Chii dhayamita pakati Mars uye sei kwazvinoita kuti dhayamita Pasi? Dhayamita, uremu uye rondedzero Mars

Mars ndiye nyika yechina zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri - pachimiro tarenda nyaya dzakawanda. Writers uye vatungamiriri kazhinji vakaiswa extraterrestrial budiriro, hasha kana ushamwari nesu pano. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo, zvinoratidza kuti yakadai zvikuru dzakabudirira upenyu musi Mars zvachose kwete. Izvi hazvirevi kuti Red Planet - nzvimbo mikukutu uye uninteresting. Mukupesana, masayendisiti akawanda mupfungwa dzangu hwabviswa pano, vachiedza kudzidza zvakavanzika uye kutsanangura zvimwe wechina nyika. Parameters dzakadai dhayamita pamusoro Mars, ayo vakawanda, kumhanyisa rusununguko kuwa, rokutanga uye rechipiri nokukurumidza yepasi pose munyika uye zvichingodaro, nokungwarira aunganidzwa anoongororwa yose kudzidza nguva muvakidzani wedu. Vaimuziva ari pedyo.

Features muchadenga

Mars - rondedzero nyika, zvichida, ndiko kutanga ichi - on mwero remoteness kubva zuva angava akarurama mhiri Earth. muchadenga kwayo ane kureba kusvika mabhiriyoni 1,5 makiromita uye, kufanana ruzhinji dzomuchadenga chiri ellipse. Mhiri muchadenga pamusoro Mars ndiye mukuru asteroid bhandi.

Imwe chimurenga munyika Dzvuku Planet anotora nguva yakawanda kupfuura Earth - 687 mazuva. Paavhareji kure kusvikira zuva Mars - vanenge mamiriyoni 228 makiromita. Enzanisa chete chakarurama Nokuda Kwenyika - 149 500 000? Km.

fanano

Panewo zvakafanana avo tsika parameters kuti munguva Earth uye Mars. Description of nyika nguva dzose chine ruzivo pamusoro nguva yadzo dzichitenderera ayo akabatana. Sezvatinoziva, Pasi ndiye maawa anenge 24. Kana nhamba haisi zvikuru yakasiyana Red Planet - maawa 24 maminitsi 37 22.7 seconds. Nemhaka iyi nokukurumidza majana muvakidzani wedu ane wandei flattened kuumba nematanda. Somugumisiro, kubva dhayamita panguva neequator pamusoro Mars siyanei chete mufananidzo namatanda. Zvisinei, ichi chete kuchiitwa Uyewo yo Nyika. The dhayamita pamusoro Mars iri makiromita panguva neequator rinosvika 6739.8. Izvi zvinomiririra anenge 53% of zvakafanana parameter panyika. The dhayamita pamusoro Mars, kana iwe usaruyera munzvimbo yamatanda, achava asingasviki 42? Km. parameter ichi chiri chete reshiyo pamwe pasi sezvo yapfuura mumwe.

The akabatana of Red Planet ane kumbonyanya guru angled kuti zvaidiwa kuti ndege yacho muchadenga (24 ° 56 '), iro rinopa mumwe kufanana Mars pamwe Earth - pamberi mwaka. Zvisinei, nokuda zvimwe zvinhu zvechadenga nyika kusiyana pakati zhizha nechando rakapinza zvikuru.

Humwewo parameters

Kazhinji, chikuru zvechadenga Earth anotarisa zvaitoshamisa kupfuura Mars. Planet gobvu ndiro 6,4185 × October ²³ makirogiramu - ndiyo chete 0.107 mumwechete parameter wenyika.

