Pfumbu bere. Description, dzinogarisana

In Africa, munhu asina ruzivo mufambi vanovanda nengozi dzakawanda kumativi ose. kondinendi iri inogarwa nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zviri nani kwete kusangana oga. Haisi chete shumba, makarwe, ingwe, cheetahs, zvipembere, nzou uye mapere asi. Usiku, zvikara izvi aifarira kuva nevamwe vari kusashanda, uye nhamo mufambi akanga asina nguva kugumisa bonfire guru uye Stock pamwe huni kuti usiku.

Makwapa Hyena - chikuru mumiriri nokudya zvokupara mhuka. It chinonyanya rinosanganisa ose tsika, unhu uye mamiriro, kwese izvi mhuka. Muviri kureba mavara bere iri kubva 95 kusvika 166 cm muswe - kubva 26 kusvika 36 cm uye hunooma kukwirira - 80 cm.

Miti iyi, kunyange kuva duku saizi Zvisinei, ngozi vanhu, kunyanya rongedza. Uyu anotyisa chaizvo chinorura. Mapere pfumbu - chete mhuka vane shaya vanokwanisa kusika zvikuru nematambudziko (50 kusvika 70 makirogiramu muzana Square cm.). Ndivo nyore kutsemuka mapfupa mvuu. Spotted mapere akarongwa Dzvuku Book. Yavanogara dzesango uye makore 25 vari nhapwa - kusvika makumi mana.

The dzinogarisana pamusoro makwapa mapere - Wild Africa

mhando iyi pazvikara inogona kuwanikwa chete muAfrica. Vakawanda dzinogarisana ose makwapa mapere - nharaunda yose dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa. Izvi vainyanya kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva Africa, pedyo Cape of Good Hope, iri mwena kuna Ngorongoro, kuKenya, the Serengeti, Botswana neNamibia.

Wild Africa akapfuma murenje uye mumasango nomunzvimbo dzine, asi pane makwapa mapere regai kuitika. The kufarira nzvimbo dzokugara - the savanna. mhuka idzi hadzisi chaizvo ushamwari nevamwe vomumhuri yavo kwemarudzi, saka chinowanzoonekwa chakakandwa kunze mitsetse uye shava mapere kubva mudzimba dzavo pazvigaro zvavo.

Chii mavara bere

Vamiriri ichi mhando vane yakafara dema yakagadzirwa kuti afanane imbwa, pamwe woita nzeve. In mavara mapere vari shaya simba chaizvo, shure raiiswa, hadzi makumbo mapfupi kupfuura mberi. Pasinei gogonera kukwirira makumbo, mapere kungakanganisa aimhanya kusvika 65 km / h. Mbabvu zvikara tetradigitate nenzara dzosa. Kana kumhanya mapere havatsiki zvigunwe. Mbava mhuka pfupi, kunze zvinonyadzisa bvudzi riri shure uye mutsipa, pova rinopepereka.

ruvara

Spotted bere ane nzira dzakawanda kuti coloring. Zvinogona kuva rima kana chiedza. Coat ruvara - yero mashava pamwe rima kana chiedza shava makwapa pamusoro muviri. The tomu rasviba, seri musoro ane yakatsvukuruka Hue. Brown Head, pasina nzvimbo. Makumbo Mbabvu ane kubatwa vachena. Muswe - shava ine muromo dema.

izwi

Hyena makwapa rinobudisa kusvika 11 akasiyana zvakarekodhwa anonongedzera. A ungudzai refu, zvakawanda sezvinoita "kuseka", mhuka idzi dzinoshandiswa kutaura mumwe. Panguva kurwa nokuti zvakapambwa ivo "seke-seka", "kuseka", hon'a uye mhere. Moans uye kuchema vakajaira kwaziso.

