Pistols yenyika. Mazuva ano zvombo zviduku zvenyika

Chimbo chechigamba chakavharidzirwa chinonzi pistol. Nhasi mapuraneti enyika anosiyana mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Nyika imwe neimwe inotora zvombo zvesimba zvayo zvombo zvombo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa. Munyika kune kurwisana nguva dzose kwemisika yekutengeswa kwemaoko mashoma. Basa haritsigiri pakuvandudzwa kwayo. Dzakavimbika, zvishoma zvishoma zvombo zvekurwa zvakasimba zviri muzvinowanzodiwa uye sezvombo zvehurumende nehurumende dzekuchengetedza, uye maererano nekuzvidzivirira kwevanhu vasiri vanhu.

Nhoroondo

Izvo zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Iko rakaipa rakavhara nekatemiti shoma rakagadzirirwa padanda rehuni. Irogivha (keyed) yepfuti yakagadzirwa naLeonardo da Vinci.

Mumakore mazana emakore zvakasimbiswa nekutya-gwenga. Akatomanikidza, asi zvaive nyore pakubhadhara zvombo, kwete kutya dongo uye kwaive yakadhura kupfuura gumbo. Muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe pane capsule (piston) lock yakaonekwa.

Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kusiya zvigaro zve singly-mhosva. Mukupera kwezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, vakatsiviwa zvachose ne revolvers. Asi vaida mhando dzakawanda dzakapfura zvombo. Pistols brand Roth-Krnka M.7 (Austria) ndivo vakatanga kugamuchirwa muuto rehurumende. Yakanga yakashandiswa nevatasvi vamabhiza vokuAustria pamiganhu yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.

Kusvikira ma1940, zvombo zvisiri nyore zvakashandurwa zvachose zvakatsiva revolvers mune zvombo zvemasimba emagetsi enyika dzinenge dzese dzenyika. Vapanduki vanoramba vari mukushandiswa kwevanhu vasiri vanhu (apo inobvumirwa nomutemo) kuti munhu azvidzivirire.

Zvinenge zvese mapuraneti emazuva ano ezvepasi ari kuzvidzora. Pakati peizvi, unogona kupisa moto kana moto unoputika nekugara kwenguva refu. Mukuita, saka kazhinji haasi kupfura, nokuti shoma shoma rezvombo rinotungamirira mukupararira kukuru kwezviputi. Mhando dzepfuti dzine kuwedzera kwemazana uye zviyero zvakarongerwa sejasi remukoko.

Austria: Glock 17 uye Glock 19

Chimwe chikamu chechigoni ichi ndechekuti inodzinga pasi pemvura. Imwe chiratidzo chinokosha ndechokuti uremu hwezvombo huri (620 gm). Nyanzvi dzekambani yeAustria Glock yakakwanisa kukura nekushandisa zvikamu zve polymer zvinhu mukugadzirwa kwepfuti. Tsanangudzo pfupi Glock 17:

• Kureba kwese-186 mm;
• Iyo trwe iri 149 mm;
• Cartridges ye pisto - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum;
• Chengeta nekugadziriswa kwe10.15 kana 17 kutenderera;
• Range - 50 mamita.

Muenzaniso wakasikwa muna 1980 ndokusimbisa Walther P38 isina kushandiswa. Kuzivikanwa kweGlock 17 kunosimbisa chokwadi chokuti inoshandiswa nemauto, masangano ekuchengeteka, masangano ekuchengeteka, mapurisa munharaunda makumi matanhatu munyika yose.

I Glock 19 inotowedzera - inokwana 595 gm. Maitiro aro:

• Yakareba urefu - 177 mm;
• Iyo trum is 102 mm;
• Cartridges - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum;
• Chengetedza 15 (zvichida 17, 19 kana 33 makaridhiji).

Kuvimbika kwepfuti kunoita kuti kuve nyore kwekugadzira: mhando dzose dzeGlock pistols dzinosanganisira zvikamu 34 chete.

Inoshandiswa mu gendarmerie yeFrance, muIsrael nokuda kwebasa rekuchengetedzwa kwevakawanda, mumapurisa eHong Kong, New Zealand.

America: Colt M1911

Hazvibviri kurondedzera zvibhakera zvenyika pasina kutaura nezvezvakaitika zveAmerican Colts. Nhoroondo yavo yakatanga zvakare muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Nhamba dzakawandisa dzeWesterns neAmerica mabhuku akanyorwa pamusoro pokukunda kweAmerica yakaita Colt inozivikanwa munyika yose.

Yakazowanzoenzaniswa neColt M-1911 caliber 45 - yakanzi Colt Browning (mukuvandudzirwa kwemuenzaniso yakashandiswa kugadzira zvakawanikwa naJohn Browning) - yakagamuchirwa neUnited States Army muzana remakore rechikutanga remakore uye yakashandiswa kwemakore anopfuura makumi masere.

