The yakanakisisa Mifananidzo Dzhotto Di Bondone uye tsananguro dzavo

Words zvinogona akasarudzwa mabasa makuru Italian painter Giotto Di Bondone - nayo akarongwa nyanduri Arseniya Tarkovskogo:

Ndiri munhu, ndiri pakati kwenyika,

Nokuti ini nezvuru infusoria,

Pamberi pangu mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nyeredzi.

Ndakaenda ake zvizere yakakwirira pakati pavo -

mabhanga maviri bhainda Sea,

Two nzvimbo kwakabatana ne zambuko.

Mashoko aya anorondedzera kwete munyori, asi nguva yose yaairarama. Paintings kubudikidza Giotto uye ndiye zambuko kuti kuizwi mumatanho maviri ari unyanzvi kupenda.

Muvambi kupenda ano

Giotto akararama pakupera kwezana maviri emakore - 13th uye rechi14. pakati hwake chaizvo zvakaitika panguva iyi, uye nguva ino mutsika nyika inonzi nguva Dante uye Giotto. Vakanga vomunguva.

Muzivi Merabhi Mamardashvili pamusoro mifananidzo kubudikidza Giotto akamboti: "Giotto rakabudiswa muna transcendental razero". Mutsara kunzwisisa panguva yake akaita zhinji kuseka. Asi kana uchifunga nezvazvo, kana pane zvose zvakafanana haigoni akati. Pashure Giotto sezvo emhizha zvakatangira muvare.

Tarisa kupfuura nomukurumbira mifananidzo yose Giotto. Zvaakaita unyanzvi, kuti iye zvinganaka unyanzvi, hapana pamberi pake ati zvaitwa. Akatanga kubva muvare, uye pamwe, mupfungwa iyi, mumwe murume shasha achipinda transcendental razero. Michelangelo, Pol Sezann uye Kazimir Malevich akaita. Vakatanga kubva pakutanga, kubva muvare. Mupfungwa iyi, uye Giotto vakasvika kusava razero. Nokuda zvinganzi zvikuru zvakadzikama uye nechivimbo: kuchitanga Giotto Bondone ano European kupenda.

Yakakurumbira zvakasikwa

Zvatinoziva mifananidzo kubudikidza Giotto? Ndiyo "achikudza Magi", "Mharidzo muTemberi", "The Entombment", "Blessing Anna," "The Crucifixion", "Chishamiso kunobva." Giotto von Bondone mifananidzo uye murals nokuda chapero akanyora Del Arena muna Padua, nokuti machechi muFlorence uye Assisi. manyorero yake haigoni kuvhiringidzwa manyorero mamwe Artists. Description of mifananidzo kubudikidza Giotto - a retrospective mufananidzo Gospel. Iye akatisiyira zvifananidzo zvevasande echiKristu, akadai St. Francis kutaurirana. Lawrence, kukurukurirana. Stephen, John Bogoslov , et al for.

Mifananidzo Giotto kuti nemazita okuremekedza mukuwedzera Padua, Florence, uye Vatican ari pamabhuku ose muunganidzwa mamiziyamu dzakadai Jacquemart-André uye Louvre muFrance, muna National Gallery of Art Washington uye Raleigh (University of North Carolina), muParis, muGermany uye UK .

Pamberi pake waiva mufananidzo, kana Byzantine uri wokurera ari European nyika. Paintings Dzhotto Di Bondone mazita nyaya mubhaibheri taura pachavo. Asi ichi hachisi icon. Ndicho akakurumbira "Madonna pamusoro Ognissanti", muNzvimbo Uffizi, uye kupendwa pamusoro Giotto "Flight kuEgipita".

Kupa zvebhaibheri vatambi corporeality

Wenhoroondo dzoupenyu kuItaly Artists Dzhordzho Vazari rinotiudza ngano kuti aivapo panguva iyoyo, aiva mboni Giotto, Cimabue yokudhirowa. Uye miziyamu pedyo Uffizi Hang mifananidzo miviri, vaviri Madonna - Madonna Madonna Cimabue uye Giotto.

