Philosophy tsika mu "Decline of West" Spengler

Kulturfilosofiya kana tsika uzivi - ndiyo davi uzivi kuti wakaipa hunhu, kukura uye kukosha tsika. Yokutanga kuedza kunzwisisa kukosha tsika munzanga musi kudzokera vekare. Somuenzaniso, vaSophist rwunoverengerwa pamwe kuona antinomy pakati dzinongoitika uye tsika uye tsika chinokosha murume. Vatsoropodzi nevaStoiki mukwanisi pfungwa iyi uye vakatanga dzidziso pamusoro uori uye artificiality "yavose tsika". KuMiddle Ages kunoshamisa pfungwa dzakawanda vakanga vachifunga pamusoro pane tsika uye nzvimbo yaro kwezvisikwa zvaMwari. Gare gare, munguva dzazvino, uye kunyanya yaitonga Kujekerwa, magariro netsika akapiwa hanya zvikuru. F Rousseau, J .. Vico, Schiller nevamwe akakurukura pfungwa yokusiyana wacho tsika National uye siyana okukura.

Asi shoko rokuti "uzivi netsika" yacho chinotaurwa pana pakutanga XIX remakore. German rudo A. Müller. Kubvira ipapo, zvava rinokosha bazi uzivi. Zvinofanira kuparadzaniswa muuzivi nhoroondo, sezvo nedanho nemagariro kukura rwevanhu, uye ndudzi uye vanhu zvikurukuru, asingadi uwirirane mutinhimira nhau pakukura kwenzanga. Zvinoitawo hwakasiyana kubva sayenzi wemagariro evanhu tsika, sezvo yokupedzisira inotaurawo tsika sezvo kutanga, kushanda hurongwa mumagariro uye paruzhinji ukama.

Zvikurukuru zvibereko Pakuurayiwa uzivi netsika rava kuguma XIX - mangwanani XX emakore. Paiva rose renyeredzi vazivi (Nietzsche, Spengler, G. Simmel, H. Ortega and Gasset, mune Russian N. A. Berdyaev, N. Ya. Danilevsky nevamwe) vakazvipira pakushingaira kwavo kunzwisisa nomumwe nzendo shanduka retsika vanhu. Mupfungwa iyi, mupiro chaizvo akaita Spengler kwakaita uzivi netsika, muzivi wokuGermany, wenhoroondo uye tsika zvidzidzo (1880-1936).

Spengler avasarudzira imwe yepakutanga chaizvo pfungwa cyclical kusimudzira tsika sechinhu mhando muviri mupenyu. Uchishandisa kushanda nguva yavo vamutangira, muzivi, zvakare, anodzivisa "tsika" uye "budiriro." Maererano Spengler, tsika nomumwe akaberekwa uye zvikamuka, mumatanho zvose - paucheche, pauduku, kuyaruka, akura (umo mutsika yasvika yaro yepamusoro kukura), uye ipapo enfeeblement yokukwegura uye pakupedzisira rufu. Kana tsika nemagariro ari kufa kana degenerating nayo ichichinja budiriro. Ichitanga upenyu chirimwa kunotora makore zviuru gumi zana. Philosophy tsika Spengler akaratidza zvizere mubasa rake nomuvuki rokuti "The Decline muEurope", umo muzivi afanotaura rufu European yebudiriro wayo degeneration kunyika soulless nhangemutange fashoni, mafaro, hoarding, ruchiva rwesimba uye upfumi.

uzivi netsika mukudzidzisa Spengler inobva mbiri dzinokosha pfungwa - ". budiriro" "tsika" uye Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo muzivi uye anopa budiriro zvakadai unflattering epithets se "vakawanda munzanga" uye "soulless njere" haafaniri simplistically kufunga kuti akaramba zvachose zvakanakira zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi. Zvakangofanana kuti tsika ndiye mweya, uye budiriro kwagara woMweya, nekuti tsika nemagariro ari kutsvaga kutaurirana nevamwe nyika, kuti hahuwanikwi ndege zvinhu, asi munhu nebudiriro pfungwa ubanguranyika uye kubudirira munyika, zvinhu utariri. Culture, maererano Spengler hwakada chokuita kapoka, iye nezvitendero tsananguro. Civilization anovandudza pose, zviri soulless. Civilization unotsvaka simba, kuti atonge pamusoro hunhu, tsika anoona zvakasikwa, chinangwa uye mutauro. Culture - National, uye pasi pose budiriro. Culture - the revatongi, uye budiriro inogona kunzi democratic.

Philosophy tsika, nokuti oupenyu Spengler, aifanira kukurira 8 tsika kwegore risingapindiki, atofa, muEgipita, hweBhabhironi, Maya tsika, yeGirisi Roman (Apollo) uye rinooma - Indian, Chinese, Byzantine-Arab (mashiripiti) uye Western (Faustian). Sezvingatarisirwa, pamwechete kwezuva kuguma kwenyika Europe haisi nechokwadi Spengler: nguva kuchaita soulless nguva vakawanda kuparadzwa, apo imwe nzvimbo, mune dzimwe pakona nyika haangavi ripen uye anotumbuka akasiyana tsika, "semaruva musango."