Purovhinzi hweRoma. List pamusoro neyenyika Roman

Pasinei nokuti Great hweRoma hakusisipo, kuti kufarira iyi nyika yedu yekare usingadzimwi. Pashure pezvose, asi yakanga vaRoma vaiva madzitateguru mutemo ano uye jurisprudence, ivo emitemo enyika inoti dzakawanda dzokuEurope vavo akadhindwa enyika, uye kusvikira nhasi vari kudzidza muna nomukurumbira mumayunivhesiti pasi pose.

Zvisinei, kunyange zvavaisiita urongwa guru mamiriro kare hakuna zvishoma zvinonakidza. Unoziva chii ruwa hweRoma yakaumbwa uye sei izvi miganhu chikwata? Kana kwete, unofanira zvachose kuverenga nyaya ino! akayambira pakarepo kuti nyaya tichataura pamusoro Rome ave simba chete. Weboka muEast uye West Empire kwakaitika pashure kupambwa guru pedyo vaVisigoth uye Ostrogoths.

The vakawanda tsanangudzo

Mupfungwa yakakura, ari "dunhu" rinoreva nyika, wakabudiswa zvimwe mukuru mukuru muumambo hwacho kwayo chete kuzvidzora. Uyu ndiwo mukati nyika yake yakanga imperio rokuremekedza. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti shoko iri yakanga ina chete nedzimwe tsika. Pano vari:

• Sezvaiitwa yapfuura zvakadaro, "dunhu" aigona kunzi chinzvimbo chinokosha. Saka, Pr rokuremekedza. maritima aireva kuti munhu aiva naro, nokuchengeta murayiro weRoma rengarava.
• Chete chinzvimbo raiva munhu aitarisira vamwe rinokosha basa. Somuenzaniso, pr. frumentum curare mutariri hurukuro chingwa.
• Uyewo, "dunhu" aigona kunyange kunzi ndima muvengi akaronzesa vamwe wavarwi. Same Macedonia consulibus Provincia decernitur, yakaumbwa mumakore kukunda kweGirisi.
• Pakupedzisira, raiva zita chero vachangobva kukundwa kana ukapiwa weRoma mhiko nzvimbo kuti akatogadza Pax Romania, «hurongwa Roman."

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Western hweRoma akachengeta administrative nzira yemadzitateguru avo. Zvose akati pano uye mune ramangwana ichokwadiwo kuti Byzantine basileus.

Pakuzadzisa nzira "dzematunhu" upenyu

Nechekare rechitatu remakore AD, vaRoma vakatanga nokukurumidza kuwedzera, zvakazoita hweRoma, nzvimbo yawedzera zvinoshamisa, kure kuvapo rokuItari "vene". Nokukurumidza, nyika yose akarara pedyo neGungwa reMediterranean, akaita ikava rweRoma. Pakupedzisira, 117 AD ndopakaperawo dzakatevedzana kubudirira zvechiuto. Nhaka umambo rakava kupfuura yakakura. In zvachose, hurumende panguva iyoyo, pakanga 45 enyika, pasingaverengwi kumatunhu 12 kuItaly.

Sezvo dunhu itsva rakaumbwa?

Nokuti zvose nguva akunde wakatangwa zvakajeka nzira "Fusion" nzvimbo itsva mamwe mapurovhinzi hwacho: pakutanga mukuru, uyo akabata nyika itsva, iwo aidzidza rokutanga mutaro. Kunokosha! Paanokurukura Western hweRoma, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kwayo kumuganhu ichi "kutanga" anenge haana: Nyika yose akavhiyiwa yaiitwa chete nezivo uye kufarirwa guru (Constantinople).

zvemitemo dzokuvhiya

The Commission 10 nhengo, akagadzwa weSeneti, aiti "zano urongwa", kupfuura magwaro legitimizing mutongi zvokungoitawo. Zvinyorwa izvi pakarepo dzakabatanidzwa neDare mirairo uye ulozhenija mutemo womunharaunda (kana zvakanga). Nenzira kutaura, zviri ndichengetedze mitemo yemunyika iri pakuva wehurumende yeRoma.

Ndokusaka ose rwenyika hweRoma (mukutanga nguva hwacho) mupfungwa kwakanga yakazvimirira mamiriro.

zvokungoitawo nguva

Sezvo mamiriro kwakasimbiswa pamusoro nguva, uye mitemo yakawanda chaizvo zvakafanana. Kukosha mutemo yeko anowira nokukurumidza. Kuwedzera, "mirau enyika" vanotanga runodzorwa zvakananga weSeneti. Pakupedzisira, ulozhenija vemo vakanga chete waidzora zvavo utariri features, apo dzimwe nyaya dzose vakabatwa nomutemo weRoma. Relations pakati vagari veRoma, rakanga nevakabva muruwa hweRoma, runodzorwa edictum provinciale, kuti mutemo zvomubati, yaakanga rakabudiswa kutora hofisi.

"Mutemo" wandaifanira chete panguva yaitonga mubati, asi kazhinji zvakaitika kuti baba yake gwaro hachina kuchinja kushanda hapana. mudunhu hwaidzorwa vatongi vehondo proconsuls uye propraetor. chinangwa chavo akanga achiparidza Senta, uye vanhu munzvimbo idzi tenderera rimwe gore. Kana yaibhadharwa nokuda ezvinhu okuti mahofisi inogona kuwedzerwa, asi chisarudzo pamusoro payo vaiva nekodzero kutora zvose zvakafanana Seneti.

