Chii chakanga Alexander 2? vamambo unhu. Biography, paitonga

First chitubu zuva muna 1881 rakanga muropa yaKesari, akapinda munhoroondo Russia sezvo nemunhu mukuru zvinhu, zvakarurama yakakodzerwa epithet Kudzo naye vanhu somununuri. Pazuva iri Kesari Alexander 2 (ushe - 1855-1881) akaurayiwa nebhomba kukandwa ne Narodnaya Volya Ignatius Grinevitsky.

Years Early mugari wenhaka

April 17, 1818 pamusoro Moscow yakatsvairwa kutinhira mafayawekisi - kugara mumba bhishopi youmambo vaviri akaberekwa mugari wenhaka pachigaro, akagamuchira pakubhapatidzwa Holy zita Alexander. A kuziva chokwadi: afa Peter I oga mutongi Russia, vakaberekerwa guta rayo yekare, aiva - remangwana Emperor Alexander 2.

Biography ake zvinoratidza kuti uduku mugari wenhaka pachigaro kwakaitika pasi takarinda ziso baba vake. Emperor Nicholas I kubhadhara pedyo chaizvo kuteerera dzidzo mwanakomana wake. Mabasa womunguva Alexander takapiwa kuti nyanduri yakakurumbira V. A. Zhukovskogo, uyo haana kungodzidzisa kwaari girama mutauro wokuRussia, asiwo nokudyara mukomana mukuru yemibvunzo tsika. Special uyewo pasi zvakadai mitauro yokumwe, munyaya zvechiuto, mutemo uye nhoroondo chitsvene, akadzidziswa yakanakisisa vadzidzisi nguva.

An muduku rudo mhosva

Zvichida mashoko orwiyo vekumba ake, uye zvimwe mukuru V. A. Zhukovskogo vakasiya chiratidzo yavo hana muduku Alexander. Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva, ipapo nokukurumidza akatanga kuratidza tsika kudanana rudo rusiri rwechokwadi, izvo zvakakonzera kusagutsikana wababa vake, mumwe murume, nenzira, uyewo haana zvivi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva rwendo kuLondon, Sasha ainakidzwa kasikana - ramangwana Korolevoy Viktoriey, asi manzwiro aya vakanga vakatondeswa kuenda uchabvuruvara.

Tanga mamiriro mabasa

Emperor Nicholas nokukurumidza ndakatanga kubatana mwanakomana wake paruzhinji zvenyika. Padikidiki kusvika vayaruka, akatanga muna weSeneti uye Dzvene Revafundisi. Kuona remangwana mambo kukura umambo, zvaakanga ane kushandisa baba vake vakamuendesa muna 1837 parwendo kuRussia, panguva iyo Alexander akashanyira maviri navasere enyika. Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda kuEurope kutsivira zivo uye apedzise dzidzo yake.

Board Alexander 2 akatanga muna 1855, pakarepo pashure pokufa ndatovhiringidza matatu rokutonga baba vake Nicholas I. The Nhaka akagara nhaka matambudziko chokuita murimi mudiki mubvunzo, mari dambudziko uye tariro iri Crimean War, makore kuisa Russia vachingotya dzakawanda nevamwe. Vose inoda pakarepo mhinduro.

The kudiwa zvinhu

Kuti vatore nyika kubva dambudziko inodiwa kuchinja, kudiwa izvo zvinosiyana upenyu pachahwo. Wokutanga ava abolition kweuto nemisha, akapinda shure muna 1810. The Emperor akatuma mumwe nokuvatema chinyoreso kare zvekare, hazvina kubatsira Army uye kumutsa pasocial kuputika. With ichi rokukurumidzira zvikuru nyaya uye akatanga ayo kuchinja kukuru Alexander 2.

The abolition pamusoro serfdom

Hwaro wakaradzikwa. Pashure paizvozvo, mambo Alexander 2 kunze aurayiwe yayo huru zvenhoroondo basa - the abolition kuti serfdom. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kudiwa kwechiitiko ichi yokunyora zvakawanda Empress Catherine II, asi mumakore iwayo kuziva nzanga haana agadzirira kwakadaro nokuchinja kukuru, uye mubati wavo nokuchenjera vairega.

Zvino, ari pakati XIX remakore, Alexander 2, ane chitupa ari kuumbwa zvakasiyana chaizvo enhoroondo chaizvoizvo, vachiziva kuti kana musingadi yokubvisa uranda kuburikidza mitemo, rive rimwe detonator nokuda kuwedzera munyika echimurenga kuputika njodzi.

Nemaonero wei uye kupfuura mberi vezvematongerwo hwake kwezvakatipoteredza, asi mudare madenderedzwa vakaumba hombe uye simba nokushorwa, rinoumbwa vakuru rokupedzisira rokutonga, akarerwa ari yemauto uye bureaucratic nomweya Nicholas I.

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1881 ari kuchinja rakatangwa, uye mamiriyoni serfs vava vagari zvakayenzana Russia. Zvisinei, izvi zvakatungamirira dambudziko idzva, rakanga chakagadziriswa Alexander 2. Muchidimbu, mamota pasi kuti kubvira zvino vakasununguka vanhuwo zvavo zvakanga zvakafanira kuti pave nenzira nechouviri, ndiko, nyika aiva landlords. The dambudziko iri yakaenderera mberi kwemakore akawanda.

