Dzidziso electrolytic dissociation. A nyore Tsanangudzo pezvakaitwa dzakaoma

With rokuti "electrolytic dissociation" masayendisiti kushanda mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. Chitarisiko chake, tinotarisirwa ne kemisiti Swedish Arrhenius. Kushanda dambudziko electrolyte mumakore 1884-1887, akatanga kuti kutsanangura Chiitiko kuti ionization mune zvinogadzirisa uye pakugadzirwa uchanyangadika. The mashandiro pamusoro Fani uyu akafunga kuti atsanangure manyowa pakati mamorekuru kupinda ions, masangano ane akanaka kana akaipa mutariri.

Dzidziso electrolytic dissociation anotsanangura conductivity vamwe mhinduro. Somuenzaniso, kuti potassium chloride runozivisa ichi munyu kukamurwa mamorekuru kuti potassium Ion kuva mutariri ine chiratidzo KCl «ndinoiitawo" (nokuo- nga) uye kuiisa chlorine Ion, mhosva ine chiratidzo "kubvisa" (anion). Hydrochloric asidhi HCl rinotsemuka mugomba nokuo- nga (rehydrogen Ion) uye anion (chloride Ion), mhinduro ine yavaibvisa hydroxide Kudo kunotungamirira yavaibvisa Ion uye anion sezvo hydroxide Ion. The chikuru zvokudya dzidziso electrolytic dissociation rinorondedzera maitiro ions mune mhinduro. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, vachifambira zvikuru pachena mukati mhinduro, uye kunyange chiduku donhwe chemhinduro chinotsigirwa yunifomu kuparadzirwa oppositely mhosva nemagetsi mhosva.

Dzidziso paumbwe electrolytic dissociation pakati electrolytes mu aqueous dambudziko akatsanangura sezvinotevera. The pakuonekwa vakasununguka ions kunoratidza kuparadzwa sekristaro zvakachinjikwa zvinhu. Izvi neurongwa Kuparadzwa nefuma mumvura iri kukanganiswa matambudziko polar solvent mamorekuru (mu muenzaniso wedu isu funga mvura). Saka vanokwanisa kuderedza simba electrostatic okutorwa chiripo pakati ions ari sekristaro yekamuri site, zvichiguma ions vari hwakatamisirwa vakasununguka kwebasa mhinduro. The vakasununguka ions kupinda nharaunda yacho polar mvura mamorekuru. Izvi goko siyana vakavapoteredza, dzidziso electrolytic dissotsiatsiinazyvaet hydrated.

Asi dzidziso electrolytic dissociation Arrhenius anotsanangura paumbwe electrolytes kwete chete mhinduro. The sekristaro yekamuri inogona kuparadzwa pasi pokudzora tembiricha. Muchidziisa sekristaro, tinowana migumisiro kwakanyanya oscillations zviri ions iri yekamuri site, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiita kuti kuparadzwa sekristaro uye kwaita uchanyauka zvachose rinoumbwa ions.

Vodzokera mhinduro kunzi yoga pfuma ane pfuma, iyo ratinoti solvent. Mumiriri dzepamusorosoro mhuri iyi ndiyo mvura. The chikuru chepfungwa ndiyo pamberi dipole mamorekuru, i.e. kana mumwe mugumo Morekuru iri chokwadi mhosva uye nemamwe okusafarira. The mvura Morekuru zvakazara asangana izvi zvinodiwa, asi mvura haisi chete solvent.

Masero anogona kukonzera electrolytic dissociation uye non-aqueous polar zvokufembedzwa Somuenzaniso, mvura sarufa dioxide, mvura amoniya, uye nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, zviri mvura kuti anopindura chikuru nzvimbo mune dzino nokuda kwayo zvinhu simba (kuiparadza) ari electrostatic kukwezvana uye kuparadza crystalline yekamuri anooneka kunyanya yakajeka. Saka, kutaura pamusoro zvinogadzirisa, isu here chinhu aqueous zvokunwa.

A kunyatsodzidza ari zvivako zviri electrolytes kutamira kune pfungwa simba uye mwero dissociation. Vachitungamirirwa mwero dissociation pamusoro electrolyte chinorehwa nhamba dissociated mamorekuru hwavo zvachose. Zvinogona electrolytes, coefficient ichi anoda kubva razero mumwe, uye ukuru dissociation, izvo zvakaenzana razero, rinoratidza kuti tiri mukubata nevasiri electrolytes. On kuwedzera ukuru dissociation pakati kunobatsirawo kuwedzera tembiricha chemhinduro.

Electrolytes simba anosarudza ukuru dissociation, akagovera kugara yevasungwa uye tembiricha. Strong electrolytes vane mwero dissociation, pedyo kubatana. Zvakanaka soluble munyu, alkalis, acids.

Dzidziso electrolytic dissociation Zvinobvira kutsanangura zvakawanda mananara, izvo akadzidza ari kuumbwa wefizikisi, kemisitiri, physiology zvinomera nemhuka, yokungotaura electrochemistry.