Yokumusoro nguo Pasi: murwiyo, tembiricha, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Jasi Nyika - chikamu geosphere, riri pakati goko uye core. Zviri guru inorwara zvose zvacho nyika. The kudzidza jasi haisi chete kukosha mashoko pakunzwisisa womukati nemamiriro Earth. Zvingaita anojekesa paumbwe nyika, kupa mukana zvisingawanzoitiki marudzi uye yeimwe, kunzwisisa mashandiro kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kufamba lithospheric kwamahwendefa. Zvisinei, mashoko pamusoro murwiyo uye zvechadenga jasi hakusi nyore. To the drill yakadzika chero vanhu havazivi sei. Jasi Nyika yava kunyanya kudzidza kushandisa zvizivikanwe nemichina mafungu. Kubudikidza simulation murabhoritari.

Nemamiriro Nyika: jasi, chinoumba uye goko

Maererano pfungwa ano, romukati maumbirwo redu rakakamurwa akawanda akaturikidzana. Top - a nemakwati, ipapo avete nguo uye chinoumba Nyika. Kuhukura - a goko rakaoma, izvo divisible kubudikidza Oceanic uye Continental. Nejasi Earth aparadzana nayo vanonzi muganhu Mohorovicic (ainzi Croatian seismology, iyo yakasimbiswa nzvimbo yaro), izvo ichazivikanwa noku chimbichimbi kuwedzera longitudinal velocity kuti zvizivikanwe nemichina nemafungu.

The jasi anenge 67% of nyika kuti vakawanda. Maererano achangopfuura data, rinogona rakakamurwa akaturikidzana maviri: kumusoro uye pasi. The rukoko yokutanga voga sezvo Golicyna kana nguo yechipiri, inova yezwi mapazi kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi. Kazhinji, jasi rinoenderera 30 kusvika 2900? Km kudzika.

Chinoumba panyika, pamusoro mharidzo chenyanzvi panguva, rinoumbwa zvikurukuru simbi-nickel alloys. Zvinonzi zvakare muzvikamu zviviri. Chinoumba rwomukati - yakasimba, nharaunda yayo zvinofungidzirwa pa 1,300? Km. External - mvura ine nharaunda ine 2200? Km. Pakati zvikamu izvi kuchinja mapazi ari dzoga.

lithosphere

The goko uye yokumusoro nguo Nyika kukabatanidzwa "lithosphere" pfungwa. Izvi goko zvakaoma, ine yakatsiga uye Outdoor nzvimbo. The zvakaoma goko yepasi chinosanganisira tectonic mahwendefa, izvo vachifunga kufamba pamusoro asthenosphere - zvikuru mapurasitiki rukoko kungangova viscous uye zvikuru kupopotedzana zvokunwa. It chikamu yokumusoro nejasi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuvapo asthenosphere sezvo kuramba viscous goko haritsigiri seismological zvidzidzo. The kudzidza nyika kuti mamiriro runoita kuti govera vamwe akaturikidzana izvi vanoiswa vertically. Mugore chinjikira inoenda asthenosphere, pachena, zviri kuramba kuvhiringidzwa.

Nzira kudzidza nejasi

The akaturikidzana kuti nhema pasi cortex, ndivo dzisingambosvikiki kudzidza. Tichitarisa udzamu, kugara kuwedzera tembiricha uye kuwedzera arambe achirema idambudziko chakakomba mashoko pamusoro Kuronga jasi uye core. Zvisinei, ino nemamiriro puraneti achiri zvinobvira. Ndichiverenga huru kunobva mashoko kuva nejasi geophysical mashoko. The velocity pamusoro Mashoko zvizivikanwe nemichina mafungu, kunyanya magetsi conductivity nerukudzo kubvumira masayendisiti kuti zvekungofungira Dhavhidhi angave akanyorerei uye mamwe maitiro dambudziko akaturikidzana.

Uyezve, mamwe mashoko kunogona kuwanikwa kubva igneous matombo uye dombo zvimedu nejasi. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira mangoda kuti vane zvakawanda kuudza kunyange pamusoro jasi ezasi. Jasi matombo inowanikwa pasi goko. kudzidza rinobatsira kunzwisisa Kuronga nejasi. Zvisinei, havagoni kutsiva ivhu vakawana zvakananga kubva yakadzika akaturikidzana zvichikonzerwa pezvakaitwa siyana kuitika nemakwati, akafanana kwavo vakasiyana nejasi.

