Chinopedza zvirwere: Pamazita

Ichi ndechimwe kujairika varwere vakawanda nzeve. In nyika yedu, vanachiremba kashoma kushandisa uye goho Data kwezvirwere ari oga boka. Zvisinei, munyika mushonga ari duramazwi vanachiremba, okuti "chirwere chinopedza" kunoitika nguva dzose. boka ravo rinosanganisira avo zvirwere zviri kuramba mberi, zvichikonzera kudzikisirana pamusoro chokupika munyama, nhengo, avo marongerwo. Masero vari dzichichinja mu chinopedza zvirwere, avo ezvinhu kuipa, zvinokanganisawo nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri. Panyaya iyi, shoko "degeneration" zvinoreva vachiwana uye nezvishoma degeneration, chinhu kuipa.

Nhaka chinopedza zvirwere

Zvirwere boka iri heterogeneous kwazvo akaora, asi vari dzinoratidzwa saizvozvo. Chero nguva, uve mukuru kana mwana anogona nomuzvarirwo kurwara pashure kuona chero precipitating zvinhu, vangatambura nechepakati tsinga uye dzimwe hurongwa uye nhengo. Clinical zviratidzo zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera, murwere nguva dzose kunowedzera. Kunoita iri shanduka. Nhaka zvirwere chinopedza-dystrophic pakupedzisira kutungamirira kuti munhu anorasikirwa vazhinji dzinokosha mashandiro (kutaura, kufamba, chiratidzo, kunzwa, kushanda kwendangariro, uye vamwe). Kakawanda, zvirwere izvi zvinouraya.

The chinokonzera enhaka chinopedza zvirwere zvinogona kunzi mwero magene. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zera nokuratidzwa chirwere zvakaoma kuverenga, izvozvo zvinoenderana Gene okuti. The kwokuomerwa chirwere achapiwa zvakawanda kutaurwa kana kuwedzera pathological zviratidzo Gene.

Nechekare muzana remakore rechi19, neuroscientists kunge zvinorondedzerwa zvirwere yakafanana, asi havana kugona kutsanangura chikonzero chitarisiko chavo. Modern neuroscience samolecular genetics wakadziura nokukanganisika urema mazhinji kwemajini ari kukonzera kukura chirwere zviratidzo muboka iri. Netsika, zviratidzo kuwana eponimnye zita, ndiko - kuti mugove wakatarwa utsaurirwe basa masayendisiti akatanga kurondedzera chirwere.

Mamirire zviri chinopedza zvirwere

zvirwere chinopedza-dystrophic zvakafanana zvinhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Tanga kubva chirwere anenge asingaoneki, asi vari zvishoma nezvishoma kufambira mberi, hunogara kwemakumi emakore.
• Kuvamba Zvakaoma kuronda chikonzero haagoni kuzivikanwawo.
• The sei nyama uye nhengo zvishoma nezvishoma kuramba chiitwa mitambo yavo, degeneration inofamba kuuya.
• Zvirwere boka iri vane nemishonga mushonga, kurapwa anogara kunzwisisa, zvakaoma uye kashoma inobudirira. Kakawanda, izvozvo Haapi unodikanwa zvabuda. Unogona kunetesa chinopedza kukura, asi zviri anenge zvisingaiti kumisa.
• Zvirwere zvakawanda muvanhu vanhu vakwegura, kukwegura, ivo zvishoma muvanhu vechidiki.
• zvirwere kakawanda nokuda magene kubatwa. The chirwere chinogona kuitika panguva dzinoverengeka vanhu mumhuri imwe.

The kupfuura nomukurumbira pakati chirwere

Rakajairika uye vanozivikanwa chinopedza zvirwere:

• atherosclerosis;
• kenza;
• kutaipa 2 cheshuga;
• CheAlzheimer;
• chemajoini;
• dzinonzi rheumatoid arthritis;
• osteoporosis;
• Parkinson nehosha;
• nemultiple sclerosis;
• prostatitis.

Vanhu Vazhinji vanoti zvirwere izvi kuti "zvinotyisa", asi haisi yose mazita. Kune zvirwere, zvimwe izvo zvisina kunge vakanzwa.

Chinopedza-dystrophic zvirwere mapfundo

At mwoyo chinopedza chirwere chinonzi osteoarthritis - the degeneration pamusoro articular shwashwa, somugumisiro, zvichiteverwa Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga ari epiphyseal mafupa.

Osteoarthritis ndicho pamwe chirwere chinobata 10-12% yevanhu vane zera, nhamba iri chete kukura. Kazhinji rinokanganisa hudyu kana ibvi majoini mune vose vakadzi nevarume. Chinopedza zvirwere - chemajoini vari rakakamurwa nesekondari.

Primary arthrosis kutora uwandu 40% zvirwere, asi chinopedza muitiro akatanga somugumisiro rinonetesa muviri, unopinza kuwedzera uremu muviri, zera-kufanana kuchinja.