Zvinyorwa Colt M191:

• Kurema - 1075 gramu;
• Urefu hwakazara - 216 mm;
• Iyo trunk is 127 mm;
• Shanduro yakagadzirirwa 7 cartridges;
• Caliber - 45;
• Range - 50 mamita.

Kuvimbika, simba rinouraya, nyore uye kusununguka kwekuchengetedza achiri kukwezva vadzidzisi kune nhoroondo yezvombo. Kune veAmerica, vaColt vanoramba vari zvombo zvechitendero.

Belgium: Five-seveN USG

Kupa vashandi veuto kusatora zvakananga mukurwisana kwemauto, iri nyore nyore, rakavimbika uye rine simba pisitori raidiwa. Muna 1996, kambani yeBelgium FN yakapa FN Five-seveN IOM (munhu wepamusoro mukuru wevatariri) kumusika, mufananidzo wakazoonekwa kuU.SA nechinonzi USG (hurumende yeUnited States).

Shandisai mashanu-seveN USG:

• Kurema - 590 gramu;
• Yakareba urefu - 208 mm;
• Iyo tramu iri 123 mm;
• Kureba - 31 mm;
• Kureba - 144 mm;
• Caliber - 5.7 x 28 FN;
• Chengetedza makiraji makumi maviri;
• Range yekurwa - kusvika mamita 200.

Yakagamuchirwa mubasa muzvikamu zvePoland, France, USA.

Germany: USP (P8)

Vagadziri veGermany vave vachigara vachizivikanwa nehutano hwezvigadzirwa zvavo. Pakutanga kwema2000, Heckler & Koch vakazova mutengesi wezvombo zve Universal Universal Selbstlade Pistole (USP) -kuzvidzivirira pasi pistol.

Chinhu chaicho chakasiyana ndeyechitoro chakagadzirwa nepurasitiki. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutonga zvombo zvekushandisa. Pakutanga, USP (P8) yakagadzirirwa kwe .40 S & W cartridge. Nokudaro, USP (P8) ine caliber yechitanhatu yakaratidzika kuva yakasimba kwazvo pisitori. Mamiriro e USP (P8):

• Kurema - 770 gramu;
• Kuremera kwepisitori inotapukirwa ndi 985 gramu;
• Kureba kwese - 194 mm;
• Iyo tramu iri 108 mm;
• Kureba 32 mm;
• Kureba - 136 mm;
• Cartridge - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum;
• Shanduro yakagadzirirwa zvikamu gumi nemashanu zvepurasitiki yakasvibiswa nefora yesimbi;
• Range - 50 mamita.

Iyo yakasimba inotarisirwa kupinda mumusika weAmerica. Panguva ino, neBeretta 92S pisitori, imwe dambudziko rakamuka, uye mubvunzo wekutsvaga kwayo waiva. Asi masoja eUnited States akazviisa pachedu kuchinjana kune imwe muenzaniso yakakwana. USP (P8) iri kushanda chete muGermany. Kuchinja kwehondo kwakagamuchira kuisa "Р8".

Israel: UZI

Sangano reIsrael Israel Military Industries muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri rakapera rakagadzira zvombo zvine simba uye zvisingabatsiri zvekuchengetedza. Vaidikanwa zvombo zviduku zvishoma nechitoro chakanaka.

Mutemo weIsrael unorambidza kushandiswa kwepfuti. Muenzaniso weUZI unotevera zvinotevera:

• Kurema - 1700 gramu;
• Caliber - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum / Luger ;
• Kureba kwese - 240 mm;
• Iyo tramu iri 115 mm;
• Chengetera makiraji 20, 25 kana 32.

Mukuwedzera kune Israeri, mazita emarudzi akatenga UZI anosanganisira Haiti, Guatemala, Germany, Estonia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras.

Italy: Beretta 92S

Apo hondo yeUnited States yakasarudza kurega Colt M1911 45-caliber, iyo yakanga iri kushanda kwemakore anopfuura makumi masere, terenda yakashamiswa pakati pevarimi vezvombo zvekugovera. Chikonzero chacho chaiva kuiswa kwehutano mumwe chete muhondo dzose dzebhokisi reNATO . Iyo huru yaizivikanwa se cartrid 9x19 mm Parabellum. Yakanga iri maererano nemiganhu iyi iyo pisitori yakasarudzwa.

Mukukwikwidza kwakakundwa nevaItaly, vachipa zvombo zvavo. Pistols model Beretta 92S mukukwikwidza kunotyisa yakagadzirirwa kambani yeSig Sauer P226 Swiss-German.

Mifananidzo Beretta 92S:

• Kurema - 950 gramu;
• Cartridge - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum;
• Kureba kwese-217 mm;
• Iyo troro iri 125 mm;
• Kuda rutivi mamita makumi mashanu.

Mumauto eUnited States anopa zvombo zvakagadzirwa muUnited States uye inonzi "M9". Mumakore mashomanana adarika, pasinei nedambudziko rechimbo (kusakundikana kwekuvimbika), vaAmerica havana kuchinja mararamiro eBeretta, asi vakashandura kune zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.

