"Pinocchio," "The Hurricane," "Twister," "Dutu": hurongwa salvo. Description uye unhu

Nokuda kuramba Kusanzwisisana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika TV sefa kuramba kutepfenyurwa nhau mishumo imwe hotspot. Uye kazhinji akanzwa zvinovhiringidza mishumo kurwa, umo achishingaira kunosanganisira siyana akawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere gadziriro (MLRS). Murume asina nzira vemumapato kuhondo kana muchiuto, zvakaoma kufamba nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvose mhando muchiuto zvokushandisa, saka munyaya ino isu hunonyatsodonongodza vanhuwo murume munzira pamusoro michina rufu, akadai:

• Heavy ognemotnaya maitiro pamusoro mujinga tangi (CBT) - vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Pinocchio" (kashoma kushandiswa, asi chombo zvikuru kunobudirira).
• Multiple kanda chitundumuseremusere gadziriro (MLRS) "Grad" - zvikuru kushandiswa zvombo zvinoparadza.
• Modernize uye uvandudze "hanzvadzi" MLRS "Grad" - reactive volley-moto gadziriro (MLRS) "dutu-G" (iyo vezvenhau uye vagari vanhuwo kazhinji vachinzi "Dutu" kushandiswa mune kurwa motokari chassis mumotokari, "Dutu").
• Multiple kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa (MLRS) "Hurricane" - chombo simba zhinji nharaunda kuita, kushandiswa kurova chero chinangwa.
• Risina analogues munyika, nemamwe, zvichikonzera kushamiswa uye kushanda zvachose kuparara vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa (MLRS) "Twister."

"Pinocchio" kubva yakaipa rungano

Munguva pfupi kure 1971, muna USSR, mainjiniya ari "Design Bureau of Transport Machinery", riri Omsk, akapa mumwe Nyanzvi simba rehondo. Raiva yakaoma ognemotnaya kwegadziriro volley moto "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Zvakasikwa kwaizotevera kuvandudzika kunzwisisa ichi ognemotnogo akaramba semhosva "pamusoro chakavanzika". Development kwakatora 9 kwemakore, uye muna 1980 kurwa hurongwa, iyo rudzi tandem T-72 matangi launcher pamwe 24 vamhanyi, pakupedzisira vanotenderwa uye akapa Armed Forces Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio": kushanda

TOSZO "Pinocchio" rinoshandiswa kuti dzimba uye wandei kukuvadza:

• mupikisi midziyo (kunze warrior);
• soro-simukai nezvivakwa nezvimwe okuvaka;
• siyana inodzivirira hurongwa;
• manpower.

MRL (tộc) "Pinocchio": tsananguro

Sezvo vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Grad" uye "Uragan" TOSZO "Pinocchio" yakatanga kushandiswa Afghanistan uye yechipiri Chechen hondo. Maererano nemashoko ose 2014, michina hondo yakadaro vane mauto Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan uye Azerbaijan.

vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa, "Pinocchio" ane unhu:

• Weight CBT ane yakazara zvakawanda kuhondo iri matani anenge 46.
• Urefu "Pinocchio" - 6,86 m, upamhi - 3,46 m, nekukwirira - 2.6 metres.
• caliber anoshongwa ndiyo 220 mm (22 cm).
• Kushandiswa vachiridzira zvitundumuseremusere kusingadzoreki, zvisingagone kudzorwa pashure ivo rakapa.
• Most kupfura kure - 13.6 makiromita.
• The kunonyanyisa nharaunda kukuvara pashure kuita volley - 4 hectares.
• Kuwanda mhosva uye njanji - 24 zvidimbu.
• Sighting volley anoitwa kubva mberi Via rinokosha moto kudzora maitiro hunosanganisira Laser siyana Finder uye pamberi, rwakapetwa Switch, uye ballistic kombiyuta.
• Anoshongwa kupedza ROSZO pashure pokupedza watsemuka kwakaitwa chokufambisa uye kuchaja (TRV) michina 9T234-2 wokuenzanisira pamwe Crane uye loader mudziyo.
• Mhanya "Pinocchio" vanhu 3.

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva unhu, chete volley mumwe "Pinocchio" anokwanisa kutendeutsa 4 hectares ari kupisa hwakaoma chaizvo. Chaizvo simba, handizvo here?

