The kutsanangura kuti Zeno pamusoro Elea

Zenon Eleysky - Greek logician uye muzivi, iyo ainyanya kuzivikanwa kutsanangura ake, ainzi mune kukudzwa kwake. Upenyu hwake Hazvizivikanwi kwazvo. Yekwako Zeno - Elea. Uye mabasa Plato muzivi rinotaurwa musangano Socrates.

Around 465 BC. e. Zeno akanyora bhuku, iyo vakarondedzera pfungwa dzavo dzose. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa kuti nhasi harina kuwana kurwa. Maererano nengano, muzivi akafa muhondo mudzvinyiriri (anofungidzirwa musoro Elea Niarchos). ruzivo All pamusoro Elea akaunganidza zvishoma ne zvishoma: pamabasa hwaPlato (akaberekwa makore 60 gare gare, Zeno), Aristotle uye Diogenes Laertes, uyo akanyora mazana matatu gare gare, bhuku nhoroondo dzeupenyu vazivi vechiGiriki. Inotaura pamusoro Zeno, zvakare vari mabasa akazotevera vamiririri chikoro hwechiGiriki: Themistius (.. 4th remakore BC), Alexander Afrodiyskogo (.. 3rd remakore BC), uyewo Philoponus uye Simplicius (vose vaigara 6 remakore BC.). . Uyezve, mashoko ari mumabhuku aya zvinobvumirana saka zvakanaka mumwe kuti zvinokwanisika vakiridza zvose pfungwa muzivi. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kukuudza pamusoro kutsanangura kuti Zeno. Rega kutanga.

kutsanangura unobatsira

Kubvira nguva Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras nzvimbo uye nguva vaiona chete kubva nemaonero wemasvomhu. Kureva, zvaifungwa kuti vari raiumbwa munhu muzvizhinji pfungwa uye pfungwa. Zvisinei, vane pfuma iri nyore kunzwa pane kuona, kureva kuti "akaramba". Vamwe kutsanangura kuti Zeno zvinoratidza kuti hazvigoni rakakamurwa pfungwa kana Dots. muzivi akataura zviri sezvinotevera: "Ngatitii taiva kupesana kusvikira pakuguma. Zvadaro vechokwadi chete mumwe zvisarudzo zviviri: kana isu kuwana chasara duku inobvira saizi kana zvikamu zviri indivisible, asi tiri haaperi nokuwanda, kana weboka anotitungamirira zvidimbu pasina ukoshi kubvira chamazuva, ari homogeneous, anofanira kuva divisible chero zvaita . Hakugoni kuva muna rimwe divisible, uye mumwe - kwete. Zvinosuruvarisa, vose mugumisiro iwayo pusa. Kwakabva ndechokuti fission hazvidzikisi kuguma kusvikira vakasara ane zvikamu kuva kukosha. Uye chechipiri, nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro pakutanga yose ringaumbwa kubva chinhu. " Simplicius raibva nharo ichi Parmenides, asi zvingangoita kuti ayo munyori - Zenon. Uyai.

kutsanangura Zeno kunoita inofamba

Ivo munyaya mabhuku akawanda ari uzivi kupinda dissonance hwokuti Eleatic pfungwa. Panyaya racho, pane zvinotevera gangaidzo Zeno: "Arrow", "musiyano", "achilles" uye "nzendo". Vakasvika kwatiri kuonga Aristotle. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

"Arrow"

Chimwe zita - quantum Zeno gangaidzo. Muzivi anoti chinhu kana akamira kana uchifamba. Asi hapana chiri kufamba, kana nzvimbo inogarwa ane mileage zvakaenzana. Pane imwe nguva, kuti zvinofamba museve iri panzvimbo imwe. Saka, hazvina kufamba. Simplicius akagadzira gangaidzo ino uone chimiro: "Flying chinhu anopindura akaenzana nzvimbo muchadenga, uye kuti zvinotora akaenzana nzvimbo muchadenga, kwete kutamira. Saka, zviri kuwedzera hunogara. " Himalia Felopon akagadzira uye embodiments zvakafanana.