Secondary chearthritis anomiririra 60% yose inowanwa. Zvinowanzoitika sezvo migumisiro zvokuimba kukuvara, intraarticular mitswe, ari vachiberekwa dysplasia, post-zvinotapukira vadyi zvirwere, mune aseptic necrosis.

Vakawanda arthrosis rakakamurwa nesekondari evasingatombonamati zvemasanga, sezvo vari kwakavakirwa chete pathogenic zvinhu izvo vangava anofambidzana zvakasiyana. Kakawanda kusarudza chinhu yazova zvikuru uye zviduku hazvibviri.

Mushure chinopedza kuchinja, vagari hukawanika vaaisangana zvakanyanyisa tichiita imwe. Somugumisiro, kuti kuderedza zvokuimba kwechirwere, kukura osteophytes. Pathological muitiro mberi, vachiwedzera akaremara majoini, chibharo basa musculo-ligamentous midziyo. Kufamba kuva voga kuumbwa contracture.

Deforming coxarthrosis. deforming gonartroz

Chinopedza vagari zvirwere coxarthrosis uye gonarthrosis zviri zvakajairika mazuva.

nzvimbo yokutanga kuitika anotora coxarthrosis - hudyu kunototiomesera. The chirwere kunotungamirira kune vakaremara wokutanga uye gare gare nokuremara. Chikonzero chirwere anogona kazhinji kubva 35 kusvika 40 makore. Women achitambura ichi kupfuura vanhu. Zviratidzo kuonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichienderana nezera, muviri uremu kana kurovedza muviri. The kutanga nzendo zviratidzo zvisina kuratidzwa. Dzimwe nguva kuneta akanzwa apo akamira uye vachifamba kana akatakura mitoro inorema. Sezvo chinopedza kuchinja kurwadziwa inowedzera. Zvakakwana kubvisika panguva zororo, muchiroto. akavandudza kuchangotanga mupfungwa. Kana kumhanya chimiro anosimbirira marwadzo, kungawedzera usiku.

Osteoarthritis ndiyo yechipiri - 50% zvirwere zviri ibvi. Munyoro pane coxarthrosis. Vazhinji muitiro iri yakaturikwa pana 1 rwakazara. Kunyange mazhinji zviitiko kashoma kuguma nokurasikirwa kushanda vachikanganisa.

4 zvakasiyana siyana gonarthrosis:

• kuparadzwa yomunyika zvikamu ibvi muhudyu;
• chikuru lesion pakati nechitarisiko madhipatimendi;
• arthrosis of patella-femoral articulations;
• kurasikirwa vagari madhipatimendi.

osteochondrosis

Chinopedza zvirwere musana: osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylarthritis.

Kana osteochondrosis chinopedza pezvakaitwa dzichitanga intervertebral discs ari musimboti pulposus. Kana spondylosis kwacho munyaya muviri pedyo vertebrae. Kana spondyloarthrosis kunoitika lesion pamusoro intervertebral mapfundo. Chinopedza-dystrophic zvirwere nomuzongoza vane ngozi chaizvo uye havaratidzi rinorapika. The mwero zvokurwara pakutsvaga chadzo uye morphological zvaidiwa tikachirega.

Vanhu vakuru makore 50 vanotambura zvinetso izvi muna 90% nyaya. Recently kwave kune kuitika kune rejuvenation zvirwere nomuzongoza, zvaitika kunyange vechiduku vane makore makore 17-20. Low musana kurwadziwa rinowanzoberekera mune vanhu vari kuita kunyanyisa remaoko.

Clinical kuratidzwa kuvimba localization ari kwokuomerwa kwacho uye angava chetsinga, kunofambira mberi, autonomic zvirwere.

Chinopedza zvirwere tsinga

Chinopedza zvirwere tsinga rinobatanidza boka guru boka. maronda All zvaizobatsira mapoka Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti vasunge kusaruraude muviri zvokunze uye dzakawanda zvinhu chirwere. Izvi kunoitika pamusana kutyorwa intracellular urongwa, kazhinji izvi zviri kukonzerwa vaberekwe vakaremara.

Vazhinji chinopedza zvirwere pachena shoma kana diffuse pfungwa atrophy mune chaiyo nemaziso hurongwa kunoitika rutapudzo Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko panongova nyonganyonga iri kushanda masero, rufu rwavo hariwanikwi, uropi asingadi kuva atrophy (zvinokosha tremor, idiopathic dystonia).

Ruzhinji chinopedza zvirwere vane refu Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva kukura, asi zvishoma nezvishoma mberi chimiro.

