides mamorekuru, mukusiyana kuti sulfide, kana iine acid anion vakasara ndiye HS-. Organic hydrosulfide zvinosanganisira mercaptans (thiols uye thioalcohols) ari vakawanda payakavakirwa RSH, apo R - yeHydrocarbon kukuru. Mercaptides uye mercaptans vanoonekwa ne zvakawanda Nomenclature, saka ivo zvinoda okuwedzera nezvawo.

sulfides Most vane inopenya coloring. In mvura zvakanaka soluble chete Ammonium sulfide uye sulfides ose alkali simbi. Munenge insoluble nemvura vasara simbi sulphides. Sezvo sulfides vari rehydrogen sulfide munyu kusimba acids, mvura-soluble vamiririri vavo zvinogona hydrolyzed. For sulfides inoumbwa nesimbi rurefu oxidation nehurumende kana, kana hydroxides dzavo simba nezvigadziko (semuenzaniso, Cr2S3, Al2S3, etc.), kazhinji hydrolysis Ndakatengesa irreversibly. Sulfides muri munyoro yokuderedza nevasori, sei pamwe mumhepo okisijeni panguva yakakwirira tembiricha kuti kuumba munyu, umo nesarufa atomu ane yepamusoro mwero oxidation, zvakadai sulfates nesarufa dioxide. Ammonium sulfide inoshandiswa mapikicha, ari Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Sulfides anoshandiswa sezvo semiconductor zvinhu, phosphors, mune zvokurapa, mune zvokurima.

The sulfides angabudiswa ne nzira yakasiyana. Ammonium sulfide (aizivikanwawo rimwe zita yomunyu ichi - diammonium sulfide) rinogadzirirwa nokuda zvokuverengera rehydrogen sulfide ane nekumwisa amoniya: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2S. More nemishonga inouraya munyu rehydrogen sulfide ndiyo simbi sulfide Fes, izvo chete inogona yaora kubudikidza kudziyisa mu vacuüm it kuti varuwane (ichi ndeimwe zhinji anozivikanwa nzira) nevanhu kusingarapiki maitiro nesarufa simbi: Fe + S → Fes.

Molecular kurema Ammonium sulfide uye 68,14. .. E M Gross-payakavakirwa of Hill ino anogona kunyorwa se: H8N2S. In chitarisiko afanane munyu Hauoneki crystals. Ammonium sulfide pa 20 ° C iri nyore soluble mumvura. Soluble mu panyaya iyi. Izvi hygroscopic fuma aigona rokutora unyoro. In vakasununguka mamiriro hauna kuwana Ammonium sulfide. Sezvo (NH4) 2S munyu iri isina, ipapo ayo aqueous mhinduro dziri pedyo uye nokudaro rehydrogen sulphide umbwa chaizvoizvo kuti musanganiswa NH3 uye NH4HS, uye aqueous zvingaitwa kuti (NH4) 2S chinhu Hauoneki mvura ane nekunhuhwira amoniya uye rehydrogen sulfide. The kuita anogadzirisa alkaline ane ph kuti 9.3. The crystals of hwakasimba munyu hazvibviri kusiyanisa, kunyange simba kutonhora mumushonga. Somugumisiro oxidation kubudikidza mumhepo okisijeni uye paumbwe polysulfides, Ammonium sulfide mhinduro nokukurumidza kwaanoda tsvuku. Naizvozvo sulfide mhinduro inofanira kuchengetwa mune chinu izere kusvikira chimiso uye zvakasimba chisimbiso.

The samolecular kurema ndiwo Ammonium hydrosulfide uye 51,11. .. E M Gross-payakavakirwa of Hill ino anogona kunyorwa se: H5NS. Munyu chitarisiko chinhu Hauoneki rhombic crystals. The arambe achirema yomunyu zvakaenzana 0.89 g / cm3. Utsotso pfungwa 120 ° C (zvaoma). At kamuri tembiricha iri kwemvura uye sublimation yacho reagent mhute. remubatanidzwa Izvi kugadzikana panguva kamuri tembiricha. The fuma iri nyore soluble mu ethyl doro uye mvura inotonhora, mvura inopisa kana neshungu pamwe zvishoma rinotsemuka. Reactions aqueous alkali. In mhepo inokwanisa Ammonium hydrosulfide iri oxidized, saka kubva Hauoneki mhinduro kana kuchengetwa nokukurumidza anochinja yero nokuda paumbwe polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide anogona vakazvigadzirirwa zvokuverengera amoniya pamwe rehydrogen sulfide mu diethyl (sarufa) kana kupfuura mhepo pa 0 ° C muna zvakananga imwe amoniya mhinduro yebongozozo rehydrogen sulfide kubudikidza zvakaitwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.