Mutauro Rusyn: unhu uye kupatsanura pakati tumitauro

mutauro Rusyn - wose boka dzakasiyana tumitauro uye idioms, zvakajairika pakati dzinza Rusyns, uyo akararama Ukraine ari Carpathians, kumabvazuva Slovakia uye kumaodzanyemba-Kumabvazuva kwePoland. Uyewo, vamiririri vanhu vaigara mune dzimwe nzvimbo Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, uye kunyange muCanada neUnited States.

Munguva yedu, maererano nenhamba, nhamba Rusyns riri pamusoro vanhu miriyoni nechidimbu uye. mutauro Rusyn kufanana Russian, Ukrainian uye Belarusian, sezvo rinoreva boka mutauro chete.

zvinofungwa nyanzvi dzemitauro

mutauro uyu ndiwo mumwe wemitauro kushandiswa VOJVODINA - Serbia raMwari zvionera mupurovhinzi iri kuchamhembe Danube. Saka kure hapana tabvumirana pamusoro kana tinogona kufungidzira mutauro Rusyn yakazvimirira. Ukrainian nyanzvi dzemitauro, zvisinei, sezvo zviremera havazivi kuti Rusyns sezvo ari oga dzinza, tichifunga kwavari ethnographic mapoka Ukrainians uye mutauro wavo - nendimi kuUkraine. Zvisinei, kwete kuti kare, muna 2012, zvakanga chisarudzo, maererano izvo Ruthenian akazova mutauro duku vanhu Ukraine.

Chokwadi, vaviri mitauro rwakada kufanana kuripo munharaunda imwe nyika, achava zvakafanana. Izvi zvinoitika. Kunze haachipo, uye mutauro Ruthenian. Zvisinei, Glossary payo, yakakura zvikuru kupfuura wokuUkraine, akazadzwa tserkovnoslavyanizmy. A pachena chinoratidza zviri pamberi Polonism, slovakizmov, Germanism uye madyarizmov. Vazhinji lexical zvinhu muHungary akatamira mutauro Ruthenian.

Nhoroondo musazonetsanazve

In rechi19 kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20 zviri Ruthenian nemagariro muvanhu hunodzorwa matatu kuitika. Sezvo mutauro anodzidza akanga aronga kutanga Russian Russophile, Ukrainophiles ukuwo, Ukrainian. Boka rechitatu akabata kuedza chaiko Rusin dzidzo mutauro.

Mumakore hondo Podkarpacie aiva pasi Hungarian rinotambudza, uye Subcarpathian Society of Sciences akabatanidzwa guru basa nemagariro kukura mudunhu. Negore hondo zvakanzi rakabudiswa "Girama mutauro Ruthenian", uyo munyori akanga Dr. Ivan Garayda rokutanga - mudzidzisi, mushanduri, muparidzi, nyanzvi uye mudzidzisi. Ndiye anosika munhu anodzidza Subcarpathian Ruthenian. In mutauro uyu, mumakore anouya munharaunda rakabudiswa magazini, nemapepanhau uye mabhuku.

mutauro mutemo

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mune post-hondo nguva Podkarpacie nokushingaira kukudziridzwa mabhuku mutauro kuUkraine, hazvina kubata pasi pakati Rusyns. Uyezve, kuvandudzwa Ukrainian phonetic kunyora kwava vanhu vakawanda dambudziko guru, maererano nako kuchine zvakawanda dzokuTranscarpathia Rusyns havazvioni kuti Ukrainians.

Pasinei neizvi zvose, pashure hondo Transcarpathia mukuru zvakanga chete kuUkraine, kunyange VOJVODINA mabhuku Ruthenian akabvumirwa kare maviri, uye girama yokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1923.

Harusati kuumbwa bhindauko mutauro Ruthenian. Mushanduri nokuti kunzwisisa tumitauro dzakasiyana arege inodiwa - vakawanda musimboti acho anogona kunzwisiswa kunyange kutaura mutauro (pasi zivo vamwe Eastern necheSalvic, Russian somuenzaniso), asi ichi hachisi kukwana zvizere maonero ari mabhuku basa.

Huru tumitauro

Mugore dzokuTranscarpathia nedunhu Ukraine, uye chikamu Prešov nharaunda kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Slovakia, vanonzi zvakajairika Subcarpathian Rusyn tumitauro, izvo, akavapindurawo, vari dziya kupinda Verkhovynsky uye dolinyanskie. Dolinyansky akadzvinyirirwa pamusoro kumadokero (lematsky) uye kumadokero (lishatsky kana maramoroshsky). Lematsky remutauro chakajairika kumadokero nokumusoro-kumabvazuva Slovakia. On lishatskom remutauro kutaurwa Rusyns vaigara munharaunda Teresva Valley kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira mumupata Rica.

In Transcarpathia muna Volovets uye Mizhgirya nharaunda anoparadzirwa Verkhovyna mutauro, riri chinhu chiri pakati uye dolinyanskim boykovskim.

Lemko remutauro pane zvino Slovakia kurutivi rwezasi Carpathians. Vamwe Lemko funga pachavo Ukrainians uye mutauro wavo - Ukrainian mutauro. Chimwe chikamu rinozivisa pacharo somunhu yoga rudzi.