Chinopedza CNS zvirwere Classified ne kurapwa zvinozonzi uye kuratidza nezvokupindira vamwe Zvivako tsinga. mira kubva:

• Chirwere kuratidzwa extrapyramidal syndromes (Huntington chirwere, tremor, chirwere chinonzi Parkinson).
• Zvirwere nedzokunze cerebellar ataxia (spinocerebellar degeneration).
• Hosha vane maronda ose injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu (chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
• Zvirwere pamwe kuratidzwa dementia (Pick chirwere, cheAlzheimer).

cheAlzheimer chirwere

Neuro-chinopedza zvirwere vane zviratidzo dementia zvakawanda mune vakwegura. Rakajairika ndiyo chirwere cheAlzheimer. Mberi mune vanhu vakuru makore 80. Muna 15% nyaya hosha anomhanya mumhuri. Inokudziridza makore 10-15.

Tanga kuparadzwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari parietal associative nzvimbo cortex, zvenyama uye frontal, ari auditory, rinoonekwa uye somatosensory dzine kuramba dzisisina. Kuwedzera kunyangarika Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti zvinokosha unhu vari deposits kuti amyloid mune penga nokuda kokuchembera plaques uye thickening uye thickening pamusoro degenerating neurofibrillary hurongwa uye Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vasara dzine tauprotein. All vakwegura kuchinja kwakadaro rwakavapo shoma, asi vari zvikuru raidudzwa muna cheAlzheimer. Paivawo nyaya apo kiriniki akanga akaita kuti dementia, asi akaita plaques vakanga kuchengetwa.

Atrophied mapazi une akaderedza ropa wedzerai, zvingava ingangova yakatorwa kunyangarika Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. The chirwere haagoni kuva mugumisiro atherosclerosis.

Parkinson chirwere

chirwere chinonzi Parkinson Anonziwo kuzunungusa palsy. Izvi chinopedza uropi chirwere mberi zvishoma nezvishoma apo zvokusarudza inobata dofaminergichesikie Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu anoratidza Rigidity akabatana akinesia, postural kusagadzikana, uye tremor zororo. Mhaka chirwere achiri kujeka. Pane dzidziso kuti chirwere chacho chichigarwa nhaka.

Kuwanda chirwere wakakura uye inosvika vanhu pashure pemakore 65 ari nhamba 1 muna 100.

Akaratidza chirwere zvishoma nezvishoma. kuratidzwa rokutanga - kudedera maoko nemakumbo, dzimwe nguva Kuchinja gait, kuomarara. Chokutanga, varwere cherechedzai marwadzo kumashure uye maoko nemakumbo. Zviratidzo zvokutanga kuroorwa madziro, zvino rinobatanidza kurutivi rwechipiri.

Kuchiita Disease Parkinson

The chikuru nekuratidza chirwere - akinesia ichi kana kuparadzwa, tava kuderera nemafambiro. pakupedzisira munhu anova maskoobraznym (gipomimiya). Kuvheneka zvisingawanzoitiki, saka munhu kuboora aitarire. Friendly kufamba Zvibvisike (ruoko kana achifamba). Dzisinganyatsooneki munwe kufamba vari kutyora. Murwere asiri anochinja mamiriro akamuka kubva ake cheya akatsaukira hope dzake. It monotone uye muted. Matanho rwokufamba-famba kwevanhu, pfupi. The chikuru kuratidza Parkinson nehosha - tremor maoko, miromo, shaya, musoro, ndepana zororo. Tremor kungaenderana murangariro uye dzimwe anoshivirira anodudzira.

In akazotevera matanho nehasha zvishoma mufambo, atadza yokufudza. Varwere vakawanda chirwere chepfungwa, asi chete vamwe kuva dementia.

Mwero chirwere kunoita zvinosiyana, zvinogona makore mazhinji. Pakazopera upenyu murwere kuita chinhu chose, kumedza kwakaoma, pane mukana chido. Somugumisiro, rufu rinowanzoberekera kubva nemabayo.

Essential tremor

A chirwere chinopedza dzinoratidzwa benign tremor, kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa Parkinson chirwere. ruoko tremor kunoitika apo uchifamba kana vakabata ndemamwe. Muna 60% of chirwere chacho chichigarwa nhaka, zvinoita sokuti kakawanda munguva makore 60. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikonzero ndiye contravention hyperkinesia pakati cerebellum uye chokumisa nuclei.

Tremor anogona kuwedzerwa kuneta, kushungurudzika, kushandiswa kofi, zvimwe zvinodhaka. It saka zvinoitika kuti tremor kunosanganisira "kwete-kwete" musoro kufamba ne mhando kana "hongu", anogona batanidza makumbo, rurimi, miromo, tsandanyama dzinobudisa inzwi, hunde. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru tremor amplitude kuwedzera, uye ichi kuchambokanganisa kunowanzoitika huri upenyu.

Life anotarisirwa hakuiti vanotambura chetsinga zviratidzo hatisi, vakangwara mabasa zvinochengetedzeka.