Peter Kuzmich Anokhin, Academician: A Biography, mupiro sainzi

Inozvikudza musayendisiti-physiologist pamusoro XX remakore , Peter Kuzmich Anokhin - academician, muvambi zvikoro vakakurumbira mune zvesayenzi, muvambi mapazi matsva nesayenzi uropi, iyo yakava akatangira cybernetics - rabuda, kwese kuti musayendisiti Soviet. Vachibva nyore mhuri imwe anobatwa kirasi, akava nyika-mbiri imwe physiologist, kuunza Zvinokosha nesayenzi yeSoviet muna muminda neurophysiology zhinji, apo vari kutarisana kutambudzwa nguva nenguva kuti kusada kwavo kutevera zvesayenzi anotenderwa ideologically rukasimbiswa kosi.

"Ini ndakaberekwa mukati mupata"

Akarangarira kuti baba vake naamai vakanga vasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora uye akasaina michinjikwa maviri. Zvakanga zvakajairika pakati pavagere pomupata - kupfuura proletarian of Tsarina. Pano, ari mhuri imwe njanji mushandi uye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Academician Anokhin. Aberekerwa - January 27, 1898. Baba - Kuzma Vladimirovich - zvakasimba uye taciturn murume - rakabva Don Cossacks. Kubva mai - Agrafena Prokofyevna, chizvarwa Penza dunhu - akasimuka munhu anofara uye fara nevamwe hunhu, uye chikuru chepfungwa mukomana akava kuda kuziva uye kuda zivo.

Pamberi chimurenga, iye anowana dzidzo chesekondari - kudzidza waishandiswa chikoro (1914) uye anopinda nyika panenge pachivakwa, agronomic chikoro muna Novocherkassk. Nokukurumidza anomiririra inozviitira kuti kufarira chaivo sayenzi, ruzivo munhu, zvikurukuru pamusoro muuropi ake. Iye anotanga kufarira mabhuku sayenzi panyaya iyi, taura vadzidzisi dzinongoitika nesayenzi, izvo zvinogona kanenge kupa nhungamiro dzaro obrazovatelskih zvinangwa.

Nhengo Civil War

Proletarian mavambo Anokhina akaita kuti dzinongoitika chikamu mune echimurenga zvakaitika 1917, uye ipapo muna Civil Hondo kurutivi Bolsheviks. Panguva Cossack yemuna muna February 1918 Tsaritsyn aiva pasi kutyisidzira, uye jaya raiva achizvidzivirira - akagadzwa inisipekita kuti tsvimbo kuvakwa masvingo zvechiuto. Muna 1920, akanga achishingaira echiKomonisiti - akava nomumiririri Press muna Novocherkassk uye kuronga mupepeti huru pepanhau Don District - ". Red Dawn"

Pane anooneka kwakakomba tarenda sezvo munyori, iro nguva dzose aiva akazotevera Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich akanyora dzakawanda editorials uye yakawanda nyaya mupepanhau. Dzavo mutauro yainakidza uye wokufananidzira Akakwezva vanhu commissar of Education AV Lunacharskogo anoita chirongwa achienda mberi. Aida kusangana jaya munyori, uye pane musangano waiva kuti ramangwana musayendisiti-kumbozorora chiitiko. Anokhin akaudza vanhu commissar chake chido chokudzidza uye kufarira urongwa hwomunhu, raakanga zvichachengetwawo panguva dutu zvose zviitiko zviri munyika.

School spondylitis

Nokukurumidza kwakauya tsamba umo kutumira Anokhina kudzidza yakakurumbira musayendisiti - Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, dzinotungamirirwa neHurumende Institute of Medical Knowledge muna Petrograd. Muna 1921, Peter Kuzmich anouya kudzidza muchikoro ichi. Sezvo akanyora Papera Anokhin, academician Bekhterev akaita chinhu chikuru kwaari - zvose rakasungirirwa yose, nokudenga dambudziko dzesayenzi - chakavanzika hwomunhu, kana weboka rokutanga kufarira tsvakurudzo iyi.

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, mudzidzi Anohin anonzwisisa kuti hazvina kukwezva Psychiatry - chikuru mirayiridzo yebasa esayenzi spondylitis. Anozviona sezvo zvakare unspecific uye unsaid, kuti runoratidzwa chete kutaura chimiro. Akanga kukwezvwa kuti physiology uropi, mukana kuridzidza nokuzvisarudzira kumusoro kuedza haubereki kongiri zvabuda. Nepo chikuru simba munzvimbo iyi yaiva Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Maiva muna yezvirwere yake uye munzvimbo 1922 Anokhin. Academician Pavlov zvinokwezva musayendisiti muduku kuedza pamusoro pezviri chinovhiringidza - the narrowest pfungwa yokuti vakaumbwa hunenge.

Mudzidzi yakatendeka Pavlov

Kutya conventionalism mune zvesayenzi, kudzivisa munhu ari kuzviitirwa maonero, dzivisa bofu kuomerera chete ndezvipi, kunyange kana vari chikamu raiita inowirirana dzidziso - saka akadzidzisa vashandi vake physiologist kukuru. Saka kana muna 1924 yakabudisa nyaya "On Zvekupikisana pfuma uye matambudziko hwepfungwa", umo dzimwe nhengo Pavlovian mumarabhoritari vakaona yokuedza pamusoro dzinokosha zvokudya dzidziso vakaumbwa hunenge, uye munyori waiva Anokhin, academician pachake akadzivirira duku musayendisiti.