Paunoona vaviri Madonnas uye enzanisa navo, kunyange kana usingazivi chinhu pamusoro unyanzvi, unogona kuona musiyano kwete chete pakati vemifananidzo vaviri, asi pakati eras maviri, pakati nheyo maviri akasiyana chaizvo. Unoona mhedziso musiyano. Unonzwisisa kuti vari yakasiyana zvachose maonero ino.

Cimabue mifananidzo kugomo yakanatswa, kwezvokufuka, zvinganzi kuti - kwete chete womufananidzo Byzantine, Ages uye gothic. Ake usina muviri Madonna, zvinoshamisa chakanaka, decoration. Long minwe, refu maoko regai kuchengeta mwana, uye kuti chiratidzo chokuti vari vanochengeta naye. chiso wake anoratidza akapfuura Byzantine kupenda Oriental seakafuridzirwa yakamanikana chiso, maziso refu, nhete mhino, kusuruvara mukuona ake. Izvi sandara Watermark dzakafuridzirwa zvimiso kupenda mifananidzo vanosangana. Kwete munhu, kwete mhando unhu uye chiso.

A anorembera pedyo icon, kana, muti, ane pikicha Giotto. Pachigaro cheushe, inlaid, akanaka choushe, ari maitiro kuti chete akabva apfuura, chete vakava mufashoni. Izvi inlaid machena. Mukadzi agere yakafara-pamafudzi, simba, muduku, mumwe tsuka meso azere dama. Zvakasimba vakabata maoko mwana. Beautiful chena hembe. The muviri kunosimbisa simba rayo. Uye iye wakadzikama isu vakarinda. Chake hapana kutambura. Izere yakakwirira nechiremera hwevanhu uye runyararo. Izvi hazvisi Madonna, kwete mufananidzo wemhandara. It Madonna mu rokuItari mupfungwa pashure uye kunzwisisa nyaya iyi. Ndizvo, uye Maria, uye akanaka mudzimai.

Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti zvaakaita Giotto kupenda, akaramba European unyanzvi kuti impressionism. It Giotto akasika chii mumutauro ano inonzi sezvamunoita. Chii sezvamunoita? Ndiwo sei womufananidzo anoona pebindu, sezvo iye akanga ave achifungidzira. Iye kuridza basa chapupu, bato zviitiko. It anosika fungidziro kuti paiva munhu.

Zvarinoroora pebindu chiito

Ndizvo yokudhirowa pachake ari munyori, mutungamiriri uye mutambi emifananidzo ake. chisikwa chake - rudzi yemitambo umo vatambi kuita uye aitungamirira vatambi izvi iye - womufananidzo. "Ndaivapo! Shoko kupa, ndakanga ndiripo, uye kuti zvaiva zvechokwadi, "- anoti zvaakasika anenge Giotto. Eya, ko kumboadya nokuti Ages pfungwa iyi vanoti!

Giotto anozviratidza kwatiri munhu ari kukonzera zvaanenge akanyora. Uye mifananidzo yake, akadai "Kiss yaJudhasi" uye "The Flight kuIjipiti" - seinäkartta ichi, rakanyorwa chakaona kuti chiito.

Fresco kupendwa by the artist

Around 1303 Giotto aiva zvinoshamisa kupa - kuti kupenda chechi duku, iyo yakavakwa muguta Padua muna Roman Arena. Wenhoroondo dzoupenyu pamusoro Giotto, kana pane mumwe biographers ake Dzhordzho Vazari anosiya mashoko anonakidza zvikuru. Anoti kuti Giotto Padua akauya kupenda chechi pfupi nguva mberi kambani yake, kuti, mamwe masoja. In sezvinoitwa kuMiddle Ages Andrei Rublev akanyora shamwari, sezvakanga kuMadokero chechi yakanga kupendwa ne emhizha ane zita guru, mamwe masoja, kureva, pamwe ake unyanzvi bhurigedhi. "Kiss yaJudhasi" - The mural, dzaakanyora pachake. Pasinei, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu mashoma izvozvo zvachose inoshanda rakanyorwa se "Utatu" Rublev, uye iye chaizvoizvo zvakazara kuratidza zvinocherechedzesa Giotto.