Sezvineiwo, kurira neboka varume izvozvo anopindura kashoma kana belatedly, uye zviratidzo dzakapiwa vakadzi, pakarepo. Low snarl uye ichinguruma ichiti giriri machemero (nomuromo akadzivira) kuratidza utsinye. High "kuseka" sezvinoita clucking, rakabudiswa nomufaro kana ngozi (somuenzaniso, kana bere dzingirira). Ruzha uye zvakadzama vibrating hon'a zvikara kushandisa kurwisa uye kudzivirira, sezvo kutyisidzira. Apo Lion bere anomununura anonongedzera navo ruzha yakaderera snarl.

Akanyatsorongwa muzvikoro

Wild mapere nemataundi matriarchal dzavo, pamusoro nzvimbo 1,800 ba. ? km. In makwai pane vanachandagwinyira akanyatsorongwa. Vakadzi nenzvimbo hukuru chinzvimbo pamusoro vasikana. Muchiitiko ichi pane chimwezve kuparadzana therebetween. Vanhu vakuru vari chikuru. Kekutanga mberi kudya, usanetseka pamberi mugomba, kukura kupfuura vana. Vakadzi vane chinzvimbo muna rongedza usaswedera neropafadzo idzi, asi kuva pakati vakuru vakuru.

Vanhurume yepasisa rakadzika Samanai. Panguva iyoyo ivo vakachengeta yakafanana kuparadzana. In mukuru vanhu vane pakutanga kuwana mukadzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose vanoratidza zvakajairika kuteerera vamwe vasikana. Nokuti rutoto vanhurume kazhinji kubatana mapute itsva.

Pakati mavara mapere vari kugara Inter-dzinza hondo nokuda dzinogarisana. Miganhu nharaunda kunoramba dzaifamba famba munzvimbo dzaiyambuka nevanhu pazvikara izvi uye vakaparadzaniswa faeces uye nokunobuda netsvina secretions odorous mumasero. Number rimwe dzinza anogona kusvika kubva 10 kusvika 100 vanhu.

sikarudzi

Spotted bere ane rakasiyana nhengo dzokubereka nadzo. vakadzi vose vane muviri ari muchimiro mboro. Kusiyanisa zvepabonde mhuka inogona chete kuva ruzivo nyanzvi. Female sikarudzi akafanana munhurume nhengo. The clitoris zvakafanana zvikuru yemukomana. Pasi ndiro scrotum. Clit kuburikidza nhengo inopfuura ari urogenital mugero.

Enemies makwapa mapere

zvikara izvi vane "Asingagumi" vorongerwa. Shumba uye mapere tichingotarisira aikwikwidzana. hondo iyi kunotora dzimwe nguva utsinye siyana. Kufanana mapere wokurwisa vaduku vana vayo, uye zvinowanzouraya akwegura uye vanorwara vakura. Mukupindura, Shumba kuuraya bere. Hondo pakati zvikara uye anoenda zvokudya. Shumba uye mapere kazhinji Vakadzingana mumwe kubva kugadzirwa. The kukunda inoenda vazhinji "yokuzviparadzanisa."

The mavara Hyena zvokudya

Hadzina chaizvo picky nezvokudya. Asi chikafu chikuru nokuda mapere - zvakaora. Vanogona kuvhima uye kudya nyama yakachena, asi havazvidzi mitumbi yemhuka, uye dzimwe nguva kudya hama. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mhuka idzodzi dzinokudziridzwa chaizvo shaya. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, makwapa mapere dzidye chikamu muviri kugadzirwa, vachisiya shoma pachedu. Zvingangoitika ichi chaitwa nokuda rakasiyana zvomudumbu hurongwa, uyewo kwazvo kushingaira gastric muto.

Chii chinogona kudya bere? Wildlife wakasika munhu "vanamukoti" nemamwe. zvikara izvi vanokwanisa kupinza zvose - ganda, mapfupa, mahwanda, nyanga, mazino, bvudzi uye mutsvina yadzo. Zvose izvi ozeyewa mudumbu kwemazuva. zvikara izvi zvokudya uye mhuka yakafa, izvo yaora anenge zvachose.