The arambe achirema of fuma vanoumba Mars, - 6,4185 × October ²³ makirogiramu. Kwakakura pamusoro rinokweva kumhanyisa - 3,7 m / c ^2. Temperature ezvinhu tsvuku nyika zvikuru dzakasiyana Earth. Panguva neequator, mhepo muzhizha masikati anogona ushamwari + 30º, uye chando usiku cool -80º. Munzvimbo chedanda tembiricha dzimwe nguva anosiya kuti -143º.

pamusoro

The puraneti Mars, mapikicha iyo kusunungura zvinenge zvose mafoni, ane kosi anomhanya apfuura Red Planet, ari dzinoratidzwa kwete dzinonakidza zviri pemvura zvokuyamura. Pano unogona kuwana akawandisa craters uye zvisaririra vekare zvakapinda zviri mumhepo uye mvura basa.

The chikuru chepfungwa pamusoro - rayo weboka zvikamu zviviri. The wokumaodzanyemba hemisphere afanane muronga yakanaka. Kazhinji, pose unomutswa nomumwe kana vaviri makiromita pamusoro avhareji chechetere. The nechekuchamhembe nyika, nekusiyana, riri pazasi avhareji. Zvadaro vashoma craters, chikuru chikamu nzvimbo inogarwa iri zvakawanda kana zvishoma wakatsetseka mumapani, anofungidzirwa inoumbwa kwevhu uye rwakafashamira dhaka. Sizvo rakafara uye muganhu mekuparadzanisa zvikamu zviviri, yakaitirwa mudenderedzwa guru, zvaidiwa vanenge 30º kusvika neequator. Chikonzero ichi nokupesana pamusoro masayendisiti achiri kujeka.

mamiriro

Mars yemapuraneti zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri chikamu chete boka nzvimbo midziyo, sezvo Earth. Izvi zvinonzi mapuraneti pano. Vari ne matombo mamiriro, kusiyana gasi vaRefaimu, umo mamiriro iri hunodzorwa gaseous zvinhu. Mutungamiriri pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zviri nesilicon anotora Mars (21%), zvichiteverwa simbi, magnesium, calcium aruminiyamu (12.7, 5, 4 uye 3%, ukuwo). Uyezve, musi Mars zvakakwana kumusoro tichienzanisa panyika pamwero rwesarufa - 3.1% of zvachose sezvamunoita.

The puraneti Mars, iyo kwakaoma kuvhiringidza mufananidzo mifananidzo nezvimwe zvinhu, yave ichizivikanwa kuti yakatsvukuruka Hue pamusoro. Zvakadaro zvakaitika anopiwa uye hydrates esimbi oxides anoumba nyika ivhu pamwe silicates vanoumba substrate kwayo.

matanda,

The polar nguwani pamusoro Red Planet vane Ukobvu anenge mana makiromita. Zvinosanganisira mvura echando uye carbon dioxide. Last yakaderera tembiricha richikunda ipapo, izvozvo condenses kubva mumhepo. Munzvimbo kumaodzanyemba polar chivharo geysers vakanga dzakaonekwa, anomirira musanganiswa pakati carbon dioxide inobvisa muguruva uye chando ari vabudiswa kuti rebei yakakwirira pamusoro pemvura.

Polar Ice nguwani vanotanga itye muchirimo. Somugumisiro, chaizvo anowedzera mumhepo kumanikidzwa uye kune mhepo yakasimba chaizvo, kufambisa kwebasa hunoshamisa uremu kubudikidza Vhoriyamu gasi iri pakatarisana hemisphere. Makarindira saka dzimwe nguva inosvika 100 m / s.

kufamba izvi uye mhaka guruva madutu, izvo maitiro chepfungwa nyika. Guruva madutu vari rakakura paumbwe ezvinhu Mars: simba tembiricha shanduko, kutungamirira kuti kukurwa kwevhu.

zvisaririra dzemvura

Mumwe chinokosha kuti atungamirire vanhu kuongorora muchadenga - ndiyo chido kuwana, kana kwete kukura upenyu, ipapo vanenge mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti parinowanika. Mars yagara aionekwa somumwe yakanakisisa vaida basa iri. Vaunganidza kufambidzana, uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Red Planet akanga kamwe kwenguva refu anogona kuva mumwe inokosha ezvinhu kuti chidzoke upenyu - mvura iri mvura ezvinhu. On Mars akaziva kukurwa kwevhu nowenyika zvainyanya mvura. Pictures of penyika Kutamiswa ramakororo zvakaita masayendisiti kuona kunyange yekuita zvakakangwa rwizi nzizi. Uyezve, mano kuwanikwa musi Mars zvicherwa chokuumba tembiricha zvakanaka zviri zvakafanira uye aqueous alkaline svikiro. Zvisinei, zvachose ndezvipi pamusoro mvura kare Mars, masayendisiti haasati asvika.