"Kiss yaJudhasi": rondedzero mufananidzo

Uye kana tikatarisa seinäkartta "The Kiss yaJudhasi", ipapo pakarepo sarudza meso murwiyo centre. Panguva pakati, zviitiko huru zvinoshamisa kuitika. Tinoona sei Judhasi vachimbundirana Kristu, absorbs izvozvo. Uye nhamba mbiri idzi - nechepakati. Tinogona kuona kurudyi, sezvo mukuru akapinda mutemberi muJerusarema. Ari kutaura Kristu. Uye tinoona kuruboshwe muApostora Petro, uyo kunyange waramba katatu jongwe risati rarira katatu, asi achiri kudzura rimwe chingwa banga akagura nzeve dzavo. Tinoona naye nebanga ichi runodzingira Judha, asi nzira yake akarwiswa neboka, uye kana tikatevedzera mirayiridzo maoko mukuru uye mirayiridzo banga, tinowana kuti pemitsara wekuita pamusoro nejasi Judhasi, chete nezviso zvavo. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti nechepakati nziyo havana kunyange zvidimbu zviviri vakabatana, uye zviso zviviri. Kureva, kubva panguva ino Zvinofadza kuverenga sezvamunoita izvozvi.

Energy uye umbirimi

Nguva dzose pamusoro Giotto kutaura neumwe ndyaringo: "Chii akazarura Giotto?". Somuenzaniso, mu "Amarcord" Fellini, kana mudzidzisi kuchikoro musi unyanzvi tichikumbira kuti vakasikwa Giotto, vadzidzi vakadanidzira pamwe chete: "Perspective". Ndicho shamisa zvikuru. Pashure pezvose, hapana nemaonero Giotto haana kusikwa. Ichi chinhu zvisiri mutsara. Haana kusika netarisiro uye mumwe inosvika pamufananidzo, apo nzvimbo inofanira kunzwisisa chiito pachena pamberi vateereri.

Tora Kutarira seinäkartta "The Kiss yaJudhasi". Pane boka revanhu. Zvino vazhinji vakauya usiku. On rima denga mazhenje, ichipfuta kodzero uye kuruboshwe. Unonzwa kufamba pamusoro denga. On rima denga magetsi, murazvo-chinja, unonzwa kufara uye magetsi revanhu. Chii kunakidza muboka? Chokwadi chokuti ane hanya. Vazhinji, kana iwe nyatsotarira, zvakagadzirirwa anenge ose yeboka. Pane chete incredible Kutamiswa mamiriro.

Mnogovremonnost

Giotto aiva wokutanga asiwo wokupedzisira. Iye, vanoti, kwete chete kuisa, asi akasarudzawo akawandisa matambudziko, kwete chete kusika rwiyo, "Ini, Giotto, chisarudzo kunoshamisa ona saka: vari pano vatambi vangu, hoyu kwaya wangu," uye kana akashanda ari mupfungwa kana iye More anoratidza chimwe chiito mnogovremonnost.

Mumwe nomumwe murals ake ari kushamisika zvikuru, uye kunyange nokuvhiringidzika. Sei munhu kuti upenyu pasina neizvi, sezvo vachiti, kuenda razero maganhu, akasikwa kubva muvare rechimanjemanje European unyanzvi, murwiyo sezvo kwenguva pfupi chiito somunhu causal ukama, saturate zvayo nguva kupararira uye vakawanda kwazvo mupfungwa noruvara?

mhedziso

Munyaya ino, tiri zvakawanda kana zvishoma hwakadzama chete mifananidzo maviri Giotto ainzi "Judhasi Kiss" uye "Madonna pamusoro Ognissanti." Muuki, unogona kuyeva magumo. Vanogona tarisa kwemaawa, asi hwose hakuna kukwana kutaura mabasa ose Giotto von Bondone, ane mifananidzo vakanga nokukosheswa nguva, uye akaramba ari nguva. Vose - mukuru kusikwa yokudhirowa uye murume akatanga kubva muvare.