Jasi Nyika: nziyo

Chimwe mashoko pamusoro chii jasi - meteorites. Maererano pfungwa ano, chondrites (rakajairika muboka munyika meteorites) mu sezvamunoita yakafanana paNyika nejasi. Zvinofungirwa kuti rine zvinhu zviri yakasimba ezvinhu kana mune yakasimba mukomboni mu nedanho nyika inotungamirwa. nesilicon kuvabata, simbi, magnesium, okisijeni, uye nevamwe. The jasi ivo tichibatanidza pamwe silica kuumbika silicates. Mugore chapamusoro dziri magnesium silicates, pamwe udzamu raiwedzera simbi silicate. Rezasi jasi manyowa kubva yeimwe izvi akatasva oxide (Sio _2, MgO, FeO).

Kufarira masayendisiti dzinoita kuti haawaniki pasi goko. Zvinotarisirwa kuti yeimwe yakadaro iri nguo (grospydites, Carbonatites etc.) zvizhinji.

mapoka

Ngationei kugara pakureba akaturikidzana ari nejasi. Maererano nezvinodavirwa masayendisiti, kumusoro iyo chinobatanidza zvakawanda? Km anenge 30 kusvika 400 kubva panyika. Next ndiyo yezwi rokufambira, rinobuda shure kwemamwe 250? Km. Next rukoko - pasi. Muganhu Its riri kudzika vanenge 2.900? km uye ari neVadzidzi Nechepakati panyika.

Pressure netembiricha

With mberi vanyura nyika, tembiricha inokwira. Nejasi Earth iri pasi zvikuru yakakwirira kumanikidzwa. In astenosphere kudarika nezvaizoitwa tembiricha vematunhu, saka pano nefuma iri dzinonzi amorphous kana Semi-yakanyungudutswa mamiriro. Zvakadzika pasi kumanikidzwa rova zvakasimba.

Research uye nejasi Moho

jasi nyika iri haunted nemasayendisiti kwenguva refu. Mune mumarabhoritari yamatombo, anofungidzirwa nhengo okumusoro akaturikidzana yaitwa kuedza kunzwisisa murwiyo uye zvechadenga nejasi. Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti Japanese vakawana kuti rezasi rukoko ine yakawanda nesilicon. The pamusoro jasi akaronga kwemvura. Rinobva panyika goko, ndokumanikidza kupinda kusvika pamusoro pano.

Kufarira ndiye Moho, hunhu izvo zvisiri pachena kusvikira pakuguma. Seismological tsvakurudzo kunoratidza kuti pane 410 makiromita pasi pamusoro shanduko inoitika metamorphic matombo (vanova gobvu), iro kunoratidzwa muna unopinza kuwedzera kumhanya chinozunguzirwa kupararira. Zvinofungirwa kuti basaltic matombo pedyo Moho tinoshandurirwa eclogite. Saka pane nokuwedzera jasi arambe achirema munenge 30%. Pane imwe shanduro, maererano izvo chikonzero yekupindurwa velocity pakati zvizivikanwe nemichina mafungu nhema kuchinja murwiyo namatombo.

chikyū

Muna 2005, mumwe zvikuru akashongedzerwa chikepe Chikyu yakavakwa Japan. basa rake - kuti rekodhi-yakadzika iri pasi Pacific Ocean. Masayendisiti zano kutora mimwe pamatombo yokumusoro nguo uye Moho, kuti mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda chokuita nemamiriro nyika. The chirongwa yainorongwa kuti 2020.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masayendisiti kwete vakafunga nezvenyu zvakananga kuti Oceanic chicherwa mari. Maererano zvidzidzo, pakukora cortex nemuGungwa iri shoma zvikuru pane pamusoro mumakondinendi. Musiyano zvinokosha: zvakafanira kukunda pasi mvura mbiru mugungwa kusvikira magma munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa 5 chete? Km kure, apo panyika, ichi Nhamba inowedzera kuti 30 km.

Zvino chikepe ratova kushanda: Zvandakashanda zvakadzika marasha vazvo. The Implementation huru zvebasa chacho kuchaita kuti tinzwisise sei jasi paNyika, izvo zvinhu uye zvinhu vanoumba kuchinja vematunhu, uyewo uzive rezasi panogumira kupararira upenyu panyika.

kunzwisisa kwedu nemamiriro Pasi achiri kure zvakakwana. Chikonzero - kuoma kupinda munzvimbo dzakadzika. Zvisinei, kwezvinhu mberi hazvirevi mira. kubudirira kwesayenzi kunoratidza kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo tichaziva pamusoro zvechadenga jasi zvikuru.