Precipitation muchimiro "Castle"

Muna 1960, kuti ndiye ari USSR kuti pagadzirwe vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers nezvimwe zvombo zvinoparadza NGO "chiwanikwa" yakatanga imwe chirongwa muchivande, uye akatanga kuva zvitsva panguva iyoyo pasi zita MLRS "Grad". Corrections kwakatora 3 years, uye muna Soviet Army MLRS akasvika muna 1963, asi kuti haarambidzi kuvandudza nayo, rikaramba kusvikira 1988.

"Grad": kushanda

Sezvo MLRS "Hurricane" multiple chitundumuseremusere launchers "Grad" akaratidza mukurwa zvabuda saka zvakanaka kuti, pasinei kwake "pokukwegura", anoramba zvikuru kushandiswa nhasi. "Castle" rinoshandiswa kuti kushanda basa raishamisa chaizvo paupenyu:

• atirari mabhatiri;
• midziyo ipi muchiuto, kusanganisira warrior;
• manpower;
• murayiro namagwatidziro;
• zvechiuto uye maindasitiri zvivako;
• Anti-ndege enyika.

Kuwedzera muchiuto the Russian Federation, ezvinhu reactive volley moto "Grad" rine basa kusvika zvose kunyika zvenyika, kusanganisira anenge zvose makondinendi pose. Nhamba chikuru kuhondo motokari iyi mhando iri US, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. Volley-moto gadziriro Ukraine dzinewo 90 vamapoka "Castle".

MLRS "Grad": tsananguro

Multiple kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Grad" rine zvinotevera unhu:

• The zvachose kurema MLRS "Grad", vakagadzirira kurwa uye ukompletovannoy zvose projectiles - matani 13.7.
• Length MRL - 7.35 metres, upamhi - 2.4 metres, nokukwirira - 3,09 m.
• caliber anoshongwa ndiyo 122 millimeters (zvishoma masendimita anopfuura 12).
• Kushandiswa vachiridzira zvitundumuseremusere inokosha caliber pamusoro 122 neMM, uyewo shrapnel rikavapo putika projectiles, zvemakemikari, incendiary uye utsi warhead.
• Vachiridzira dungwerungwe MLRS "Grad" - kubva 4 kusvika 42 makiromita.
• The kunonyanyisa nharaunda kukuvara pashure kuita volley - 14,5 hectares.
• Kuwanda mhosva uye njanji - zvidimbu 40.
• Mumwe salvo anotora mumasekonzi 20 chete.
• Full mutariri kuchinjirwa MRL "Grad" rinovapo vanenge 7 maminitsi.
• A reactive hurongwa huri muAtlantic nzvimbo hakuna maminitsi anopfuura 3.5.
• Recharging kuti MRL zvinogoneka chete nokushandiswa chokufambisa-kuchaja michina.
• Pamberi chaitwa achishandisa pfuti Panorama.
• Mhanya "Castle" 3 vanhu.

"Grad" - kwegadziriro vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers, hunhu iyo munguva yedu kumusoro mamakisi ari muchiuto. Nokuti zvose nguva ivepo yaishandiswa hondo Afghan, mune Kusanzwisisana pakati kuAzerbaijan uye Nagorno-Karabakh miviri Chechen hondo, muhondo iri Libya, South Ossetia neSiriya, uyewo hondo yevagari muna Donbass (Ukraine), yakatanga muna 2014 gore.

Yambiro! Achisvika "dutu"

"Dutu-G" (sokutaurwa pamusoro apa, MRL unowanzonzi zvisizvo "Dutu", saka zvivanakire, pano mazita maviri) - ezvinhu volley moto, inova modernized shanduro MLRS "Grad". On pakasikwa chemasanganiswa ichi simba kushanda zvakagadzirwa mainjiniya chirimwa "Fusion". "Development akatanga muna 1990 uye kwakatora makore masere. Nokuti nguva yokutanga mukana uye simba reactive ezvinhu akaratidza muna 1998 pamusoro nokudzidziswa pasi pedyo Orenburg, pashure kwakasarudzwa kuti zvimwe kunatsiridza MRL. kuti ndiwane kwokupedzisira mugumisiro, Developers kwakavandudza "dutu-G" ( "Dutu") mumakore akatevera 5 makore. volley-moto hurongwa kwave zvikanzi maoko Russian Federation muna 2013. panguva ino munguva, m ino hondo The motokari chete mubasa pamwe Russian "dutu-G" ( "Dutu") -. Hurongwa salvo, inova nemamwe kwese.