"Musiyano"

Zvinotora nzvimbo yechipiri muna ndandanda "Zeno kuti gangaidzo". Panoti sezvinotevera: "risati chinhu kuti akatanga sangano, achakwanisa kuenda imwe kure, anofanira kukurira hafu nzira, ipapo vasara hafu, uye zvichingodaro vaGiriyedhi infinitum ... Sezvo hafu chidimbu kubudikidza akadzokorora mapoka daro dzose nguva inova finite, uye uwandu zvidimbu date magumo, hazvibviri kukunda chinhambwe mune finite nguva. Uye nharo ichi chinoshanda zvose vaduku marefu uye yakakwirira aimhanya. Saka, chero kufamba hazviiti. Kureva, mumhanyi havatombozivi kutanga. "

gangaidzo iri hwakadzama zvikuru yakati Simplicius, paakataura kuti iyi, imwe finite nguva zvakakodzera kuti isingaperi uwandu unobatwa. "Ani naani anouya chinhu, anogona kutungamirira mamakisi, asi isingaperi nhamba havagoni yokuverenga kana kuverenga." Kana, sezvo akagadzira Philoponus, isingaperi uwandu indefinable.

"Achilles"

Anonziwo gangaidzo Zeno kuti kamba. Ndiwo inonyanya kufarirwa nharo pakati muzivi. Izvi gangaidzo sangano achilles makwikwi munhangemutange pamwe nenjiva, unopirwa pakutanga vashoma akaremara. Gangaidzo ndechokuti nemasoja Greek havazokwanisi kubata pamwe kamba, nekuti akatanga kumhanya saka kure zvokusvika ayo kanda, uye iye achava raitevera pfungwa. Ndiko, nenjiva kucharamba mberi achilles.

gangaidzo Izvi zvakafanana zvikuru musiyano, asi pane haaperi nokupesana Anoenda maererano kunoita. Kana musiyano waiva regression. Somuenzaniso, imwe mumhanyi havagoni kutanga nokuti haagoni kusiya nzvimbo yaro. Uye mumamiriro ezvinhu pamwe achilles, kunyange kana mumhanyi achawana pasi nzira kubva panzvimbo, kuchiri haingasviki achimhanya.

"Boka"

Kana tikaenzanisa ose kutsanangura ose Zeno pamusoro dhigirii yakaoma, izvi kwaibva Kumukundi. Iye zvakaoma kupa mune dzimwe kwamagwaro. Simplicius uye Aristotle akatsanangura nharo iri Chidimbu uye haagoni ne 100% chokwadi kuti kuvimba rakavimbika. Rokuvakazve gangaidzo uyu zvinotevera: Regai A1, A2, A3 uye A4 vari ngadzirambe akaenzana pakukura mitumbi, uye B1, B2, B3 uye B4 - muviri kuenzana sezvo A. The zvitunha B inofamba kurudyi kuitira kuti B nomumwe unopfuura uye kwekanguva, inova tsanga duku duku yaunodyara penguva nguva dzose. Regai B1, B2, B3 uye B4 - muviri akafanana kuna A uye B, uye woenda hama kuti A kuruboshwe, nokuputsa mumwe nomumwe mitumbi pakarepo.

Zviri pachena kuti zvose zvina kukurira B1 muviri B. Ngatikurukurei paminiti Unit nguva, izvozvo akatora muviri mumwe chete kuti ndima imwe muviri B. In iyi, zvose sangano aida muzvikamu zvina. Zvisinei, zvaifungwa kuti mbiri pfungwa, wokupedzisira kuti sangano iri kuva shoma uye naizvozvo - ndivo indivisible. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti mana indivisible kubatana zviri zviviri indivisible dzakabatana.

"Location"

Saka zvino munoziva dzinokosha kutsanangura kuti Zeno pamusoro Elea. Zvazvinosarira kuudza pamusoro yokupedzisira, iro rinozivikanwa "The Place". gangaidzo iyi Zeno Aristotle anoti. Similar kukakavadzana vakanga yataurwa murugwaro Simplicius uye Philoponus muna 6th remakore BC. e. Pano Aristotle hurukuro pamusoro nyaya iri Physics yake: "Kana paine nzvimbo, sei kuziva apo riri? The dambudziko, yakauya Zenon, zvinoda kutsanangurirwa. Sezvo zvose aripo ane nzvimbo, zviri pachena kuti pane imwe nzvimbo kuti nzvimbo, uye zvichingodaro. D. To kusaverengeka. " Maererano nevazivi vakawanda, pane gangaidzo pano nokuti hapana magetsi havagoni kuva vakasiyana pachake uye zviri pacharo. Philoponus anotenda kuti nokufunga kuzvidzora dzinopikisana yokuti "nzvimbo", Zeno aida kuramba dzidziso multiplicity.