Basic Pfungwa ouzivi

Yokungotaura substantiation nzanga dzemazuva ano rinoshandisa imwe sarudzo, izvo akazviratidza nokuda kufunga nevazivi avo extrapolated pfungwa yavo youzivi munyika chaiyo. Nokufamba kwenguva uye kuchinja mararamiro kwenzanga dzidziso idzi akaongororwa, vaisanganisa uye kuwedzerwa, akapfupikisa kupinda chii tine panguva. sayenzi yemazuva rinozivisa maviri uzivi inokosha munzanga; asi rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma uye pfuma.

rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma dzidziso

Rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma pfungwa iri kuti hwaro munzanga, paro chinoumba pakunamata, chiedza, uye kukwirira tsika zviumbu kuti vanoumba kupiwa vanhu. Kazhinji pasi tsvimbo Ndakanzwisisa Mwari, yakachena chikonzero, World pfungwa kana kuziva kwevanhu. The inokosha Pfungwa iri chinyorwa kuti nyika hunodzorwa pfungwa. Uye mumwe Vector (zvakanaka, zvakaipa, altruistic, uye zvichingodaro. D.) kuti "bhizimisi" iri misoro vanhu vakafunga, Zvaiita kurongazve rose revanhu.

Pasina mubvunzo, vamwe chikonzero, imwe dzidziso yakadaro. Somuenzaniso, chokwadi chokuti zviito zvose zvakaitwa munhu kunoitika chete chikamu kwepfungwa uye kuziva. Pamberi weboka basa, imwe dzidziso yakadaro aigona kuonekwa sezvo zvifakazira. Asi panguva apo pfungwa zvoupenyu hwavo aparadzana mumuviri, paiva fungidziro kuti pfungwa uye pfungwa yakamira pamusoro acho. Zvishoma nezvishoma pakanga anotambura basa basa mupfungwa, uye basa rakaoma rinoitwa nevaya vasina kupinda pedenderedzwa vasanangurwa.

zvinhu dzidziso

Zvinhu chete dzidziso inogona muzvikamu zviviri. Wokutanga anokwevera kufanana nzvimbo dzokugara vanhu uye paumbwe kwenzanga. Kureva nzvimbo, nzvimbo, zviwanikwa, kuwana mvura huru matangi zvichingodaro. D. Ziva mirayiridzo remangwana ehurumende uye ayo ezvematongerwo enyika ari stratification munzanga.

Chikamu chechipiri zvinoratidzwa dzidziso Marxism: basa - ndiwo munzanga. Nokuti zvidzidzo mumabhuku, unyanzvi, sainzi kana uzivi, unofanira kusangana zvinodiwa zvinokosha. Naizvozvo akavaka chepiramidhi tsoka mana: zvoupfumi - social - enyika - pakunamata.

Nyore uye dzimwe pfungwa

Zvishoma anozivikanwa pfungwa ouzivi: zvoga, technocratic uye phenomenological dzidziso.

Zvoga pfungwa anotsanangura maumbirwo kwenzanga, kureva hunhu hwake, kureva, muviri, zvipenyu, mitemo nenzvimbo okukura kwevanhu. A zvakafanana womuenzaniso rinoshandiswa zvipenyu kutsanangura tsika mhuka mukati rongedza. Man, maererano nepfungwa iyi, zvakasiyana chete dzakananga maitiro.

Technocratic pfungwa chokuita chimbichimbi nzendo kukura zvesainzi, kwakapararira okusuma rwokugadzirwa mberi uye kuchinja nzanga imwe kukurumidza kuchinja mamiriro.

Phenomenological dzidziso - kunokonzerwa dambudziko rakawira vanhu munhau achangopfuura. Nevazivi vanoedza kuona pfungwa kuti nzanga yakawanikwa kubva pacharo, pasina kuvimba kwokunze zvinhu pamusoro. Asi kupararira haana.

mufananidzo wenyika

uzivi Basic vanoti pane zvakawanda zvikuru fungidzira mufananidzo wenyika. Izvi kutsinga dzinouya-spatial, tsika uye zvokunamata uye dzisiri, muchirumbidza mumuviri, zvipenyu, dzidziso dzouzivi.

Kana ukatanga kubva kumagumo, kuti kwouzivi pfungwa kunobva kumativi pfungwa yokuti, ruzivo rwake uye ukama kuziva vakawanda uye murume zvikuru. Nhoroondo uzivi chinoratidza kuti mumwe mutsva pavaipfuura pfungwa yokuva pasi reconsideration, vakanga humwe uchapupu ivepo kana kuramba. Panguva iyoyo, dzidziso inoti ndiyo, uye zivo yake ari kugara simba zvakanyatsoenzana nesayenzi uye nemasangano pakunamata.

Pfungwa dzevanhu

Pfungwa ouzivi vanhu zvino anotarira rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma dambudziko kwevanhu, vanonzi "chakaita zvokugadzirwa" pfungwa. Kwouzivi anthropology anoedza kunzwisisa munhu munyaya ose mabasa ayo, kunobatanidza mushonga, genetics, wefizikisi, uye sayenzi vamwe. Panguva iyoyo, pane chete Chidimbu dzidziso: zvipenyu, mupfungwa, chitendero, tsika, asi hapana mutsvakurudzi zvaizoita batanidza kubva mukati ane Integrated hurongwa. Pfungwa ouzivi murume uye mubvunzo unoramba pamusoro iyo inopfuurira chizvarwa kuitika vazivi.

yepfungwa

Pfungwa kwouzivi okukura sezvo dichotomous. Inoitwa dzidziso vaviri dialectic uye metaphysics.

Dialectics - pokukurukurwa zviitiko uye kuitika munyika yose zvavo siyana, guru kukura, nadzurudzo uye kudyidzana pamwe nemumwe.

Metaphysics zvakare anofunga zvinhu oga, pasina kutsanangurwa ukama hwavo, pasina kufungisisa simba ravo pane mumwe. Kokutanga dzidziso Arayirwa Aristotle, vachiti, pashure kupfuura dzakatevedzana kuchinja, nyaya iri dziri chete sezvatingagona.

Kwouzivi Dzidziso dzinokudziridzwa mu kufanana sayenzi uye rubatsiro kuti riwedzere ruzivo yedu pamusoro nyika. Vamwe vavo vari akatsinhira, uye anoramba chikamu chete inferences, uye zviyero vanorambwa sezvo asina hwaro.