Finance uye kuchinja dzidzo yepamusorosoro

Rinotevera danho rinokosha, izvo chakaratidza ushe Alexander 2 kwakanga zvemari kuchinja. Somugumisiro ari abolition ose serfdom muRussia akaumba munhu akasiyana zvachose mhando upfumi - capitalist. The zvemari hurongwa ehurumende, inobva yokuvhota haana kusangana zvaidiwa nguva. Nokuti mazuvaano yaro 1860-1862 biennium. Zvinoita chevanorwara itsva nokuti nyika - ezvinhu kubhengi. Uyezve, kubvira zvino bhajeti maererano kuchinja mvumo neHurumende Council uye Kesari pachake.

Makore maviri pashure abolition pamusoro serfdom, nguva yasvika kuchinja dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Ichi chinokosha chirongwa yakatsaurirwa muna 1863 ichangobva nokuchinja wake Alexander 2. muchidimbu rinogona kurondedzerwa se pakagadzwa imwe nzira kuti sangano dzadzidza kwacho kumayunivhesiti. Fair kutaura kuti zvinhu izvi chainyanya rusununguko zvose kuitwa panguva nekutambira yokutonga.

Pokugadzwa Zemstvos uye payakatanga zvekufamba

Zvinokosha zvemitemo mabasa vava mumaruwa uye nezvakatongwa kuchinja, rakatangwa muna 1864. Nepo kudiwa kwokukurumidzira kuvanyorera vose vaitungamirira voruzhinji. manzwi aya apikisa zvose nokushorwa chete, vane maonero vaisagona kubatsira asi kuteerera, Alexander 2.

Unhu mambo ichi dzinongoita dzinoratidzwa yayo kugara chido yokufudza pakati akasiyana matanda maviri mafungiro - progressive intelligentsia uye kuchinja dare. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi akaratidza kusimba.

Somugumisiro kuitwa vaiva zviviri zvinokosha zvakagadzirwa kuti hurumende - kuchinja kuti rongedza zvose upenyu hwake zvisingachashandi rokutonga wemuTesitamende European nenzira, uye wechipiri, kushandura hurongwa administrative utungamiriri.

Kutendeuka muchiuto

Gare gare vakanga vakabatana mumaguta kuchinja hurumende, dzidzo yechipiri uye muchiuto, somugumisiro yakakumikidzwa kubudikidza kuchinja kubva vanopinza kuenda kuhondo. chikuru kuronga kwavo uye muperekedzi muupenyu hwakanga sakare, Alexander 2.

Biography yake muenzaniso mberi uye kuzvishandisa basa, asi kwete nguva dzose kupindirana mamiriro gavhuna. Kuedza nokubatanidza zviito rinopikisa zvinodiwa evanhu strata, ndiwo mugumisiro zvakazoonekwa kuti mutorwa uye echimurenga pfungwa makirasi munzanga ezasi, uye revatongi pamusoro.

The upenyu mhuri mambo

Alexander 2 - munhu multi-faceted unhu. Pamwe kutonhora rationality, pane hwakagara The chidzoke izvi hwake ari penchant kuti uchidanana zvinhu. A nhevedzano imhute Salon chivande pamwe varandakadzi pakati kukudzwa yoga haina kuvhiringidzwa kunyange pashure muchato wake Princess Mariey Avgustoy pakati Washington, uyo akatora zita Orthodoxy Maria Alexandrovna. Akanga mudzimai ane rudo, takaberekwa tine chipo kukanganwirwa vepachokwadi. Paakafa anokonzerwa tibhii, mambo akaroorwa kwenguva refu tenzikadzi wake Ekaterina Mikhailovna Dolgorukova iyo rufu rwake nenjodzi inouraya nokurova.

End woupenyu muvandudzi mukuru

Alexander 2 - munhu yavo zvinosuruvarisa. All simba uye simba chose kuwedzera Russia kune European vanochiva asi zviito zvavo zvikuru zvakasimbisa kuti nascent panguva iyoyo, hurumende vvergshim Papera kupinda ropa yechimurenga munyika mauto zvinoparadza. Kupondwa Alexander 2 kwaiva chokupedzisira link necheni kurwiswa kwamaitira pamusoro pake. Izvo pane nomwe.

The yokupedzisira, mutengo upenyu mambo, rakazova March 1, 1881 panguva Catherine Canal Embankment muSt Petersburg. Rakanga rakarongwa uye kuita neboka nemagandanga vanozviti "Narodnaya Volya". It rinoumbwa nevanhu vakasiyana munzanga strata munzanga. Vane shoma pfungwa sei kuvaka nyika itsva kuti haambonyarari, zvisinei vakanga vakabatanidzwa chido kuparadza nheyo tsaru.

Kuti vawane chinangwa ichi Vanhu vakarega kana kana ake zvikuru nevamwe vanhu. Mupfungwa dzavo, kupondwa Alexander 2 kwaiva kuva chiratidzo kuti vakawanda kumukira, asi chaizvoizvo akasika pfungwa kutya uye tariro munharaunda, nguva dzose dzinowanikwa kana mutemo tsikwa ndakafanana simba. Nhasi Monument kuna chevaux somununuri itembere "Muponesi ari Ropa", kuvakwa panzvimbo rufu rwake.