Okupedzisira makore hwacho

Mumakore okupedzisira asati kuwa Rome dunhu dzinovangira aimbova consuls uye vatongi. Ivo vaiva neMhedziso simba inodzorwa province. Izvi anotsanangura sei zvachose rwakakwana azvipire uori uye kusaita zvinhu nomazvo kuti mamaneja vakawanda vakaita basa rakakwana, kunakidzwa noukama hwakanaka gavhuna. Munguva iyi, mumwe chete weSiria, kamwe vakapfuma ruwa hweRoma akatosvika kubirwa vatongi varo, uye kuti mai nyika yakanga minuscule mugove mitero zviunganidzwe. izvi zvose chete wakakurumidza pokuwa kamwe chikuru mamiriro kuuya.

List ose ematunhu eRoma uye makore chiitiko chavo

Saka, isu nyora huru muruwa yaiva Eastern hweRoma. Kudanana zvitsigiro haisi sequentially, sezvo kukunda kwavo hakuzi akasiyana enyika nguva munhoroondo wehurumende yeRoma. Wokutanga "pasi bapiro" reRoma akamira kweSisiri, uye pashure pacho - Sardinia uye Corsica. Zvino 241 uye 231 BCE azvaitwa. Vakati akunda kure uye pedo Spain.

Zvino 197 GD. N. e. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumakore 27 pamberi yechiKristu nguva Uyezve Spain yakanga dzinounzwa mudunhu Lusitania. Makore maviri pashure peizvi, nyika rakura muruwa Galati. Sezvaunogona kuona, kubudikidza kutanga kwenguva itsva hweRoma kadhi chinokushamisa wayo kusiyana. Mugore 120 BC. e. Yakakundwa Gaul Narbonne. Aquitania, zveBelgium uye Lugdunskoy dunhu uye Numidia vakanga yakatora kuRoma muna 50 BC, asi kuparadzana, vanotongwa azere umambo akatanga chete rechi17 gore munguva yedu. Province of Rhaetia uye Noricum - '15 BC.

Saka, ngationei mberi. Alpes-Maritimes akanga akabatana '14 (Kottiyskie Alps vakava rutivi Roma chete panguva wakashata Nero). Panenge panguva aizomupa muRoma Peninskih Alps zvinoitirwa vamwe musingazivi, asi munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti zvakaitika asina kwokutanga pane makore 200.

Membros Germany vakanga akunda muna '17. Around imwe nguva, mudunhu yakatangwa Kapadhokiya.

Britain, iyo Eastern Roman Empire pakupedzisira kukundwa chete muna '43, asi chokutanga pane boka ravarwi dzakatangwa ipapa. Membros Pannonia vakakundwa vangasvika 10 gore. Pakutanga vakanga imwe dunhu, asi mambo Trajan (kumativi 105 years) zvakanzi muzvikamu zviviri zvakanaka management. Zvimwezvo zvakaitika pamwe Membros Miziey. Dzakakundwa muna '29, kuparadzana yakaitika paitonga Domitian, musi chiitiko harizivikanwi.

Ngwizhingwi muThrace akava rweRoma muna 46. Dacia vakamutevera pashure pemakore 100 chete okuberekwa, uye shure kwayo - Arabia, Armenia uye Asiria. Ipapo VaRoma akasika ruwa nezita ... Asia. KuDharimatiya Romans "nyanzvi" pakati 159 uye 169 makore uye makore gumi vasati mupurovhinzi avo Africa rakaumbwa. NokuMasedhonia vakakundwa panguva yakakomba nguva (kupa kana kutora gumi). Epir musi dunhu haisiri kuzivikanwa. Nhoroondo kuchangobva hweRoma rinotaura panongopera kuti zvakaitika panguva yaitonga Mambo Vespasian.

Uyezve "kutora"

Egypt akawira 30 BC. e. Interesting nhoroondo mudunhu uye Vifiya Pont. Oshimi mumakore 74 asati azvarwa Kristu (pavanoparidza mapurovhinzi Cyrenaica uye kweKrete), vakanga akawedzera zvikuru pashure nemakore mapfumbamwe. Pakupedzisira, makore manomwe pashure pakutanga munguva yedu nharaunda yavo zvakare yekudyidzana midzi. Inenge zvimwechete zvakaitika pamwe muRisia uye Pamfiriya. Last akahwina kusvikira makore 25 asati aberekwa Kristu, uye kurwiswa muRisia akakwanisa kupedza chete muna 43 BC. e.

The kukunda Kirikia akatambanudzira kubva 64 BC kusvika 67 gore pashure kuberekwa kwaKristu. KuKupro neSiriya vakatadza kubatana yakakomba nguva. Mesopotamia zvingangoiswa rehurumende sezvo mangwanani sezvo gore 115, asi mudunhu itsva akarasika mu vaviri makore. Dzokera zvakanga Kwapera chete hafu yezana remakore.

Zvakakosha kupedza zvatataura Tingitanskoy Kesariya uye Mauritania, rwakazokura chikamu ehurumende makore 40 pashure kuberekwa kwaKristu. Saka, nhoroondo hweRoma ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kukunda nyika itsva hwaishandiswa guru raiva nzira zvose akaramba kuwedzera, uye Mubayiro vavengi kunyanya simba.