chadenga

Mvura mhute chipo mudenga goko iri nyika, asi riri shoma - 0.1%. In kunyanya (95%) kubva nyika muchadenga chinosanganisira carbon dioxide, senitrogen zvakare aripo (2.7%), argon (1,6%) uye okisijeni (0.13%). In pave methane uyewo awanikwa rinorema inert magasi ari pasi pfungwa kupfuura apa zvinhu.

Methane ndeimwe zvakavanzika Mars. fuma iyi yaora nechiedza chezuva uye kuwanda kwayo mumhepo, kunyange zvakadaro zviduku zvakawanda zvinoda kuramba tsime replenishment. To musi, pane huru mbiri kukwikwidza basa iri, gasi hydrates vanotsamwira ne munyika kupisa, uye Martian bacteria ineshongedzo kuti zviripo zvakadzika akaturikidzana ari lithosphere.

zvinyorwa

Pasinei nokuti dhayamita pakati Mars (mu kilometers), ayo uremu uye dzimwe parameters zvibereko zvenyika, kunewo midziyo hunoshamisa miganhu. Chief pakati pavo - iri anoputika uye makomo. A guru kuputika mubani Tarsis iri kuchamhembe hemisphere yepasi uye kunosvika kuti zviuru zviviri makiromita. Pano dziri anoputika akadai Arsiya, Pavonis uye Askreus. Pedo navo, pamupendero Tarsis, uye ndiye mukuru "kukwezvana" the Red Planet - Mount Olympus. Anosvika kukwirira 27 km, riri kuonekwa zvepamusoro munyika yose renzou. Dhayamita Olympus ndakabatikana pamusoro nharaunda iri 550? Km.

Tarsis mundima anogona kuwanikwa nezvikanganiso. Remasangano aya ndiwo anonzi mupata Kumufambisi Wechikepe 4,5 zviuru makiromita pakureba uye 600? Km yakafara ine kudzika kusvika 10 km. Dzinoburukira mujinga romupata kazhinji vane unoyevedza muna Solar System Madhaka.

remagineti

Kana dhayamita yepasi Mars, uye dzimwe nhamba maitiro ayo chaizvo kuzivikanwa uye haina akabvunza, vamwe parameters hunokonzera mibvunzo yakawanda pakati pemasayendisiti. Pakati pavo, remagineti panyika. Chaizvoizvo izvozvo haapo: hapana kudzivirira Mars pakuona chiedza chezuva. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo chitundumusere-musere zvakaratidza kuti nyika ine mapazi pamwe zvakakwana simba remagineti. Pane dzidziso kuti Mars anenge mabhiriyoni 4 apfuura, nevakange dziviriro simba kubva zuva, akafanana Dzenyika, asi zvino achirasa.

Fixed minda residues vane rakatumbuka polarity rinoparadza, kuripa kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. Upamhi anosvika zviuru makiromita. Kwakadaro omunharaunda remagineti - dambanemazwi nokuti vanotsvakurudza. Hazvina kujeka kana mabviro kwavo kana chinokonzera polarity ichi.

The dhayamita pamusoro Mars, zvisinei, uyewo dzimwe nguva kare kwave chakavanzika vanhu. Studies of Red Planet uye anoramba kuwedzera kuipa nokuda injiniya zvakaisvonaka uye ruzivo rutsva pasango zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika. Naizvozvo hapana chikonzero chiri chose chokudavira kuti zvakavanzika Mars, nzira imwe kana mumwe zvichabudiswa pachena uye akatsanangura mune ramangwana isiri kure.