Photosynthesis mune miti uye mamiriro ayo

chirimwa photosynthesis chinhu chisinganzwisisiki panyama-nokukanganisika neurongwa zvinomera kutendeutsa remagetsi simba, riri gwenya mwaranzi kupinda kwemakemikari simba zvaishandiswa Organic yeimwe. Hwaro izvi chinhu cheni redox nemakemikari, somugumisiro iyo maerekitironi vari kubva nomupi-achidzikisa mumiriri ndiro sehydrogen, uye mvura, kuti acceptor, ndiko oxidant. In ichi fomu makabhohaidhiretsi uye O2 anosunungurwa panguva oxidation mvura.

Photosynthesis chirimwa ane matanho maviri akatevedzana. Danho rokutanga anonzi chiedza (photochemical). Panguva iyi, quantum chiedza simba iri dzikwanise kwemakemikari simba nokuda Links mukuru-simba yeimwe, uyewo zvakasikwa reductant. In danho rechipiri, ane zita rima (metabolic) yakatorwa makemikari simba ane kuderedza mumiririri uye zvakasikwa zvichipfuura loop nokuda Kuda kutamba uye kuderera kwemitambo carbon dioxide, apo makabhohaidhiretsi vari aumba. photosynthetic mashandiro anoparadzanisa chiedza nerima danho kwete chete panguva asi muchadenga. Light Danho anotora nzvimbo chaiyo simba kutendeuka thylakoid membranes, apo murima siyana kutora nzvimbo kana ari chloroplast stroma, kana ari cytoplasm.

Photosynthesis uye chirimwa afemeruke anobva Absorção de Água chiedza quanta, apo mukuru basa iri reDare chlorophyll Absorção de Água chakarondedzera zvinosanganisira rinooneka nharaunda, uye proximal kwazviri mugove michini uye ultraviolet kumatunhu. Mukuru ruvara zvinomera zvose kuti tiite photosynthesis ndiyo chlorophyll a. Green algae, mosses uye vascular zvirimwa zvakawanda uye chlorophyll b, izvo kunosvika chakarondedzera chiedza kunyura. Dzimwe algae zvine chlorophyll C uye d. Kuwedzera chlorophyll, pakuitika chiedza Absorção de Água dzinoitawo carotenoids uye phycobilins.

Pashure Absorção de Água chiedza kunoitika danho photochemical umo zvinobatanidzwa mhando mbiri photosystem I uye II (PS1 uye PS2). Mumwe nomumwe APS une nemapinduriro centre, sezvamakaropafadzwa nokuchengeta kuparadzana kunoitika, yemagetsi nezvifambiso cheni, apo Erekitironi oxidation, uye boka yenhengo kuti asimbise dzinotsanagura photooxidation remvura pakuberekwa kutsva nemapinduriro centre. In zvakaitwa nzvimbo vechiedza quantum simba iri dzikwanise makemikari, uye ipapo maerekitironi kutamira maererano gradient ari electrochemical mukana, vanoumba iri Erekitironi chokufambisa cheni yacho photosynthesis.

Photosystem II mhando anoita photooxidation maitiro mvura, nokudaro achiumba okisijeni uye protons H +. Parallel photosynthetic Erekitironi chokufambisa kwacho kunoitika hwepurotoni kuchinjirwa kubva chloroplast kupinda intrathylakoid mudunhu. The zvichiguma Maitiro kubereka NADPH uye ATP, izvo zvibereko inokosha photosynthesis. Uyezve zviri photosynthesis zvinomera kunoumba enzymatic maitiro umo carbon dioxide inobvisa akawana kubva mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye mafuta. Kana murima non-carbohydrate muviri une directivity, iyo yakaumbwa amino acids, makemikari yeimwe nemapurotini.

Metabolic pezvakaitwa nokuti CO2 Kuda kutamba mhando vari rakakamurwa C3, C4 uye Cam photosynthesis. Saka makabhohaidhiretsi, izvo yakaumbwa pamusoro rima padariro photosynthesis mu chloroplasts anogona iiswe muchimiro starch yeimwe mbudo iri chloroplast kuumba masero matsva kushumira seinokonzera simba nokuda metabolic siyana.

chirimwa photosynthesis anoshandisa muzana 1-2 chete kunyura chiedza simba. Kuwanda nedanho photosynthesis kunokanganisa spectral anoumba uye kusimba chiedza, tembiricha, mvura kurapwa zvinomera uye chicherwa kunovaka muviri, wevasungwa pakati CO2 uye O2, uyewo mamwe dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.