On kurumbidza kwacho pakati Pavlov Anohin wokutanga akava mudzidzisi weDhipatimendi Physiology of Leningrad Institute of zootechnical uye ipapo nyanzvi Medical rorusununguko paYunivhesiti Nizhny Novgorod. Pahwaro fakaroti ichi rakaumbwa Gorky Medical Institute, apo panguva weDhipatimendi Physiology uye anotanga zvayo akazvimirira zvesayenzi uye pedagogical basa Anokhin. Academician, ane Biography yagara chokuita Gorky, akasiya zvakakanganwika munhoroondo Institute uye vakakomberedza guta.

Institute of experimental Medicine

At weDhipatimendi Physiology of Gorky Medical Institute, iro Anohin dzikava rimwe chakanakisisa munyika muna 1932 zvakanzi akamisa bazi All-Union Institute of experimental Medicine, ane mutungamiriri uye akava Anokhin.

Muna 1935 akatamisirwako kushanda VNIEM kuMoscow sezvo mukuru weDhipatimendi neuroscience, umo iye kushanda experimental zveBhaibheri kuvakuru huta basa. Inosimbisa chinoshingaira ukama kurapwa masangano, izvo anoitisa vadyi tsvakurudzo pamwe vanoita, neurologists uye neurosurgeons. Zvakabuda zvidzidzo izvi vakaita basa rinokosha panguva Anokhina pamusoro matambudziko hondo kukuvara ari peripheral tsinga munguva Great Patriotic War.

Kutamburira kuchena dzino nesayenzi

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda sayenzi National vanoti achibvisa Anokhina kubva guru kusvika arikunze kuti - mu Nizhny Novgorod, akaberekwa ari kutanga pamusoro Pavlov, kuti aponese kubva kusingadzivisiki pakutsvaka zvakare akazvimirira pfungwa nezviito. Pfungwa varwi saka vazhinji nehana Anokhina kusarudza kurega kubhadharwa vebato zvakavakodzera kuti nokuzvidira kusada mubato. Ainzwa kuti mumagariro basa anogona kumumisa muzvidzidzo zvesayenzi.

Kuvimbika kwavo kuna chinokosha zvokudya pamusoro Pavlovian dzidziso akaparidza Anohin-mudzidzi uye academician Anokhin. Masayendisiti vanoti mukuru kukuvadza epamba nesayenzi vakauya vaturikiri ivavo nhaka physiologist huru, vari muchikwata che chisingaperi chokwadi muri saka akarasika vanomutswa pfungwa dzinoratidzwa Pavlov mu sezvo shoma sezvinobvira inferences kana zvekungofungira kuti murege kukanganisa kugutsikana uye kururama kwemashoko anokosha postulates pakati dzidziso.

Pokukundwa physiology Soviet

Gare gare, akarangarira zvakawanda pamusoro akakurumbira Pavlovian chechikamu - musangano pamwe zviri Academy of Sciences of USSR uye Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR kwakaitika muzhizha 1950. Pairi, zvichiteverwa genetics, rakachengetedzwa pasi rokuchenesa physiology yeSoviet. Several achitungamirira masayendisiti, vanoremekedzwa munharaunda nesayenzi, pasi kutambudzwa noutsinye kuti "yakatsauka kubva padzidziso Pavlov" uye nokuyemura nokuda Bourgeois idealistskimi nzvimbo vasiri nesayenzi. Dambudziko akatambura vadzidzi kupfuura pedyo uye akatendeka Pavlov - L.Orbeli A. Speransky, I. Beritashvili, L.Shtern. Hard vakanga vakatsoropodza uye mafungiro akaratidza Academician Anokhin. Peter Kuzmich, ane Biography aishamwaridzana navo kumisazve muna 1944 maererano Institute of Physiology panguva Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, abviswa utungamiriri, uye kusvikira 1953 - kusvikira afa Stalin - purofesa weDhipatimendi Physiology, Medical University mu Ryazan.

Mupiro huru yesayenzi

Dzidziso dzichipfekeka gadziriro - chaiwo mugumisiro kukura Pavlovian dzidziso. Dzidziso iyi zvikuru vakatenda chikuru nokubudirira mune zvesayenzi, mupiro wake kukosha nyika nesayenzi pamusoro uropi hwomunhu. Zviri kutsanangura pezvakaitwa inokosha muviri nokuda kuvapo imomo chaiyo shamwari private uye masangano anoshanda tichibatsirwa Neural uye humoral (kuitwa kuburikidza zvinwiwa) mirayiro.

Kwakadaro hurongwa dzinonzi kuzvicheka-ndangariro, nekuti pane chinoramba kuvandudzika. Mugumisiro kwakadaro gadziriro kunova maitiro chiito, uko chiri Ivan Kuchin afferentation kupima - dzinovaka. Pfungwa iyi inokosha kuti sayenzi dzokudzidzisa gadziriro, kuchinjwa, kuchengetwa uye kuchinja mashoko - Cybernetics. The baba sayenzi iyi - Norbert Wiener - aikosha basa, munyori chakanga Academician Anokhin. Photo akaita panguva vagari kufamba uye Wiener Anokhin of Moscow, akava chiratidzo hwepedyo uhwo sayenzi maviri.

Biological dzidziso manzwiro, dzidziso pamusoro takamuka uye hope, nenzara uye mukaguta zvigadziriswe yomunyika chinovhiringidza - matambudziko aya Anohin vobatanidzwa mumakore achangopfuura. Iye ikashandiswa tsvakurudzo wake kwesangano mabasa mudzimba uye wokumwe dzesayenzi nzanga, kuita wedzero mapuranga mabhuku vakawanda, etc.

PK Anokhin kudzidza mararamiro March 5, 1974, kusiya mukurumbira wakanaka dzavo nounhu hwevanhu uye nhaka huru yesayenzi.