Zvisinei, 50% of kudya akaona mapere mitumbi vanoumba ungulate (chipembere, mbizi, Mhara, mhuka, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Zvikara kazhinji vanotevedza mhuka vanorwara uye vakwegura. Vanodya sezvo hares, porcupines, nemhara, warthogs nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, imwe remidzanga mapere vanogona kurwisa hofori kunyange zvakadai twiza, chipembere uye mvuu.

kunovhima

zvikara izvi kuchengetedza mukurumbira mhuka vanotya, kunyange hazvina kudaro. Maererano zveBhaibheri zvakawanda kuitiswa, mapere - vavhimi zvakaisvonaka, uyo vamwe iri unyanzvi neshumba. scavengers ava kupfuura kushingaira usiku. Uchitsvaka zvokudya bere madaro marefu - kusvika makiromita 70 pazuva. Masikati anovhima zvishoma kakawanda, vachisarudza havo zororo mumumvuri kana avete mumvura isina kudzika mvura.

mapere kunovhima iri vymatyvanii refu kugadzirwa run. zvikara izvi zvinogona kumhanya kure zvikuru. Vakati kubata kugadzirwa, kuti kutsenga chikuru ropa tsinga pamakumbo. Mapere regai dzipa vavo vakatambudzwa, kufanana nezvimwe zvikara zhinji, uye kunyange vanotanga kubvarura nyama mhenyu.

Hunting kunoitika nenzira dzakasiyana. In diki-Mhara kunze singly, mharapara - mapoka maduku 3 kusvika 4 mhuka. On pakuvhima emit mitinhimira siyana, asi kakawanda - "kuseka", akatendeuka kuva muungudze kwenguva refu.

With yaro rakaisvonaka kunhuhwidza, African mapere vanokwanisa kunhuhwidza zvakaora kure anopfuura 4 makiromita. Nokuti kunovhima vanoshandisa kuona uye kunzwa. Pasinei hondo kusingaperi pamwechete neshumba, mapere tora zvavo asingagoni, kana utano murume mukuru aripo mumusasa muvengi.

Mavara African chikara - zviri mhuka kunoshamisa. Hyena ine tsika woumbwende ravo, riri zvakanakisisa se kungwaririra. Iye nechisimba chaizvo uye haateereri. Kana bere ane nzara, zviri anokwanisa kubvarura mhuka yakatokura. The kuvhima ari kuedza kushandisa simba rake guru shaya, kukurumidza run uye ferocity. Nzara bere uye anogona kurwisa vanhu. Saka zviri simba kuitira kuti muviri womunhu unogona kutakura kubuda nyore uye gallop oga.

kubereka

Ruchikonzera kuti mavara bere inoshandisa burrows that mamwe mhuka kana nemapako diki. Cubs, pasinei sehasha yake, iye haadyi. Inosimudzira malignancy nokuda mukuru zviri ane androgen kemikari. Asi unhu uhwu anopiwa pachisikirwo kudzivirira mwana kuti vakadzi vanogona kudzivirira uye kufudza vaduku vavo, izvo tisvike zvepabonde pakunamata chete 3 years.

Zvizvarwa anooneka pamberi ratanga yokunaya. Hatching vaduku vanhukadzi mazuva anenge 100. Imwe nemarara anogona iine vana kusvika vana panguva. Chiedza vanoonekwa kare anoona zvakanaka uye nokunzwa zvakanaka. Pashure 3 months, vana kare kuyera makirogiramu anopfuura 14.

Kana wechidiki ngochani, anenge pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa anotanga hondo kusvikira rufu pakati pavo. Spotted bere kudyisa vaduku vavo mukaka pfuurei gore, asi zvisinei hakutadzisi vechiduku vanotanga kuvhima uye zvakanaka kunovaka muviri mumwedzi zvoupenyu rokutanga.

Kubatsira mune hunhu mapere

mhuka idzi kugara imwe huru nzvimbo kwerunyararo zvinhu zvipenyu savanna. Izvi dzinongoitika "vanamukoti". Vari vakauraya mumwe gore anoda kusvika 12% kuti wildebeest muna Serengetti, vachibvumira herbivores kugara arambe achirema yavo mhando mukati musoro mwero. Kumboda kuwana mhuka akwegura kana kurwara makwapa mapere mazino.