Features

mutauro Ruthenian, nhoroondo iri saka kujairika nechitarisiko zvakawanda chaizvo nuances, hunhu tumitauro nevakawanda pamuganhu munzvimbo.
Kune mhando mbiri mavhawero uye e, yaiitwa mumutauro wekare, uye mune dzakawanda kuchamhembe tumitauro. In podkarpatorusinskom "e" anotaurwa saizvozvo sezvinoitwa Russian, kana shure payo pane nzvanyira zvakaoma (Nebo, Salo, derevo), asi kana mumwe chete nzvanyira yakatarisa kupfaviswa nzvanyira inzwi hunhu kuchinja. Language ayo madudzirwo pedyo kumberi kudenga, uye miromo yake akatambanudza senzwi "uye". Parizvino mutauro nekunyatsotsanangura voltage, uye nzvanyira "e" anobva zvakasiyana zvachose ruzha, mutsindo chanyatsosunga, yakatetepa, sezvo ari German shoko kuona.

Uyewo dzakasiyana maviri emashoko anogona kuva ruzha "Haiwa". In inowanzotorwa shanduro, hachisi rakasiyana Russian kana Czech "Haiwa", asi vasati munyoro emakonzonendi anotaurwa pamwe kwenguva miromo, Anoshandura muchinjikwa pakati "Haiwa" uye "U".
Labial nemavara "p", "b", "c", "M" iri podkarpatorusinskom avapa zvigadziriswe kana uchida nyoro pamusoro apa vavatevere "riri". Dental mavhawero "t", "d", "n" pamberi nzvanyira haina zvakazara mitigated, asi tiri Semi-nyoro, asi "c" uye "z" vari nyoro.

dzimwe ruzha

Sezvo labial "mu" madudzirwo nyoro, zviri zvishoma nezvishoma uye anyangarika chose. Carpathian tumitauro All shoko "mutsvene" akanzi "syaty" kumadokero chikamu uye se "syaty" pakati kumabvazuva boka tumitauro.

Asi kuti kurira "s" kuchengetwa yoga kubva "uye". Kubva tumitauro Ukrainian podkarpatorusinsky siyana ezita mashoko anopera "ayu" Somuenzaniso: "Dawa" pane "kupa" uye "znav" panzvimbo "ziva" rechitatu munhu muuzhinji ushe anodzokororwa (Davut, znavut).

Hedzino dzimwe zvinhu zvakananga kuna Ruthenian: yakanyorwa manotsi uye (olayiti, doyiti), kuvapo zvuga T ', yakasiyana mubatanidzwa tsamba "LN" (rokumusoro, wechitatu). Vovratnye zvisazitasingwi mumutauro uyu anobudiswa kushandisa nezvimedu "Xia", riri akawedzera pashure zvisazitasingwi (Tatenai Id isu uchinyemwerera shure). Ndivo huru zvinhu kusiyanisa mutauro Ruthenian.

History kukudzwa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Subcarpathia maigara Hungarians, uye muna 1939 mutauro Ruthenian rinotsigirwa nezvinoitwa basa nehurumende. Vaitenda Ruthenian madyaronov Russified Hungarians. Nguva ino zvinogona kunzi kune pamwero maruva mutauro Ruthenian: Publication "The Girama mutauro Ruthenian", rakabudiswa mabhuku, akadhindwa mumapepanhau nemagazini. Zvisinei, muna 1944 pane kubatana Pidkarpatiya SSR uye hurumende yeSoviet panorambidza tsika uye rokudzidzisa mabasa vaiva Rusyns. Ivo chete kuzivikanwa rimwe dzinza duku Ukraine, uye mutauro wavo - mutauro, pasinei nokuti vari kweYugoslavia Rusyns vakanga pamutemo ave yoga vanhu.

Nyika neSoviet

Chete muna 1991, mushure chakurirwa, nyika dziri nhengo USSR, zvishoma nezvishoma akaziva Rusyns sorudzi. In Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania uye Russia Ruthenian kunotsigirwa tsika uye dzidzo munda, uye anopfuura makumi maviri makore Rusyns vakaziva Ukraine.

Zvinofadza kuti shoko "Ruthenian" anozivikanwa kwenguva yakareba. Kunyange Chronicle ethnonym ichi vainzi vanhu vaigara Russia. Shoko kanomwe chibvumirano pakati Oleg nevaGiriki, kufambidzana 911g. Kubva rechi13 kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18 atumidzwa Ukrainians uye Belarusians. In Lithuania nePoland, apo Rusyns nditi mugari vaizviti Orthodoxy uye vakataura zvimwe mutauro East necheSalvic kana mutauro (the Poles uye Lithuanians dzaiwanzova vaKaturike).

Kusvikira 1945 pakanga pasina adjectival "rusinsky", pane kushandiswa "Ruska" (saka zita rinonzi "The Girama mutauro Ruthenian"). Pashure pehondo, shoko "Ruska" vawana rinoreva "Russian", iro kwakaratidzwa Ruthenian ataura uye mabhuku.

The kudzidza Ruthenian

Izvi zvekare kunakidza chichavapo ndirumbidzwe. Kune nziyo zhinji kuti zvichiri rwakaimbwa Rusyns mururimi rwaamai, saka kuti, nokuti Mutange, unogona kufamba navo. Chero Svikiro mutauro East necheSalvic hakuna kuoma kudzidza mutauro Ruthenian. Self Help inogona kuwanika kuMudzidzisi mashoko pfuma, asi kupfuura kubatsira nharaunda munzanga network vakazvipira Ruthenian, izvo kukurukurirana zvakananga chizvarwa vakurukuri, uye kudzidza kubva kwavari.

Mukuwedzera, akatora rwendo, unogona kupedza imwe nguva mune imwe nzvimbo ivo vanotaura Rusyn. Izvi zvichaita kupa kukurumidza kutanga kudzidza mutauro, kuchaita kuti kugaya phonetic zvinhu. Asi tisati utakure kurovedza, zvakakodzera kuona bazi remutauro sezvo bhindauko Ruthenian achiri haako.