"Dutu": kushanda

MLRS rinoshandiswa hondo kupwanya zvinangwa akadai:

• atirari;
• mhando dzose kwemashoko muvengi;
• zvechiuto uye maindasitiri zvivako;
• antiaircraft zvivako.

MLRS "dutu-G" ( "Dutu"): Description

"Dutu-G" ( "Dutu") - kwegadziriro vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers, izvo nokuda zvakasimbisa anokwanisa zvombo, siyana zvikuru refu uye akavaka-mu Satellite nhungamiro hurongwa rakapfuura wayo vanonzi "Mukoma" - MLRS "Grad" - 3 nguva.

Features:

• Weight MRL mu kwakakwana yakatarwa yava matani 15.1.
• Length "dutu-T" - 7.35 metres, upamhi - 2.4 metres, nokukwirira - mamita 3.
• caliber anoshongwa ndiyo 122 millimeters (12,2 cm).
• MLRS "dutu-G" riri kwose kwose kuti, kunze dzinokosha anoshongwa MLRS "Grad", unogona kushandisa chizvarwa chitsva zvombo pamwe patsanurika kurwisa tinofanira kugara okunze, akazadzwa kuputika sumbu okunze, uyewo kumusoro-putika anoshongwa.
• Range nzvimbo vakapfura pasi akanaka ezvinhu 100 makiromita.
• The kunonyanyisa nzvimbo yakaparadzwa pashure kuita chimwe volley - 14,5 hectares.
• Kuwanda mhosva uye njanji - zvidimbu 40.
• Pamberi rinoitwa pachishandiswa hydraulic actuators anoverengeka.
• Mumwe salvo anoitwa masekondi 20.
• Rufu muchina akagadzirira kushandira 6 kwemaminitsi.
• Vachiridzira rinoitwa Via kure chikwata (Du) uye zvakazara zvoga moto kudzora gadziriro iri muNzvimbo nzvimbo yemutekenyi.
• Crew - 2 vanhu.

Nezvaizoita "Hurricane"

Sezvo zvakaitika vazhinji MRL, nyaya "Hurricane" rakatanga muna Soviet Union, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, muna 1957. "Vanababa" MLRS "Hurricane" vaiva Ganichev Alexander Nikitivich uye Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Uyezve, wekutanga akagadzira hurongwa pacharo, uye wechipiri vakatanga kurwa muchina.

"Hurricane": kushanda

MLRS "Hurricane" akagadzirirwa aputse zvakadai nezvinangwa se:

• atirari mabhatiri;
• midziyo ipi muvengi, kusanganisira warrior;
• simba mupenyu;
• mhando dzose dziri kuvakwa;
• Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa enyika;
• tactical zvombo.

MLRS "Hurricane": tsananguro

Kokutanga, "Hurricane" raishandiswa muhondo Afghan. Zvinonzi kuti Mujahideen kuti vaneta kutya kuti MRL uye kunyange akamupa inotyisa remadunhu- - "Shaitan-nyere".

Uyezve, vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa, "Hurricane", zvainyanya iyo kuti varwi vanoremekedza, akashanyira Kusanzwisisana mu South Africa. Ndizvo muchiuto spodviglo kondinendi African kuti kubudirira mune MLRS.

Panguva iyoyo MRL iri mubasa munyika dzakadai: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Siriya, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Hurricane" ane unhu:

• MRL Weight zvizere monica uye akagadzirira - matani 20.
• Kureba "Hurricane" - 9,63 m, upamhi - 2.8 metres, nekukwirira - 3.225 mamita.
• caliber anoshongwa ndiyo 220 mm (22 cm). Unogona kushandisa anoshongwa aine monolithic mukuru-putika warhead, pamwe mukuru-putika zvinoriumba, pamwe Anti tangi uye Anti-vashandi zvimbambaira.
• Vachiridzira siyana 8-35 makiromita.
• The kunonyanyisa lesion nharaunda pashure kuita volley - 29 hectares.
• Kuwanda mhosva uye njanji - 16 zvidimbu woga vatungamiriri vanokwanisa tenderera madhigirii 240.
• Mumwe salvo kuitwa mumasekonzi 30.
• Full recharging MLRS "Hurricane" rinovapo maminitsi 15.
• Kurwisa muchina achipinda vachiridzira chinzvimbo mumaminitsi 3 chete.
• Recharging kuti MRL kunobvira chete kana kuwadzana TK-muchina.
• Shooting zvinoitwa kana nokushandisa inotakurika kure kuzvidzora kana kubva nzvimbo yemutekenyi zvakananga.
• The vashandi 6 vanhu.

Uyewo vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Smerch", "Hurricane" chinoshanda kwechiuto ezvinhu, uyewo nyaya apo anokumhan'arira anoshandisa yenyukireya, bacteriological kana makemikari zvombo. Mukuwedzera, kunzwisisa anokwanisa kushanda chero nguva, pasinei nenguva uye tembiricha nokufamba. "Hurricane" anokwanisa zvakanaka kubatanidzwa muhondo zvose chando (-40 ° C), uye kana uchimhanya kupisa (+ 50 ° C). The kuenda MLRS "Hurricane" vaigona kununurwa nomugungwa, mhepo kana njanji.

Zvinouraya "Smerch"

vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Smerch", hunhu izvo kupfuura zvose huripo MRL munyika, rakavambwa muna 1986 uye mubasa mauto ehondo USSR muna 1989. In ichi simba rufu muchina nhasi hapana analogues chero kunyika zvenyika.

"Dutu": kushanda

MRL iri kashoma kushandiswa, zvikurukuru nokuti yose kuparadzwa:

• atirari mabhatiri pakubhadhara zvose;
• zvachose midziyo kwechiuto;
• manpower;
• kutaurirana nzvimbo uye murayiro namagwatidziro;
• rekuvaka, kusanganisira zvechiuto uye maindasitiri;
• pamusoro-soro zvivako.

MLRS "Smerch": tsananguro

MLRS "Smerch" rinowanika muchiuto kweRussia, Ukraine, Brazil, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, China, Georgia, Kuwait.

vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Smerch" ane unhu:

• Weight MRL ndiye kuchakasimba uye vari kurwisana ezvinhu - matani 43,7.
• Kureba "Dutu" - 12.1 m, upamhi - 3,05 m, nekukwirira - 3,59 metres.
• anoshongwa caliber zvinoorora - millimeters 300.
• Kushandiswa vachiridzira zvitundumuseremusere sumbu pamwe Integrated Management Unit uye wokuwedzera injini kuti vanogadzirisa mhosva mirayiridzo kunharidzano. Chinangwa anoshongwa angava akasiyana, kubva kusabatana kuti tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa.
• Distance vachiridzira MLRS "Twister" - kubva 20 kusvika 120 makiromita.
• The kunonyanyisa nharaunda kukuvara pashure kuita volley - 67,2 hectares.
• Kuwanda mhosva uye njanji - zvidimbu 12.
• Mumwe salvo aitira 38 seconds.
• Wakakwana retrofitted MRL "Twister" anoshongwa rinovapo anenge maminitsi 20.
• Kuti tikurire ugamba "Smerch" vagadzirira vaifanira kwemaminitsi 3.
• Recovery MRL ndiyo chete neZvapupu TK-muchina vakapakata kondo uye kuchaja mudziyo.
• The vashandi 3 vanhu.

MLRS "Twister" - ichi ndicho chombo zvinoparadza anogona kushanda chero tembiricha mamiriro, masikati nousiku akakwana. Uyezve anoshongwa vanogumurwa MLRS "Smerch" akawira vertically, nokudaro nyore nokuputsa edzimba uye warrior motokari. Kutiza "Smerch" kwakaoma zvisingaiti, MLRS kutsva uye anoparadza zvinhu zvose zvayo nharaunda nezvaaiita. Chokwadi, izvi hazvina simba bhomba yenyukireya, asi achiri mumwe muridzi "dutu", muridzi wenyika.

Pfungwa "runyararo nyika" - zviri kurota. Uye chero pane MRL, musimbise ...