Nhasi, zvombo izvi zviri kushanda neUnited States, Spain, Italy, South Africa, France, Algeria, Peru.

China: QSZ-92-9

Kudzokorora pistols kuenderera mberi kwechiedza chezvombo zveChinese QSZ-92-9. Norinco Corporation inobereka miviri yebhasiti iyi. Imwe ye cartridge 9 x 19 mm Parabellum, yechipiri - 5.8 x 21 mm. Yakagadzirwa pamagumo ezana remakore rapfuura kunyanya kubata kwehondo yeChina.

Chimiro chacho chakaitwa nekutya-kusinga plastiki. Magazini yepamusoro-iyo inopa 15 mauto emativi ose. Pamuti pasi pemubhadharo pane mutungamiri wekugadzira laser meso kana kuti mwenje. Zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa pistoti nemidziyo yekunyarara-kupisa kusina mhosva.

Kubva pane zvombo zviri nyore kupfura zvose zviri zviviri, uye ruoko rworudyi, uyewo nemaoko maviri. Iko duku shoma yakagadzirirwa zviduku, neEurope maitiro, akawandisa ruoko rweShona mutungamiriri.

Zvinosanganisira QSZ-92-9:

• Kurema - 760 gramu;
• Caliber 9 x 19 mm Parabellum;
• Kureba kwese-190 mm;
• Trunk - 111 mm;
• Kureba 35 mm;
• Kureba - 135 mm;
• Shanduro yakagadzirirwa 15 kumativi ose.

Yakagadzirirwa kushanda muPRC kumapurisa.

Russia: Bhasiro raMakarov

Zvichida mutauro weRussia unonyanya kuzivikanwa wezvombo zvishomanana ibhu rakapiwa. Makarov kurwisa kuzvidzora pfuti yakagadzirwa muna 1948. Akauya kuzoshandura TT, iyo yakanga iri kushanda neuto reSoviet.

Munguva yemakore ekugadzirwa, huwandu hwekushandurwa kweMDC hwakasikwa. Kuvimbika kwekuvakwa uye yakanakisisa "yehutano-yehu" yehuwandu kusvikira nhasi inopa chido cheMakarov lineup.

Iyo inozivikanwa kwete chete munyika dzeSoviet, asi munyika yose. Kutendeseka kwakakwirira, kuoma kwekuvaka uye kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso wakakodzera kunobvumira PM kupikisana nezvombo zvemazuva ano uye zvine simba.

Tactico-teknolojia, uremu uye zvisikwa zvakasiyana zveMakarov pistol:

• Weight:

- ine magazini isina makadhidhiji - 730 gramu;

- ane makadhi engoro masere 9 mm - 810 gramu;

• Yakareba urefu - 161 mm;
• Iyo trum is 93 mm;
• Kureba - 127 mm;
• Kureba -30.5 mm;
• Caliber - 9 x 18 mm;
• Muyero wemoto - mazamu makumi matatu paminiti;
• Nhanho yekutanga ye bullet is 315 m / s;
• Inoshanda iri kure nemamita makumi mashanu, asi simba rinouraya rinoenderera kusvika mamita mazana matatu;
• Chengetera ma 8 cartridges;
• Pfuti inogona kupisa moto chete.

Kusvika pari zvino, PM kuburitsa yakasimbiswa kwete muRussia chete, asiwo muBulgaria neGermany. Zvombo izvo zvakagadzirwa vasati vambove 1990 nemiti yeIzhevsk inonzi inoshandiswa.

Ukraine: "Fort-17"

Chimwe chezviitiko zvitsva zvevanyori vekuUkraine - iyo Fort-17 model - yakasikwa pachishandiswa Fort-12 yakagadzirwa. Izvo zvinobatsira zvakakosha zvakaderera uremu, simba, kusununguka kwekuchengetedza, kunyatsorurama kwekupfura, kuchengetedzwa mukati.

Zvigadzirwa zve Fort-17:

• Kurema - 680 mm;
• Caliber - 9 x 18 PM (yakakodzera 9mm Mfupi);
• Zvose urefu - 180 mm;
• Trunk - 95 mm;
• Kureba - 130 mm;
• Kureba - 32 mm;
• Chengetera kwemasvondo gumi nemaviri.

Inoshandiswa mumasangano ekuchengetedza eUkraine, SBU, Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Zvose zvibhakera zvenyika, zvisinei kuti zvakakwana zvakadini, zvinozopedzisira zvisingachaperi. Kurwisana nguva dzose (kumanikidzirwa) pakati pevakugadziri vezvombo zviduku uye vanosimbisa nzira dzekudzivirira kune imwechete yombo haigadziri. Ikoko kune zvakasikwa zvakakwana uye zvakasiyana siyana zvepistoti dzinosangana nezvinodiwa nenguva.

Kufambira mberi hakusi kumire, uye mukuvandudzika kwemaoko mashoma matsva nokuda kwekushandisa kushandisa teknolojia yezvino. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvose pistols ivo pachavo uye zvombo zvavo.