Louis XVI: pfupi Biography, vana

Korol Lyudovik XVI akaberekwa Palace chomuVersailles August 23, 1754. Iyewo agamuchira musoro Duke pamusoro Berry. baba vake aiva Dauphin (mugari wenhaka prsetola) Louis Ferdinand, uyo, uyewo, aiva mwanakomana waMambo French Louis XV.

udiki

Somwana, mwana aiva wechipiri pavana vanomwe. Mukoma wake aiva namesake, uyo akafa ava nemakore 9 1761. Nepo Lyudovik ros mumumvuri wawo, vabereki havana kuzviziva. Aifarira kuvhima, izvo kazhinji akaenda kutonga sekuru. Kamwe muna 1765 kubva tibhii, vakafa baba vake, dauphin musoro vakapfuura kusvikira mwana ane makore 11 okuberekwa. Yakatanga kurovedzwa wayo zvokukurumidzira kugadzirira choushe, yaakanga nhaka kubva sekuru vake ikozvino.

mugari wenhaka

Muna 1770, ramangwana Louis XVI, uyo aiva nemakore 15 okuberekwa, akaroora Marie Antoinette. Aiva hama yacho Dauphin pamusoro raamai vake divi, uye aiva mwanasikana Mutsvene hweRoma naMambo Franz I. The paruzhinji French vakaita pamwe noruvengo mumuchato, sezvo vachangobva nyika akatotanga akapinda kubatana pamwe yeAustria umambo uye atambura kukundwa kunonyadzisa namakore manomwe 'War (1756 - 1763). Zvadaro, mapoka akawanda vakarasika muNorth America, iyo chakakandirwa UK. Korona vaviri kwenguva refu anogona kuva zvizvarwa, nokuti izvo kunyange muFrance maiva anopedza netumabhuku kukanganisa utano musoro Louis. Zvisinei, kubvira 1778 kusvika 1786 vakaberekerwa 4 vana (2 vanakomana 2 nevanasikana).

Mugari wenhaka muduku, noruoko pezvawakaita yakasiyana chaizvo kubva simba sekuru. Mukomana ndainyara, akanyarara, mwero uye haana kufanira kupinda ipapo yamambo.

nadzurudzo

Muna 1774, Louis XV akafa, uye chigaro mambo mutsva rakadzikwa - Louis XVI. Key tsitsi nepfungwa Kujekerwa, nokuti chii pakarepo acharega vashumiri vazhinji tichivenga nemakurukota wekupedzisira rokutonga, izvo kusiyanisa reactionary. Kunyanya, kubva Court akadzingwa muchechi Madame weZimbabwe Barry, ari chanzera, uye zvichingodaro. E. Kutanga kuchinja zvainanga Kurambwa feudalism, vakanga yekudyidzana kuderedzwa yamambo boka racho mari. kuchinja zvose izvi akava chikumbiro munzanga French, izvo aida dzokunamata takasununguka uye kugumisa pakudzorwa nezviremera.

The guru Mhinduro akagamuchira shanduko mune mari. Comptroller General panyaya iyi akagadzwa Turgot, uyo zvakasimba chokuita shanduko mune ramangwana. Iye zvinganaka redistribute mutero, kuwedzera mitero chete dzakakwirira shoroma nzanga. dzakawanda tsika dzaro kuti kubirwa vatengesi, vakaparadza chindingindingi vakanga akabvisa. Kutengesa chingwa akanga akasununguka, iyo zvikuru akwanise kuvapo murimi mudiki kirasi kuti aiva muduku zvinoreva upenyu. Muna 1774, parliaments vemo, iyo akaita mashandiro anoita dzeutongi uye predstvitelnyh miviri kunge apora.

kuchinja nemishonga

Pakati vanhuwo, pfungwa dzose idzi vachinzwisisa nechido. Asi yokumusoro strata nzanga French akaramba zvakagadzirwa hwakaitwa neDare Korol Lyudovik XVI. Kwamachinda nevafundisi ndisingadi kurasikirwa neropafadzo yavo. Paiva zvinodiwa kusarudza nzvimbo Turgot, akanga kufemera chikuru kuti vachinje. Louis XVI akasiyanisa isingagari hunhu uye, naizvozvo, akarasikirwa kuna vakakwirira. Turgot yakati yapararira, uye mari vakatanga kusateerera mutemo. Vashumiri vatsva uye mamaneja kugona kuita chinhu ane kuwedzera buri bhajeti, asi chete kutora zvikwereti zvitsva kubva Lenders. Zvikwereti vakanga kusonganirana vasanyanye mari mutero. Mukuwedzera kutengeserana munyika vaisagona kuenda njanji itsva panguva kamwe, ndokusaka zvoupfumi mumaguta, kusanganisira chokuita nokushaya zvokudya.

nzwisisa

Against ichi nechekumashure, mumakore 80th pamusoro Louis XVI uye Mariya Antuanetta vaiedza kuita ari kuchinja vanhu French. Takatanga kuratidzwa rokutanga pakaunda-zvinhu zvainanga rimire ari kuchinja vasara pashure Turgot.

Mbiru vatariri navatongi vakanga zvakare akavharwa kuna Third Estate. Lords akadzokera panzvimbo kwavakanga mitero yakaderera. izvi zvose zvakakonzera kusagadzikana munzanga. Vaisagutsikana nevanokudzwa vose nechokwadi mambo, vagari yakaoma upfumi mamiriro, uye vanhuwo zvavo kubva chii akatanga kuchinja vakanga rakaderedzwawo.

Panguva iyoyo, France chaibatanidzwa Hondo Independence, iyo zvinopindura muNorth America. Vanopandukira nyuchi vakagamuchira rutsigiro kuti akatipa Louis XVI. The oparesheni kusimba muUK hunodiwa kuita kudivi rimwe chete kuipandukira. Zvakanga zvikuru zvakajairika kuti mhedziso madzimambo, mumwe wakanga achiri Louis XVI. Brief Biography mambo rinoti mutemo wamambo akaita kusagutsikana hwake "nevamwe" - vatongi yeAustria, Russia zvichingodaro ..

Panguva iyoyowo, vazhinji French nevatungamiriri, vamwe kurwa America, akadzoka vanhu kumusha zvakasiyana. Vakanga mutorwa kune vekare hurongwa yokumusha, apo feudalism ichiri nesimba. Pamusoro pegungwa, vakafunga kuti rusununguko rwakadaro. The yakakurumbira weMauto rukoko uyu Zhilber Lafayet.

zvemari dambudziko

The yechipiri yezana 80s aizivikanwa itsva matambudziko emari mhiri mamiriro. Hafu-zviyero rakatorwa mambo vashumiri vake, akanga untenable nokuda kwayo ineffectiveness. New chiyero waiva convening yeParamende, iyo inofanira kunge akatanga kudzorwa mutero. Rakanga anosarudza Louis XVI. Photos mifananidzo mufananidzo wake tiratidzei smartly vakapfeka mambo, apo ari State yaibva dambudziko. Chokwadi, ichi customizable zhinji mambo. Parliament akaramba kuisa mitero itsva, pashure pacho akanga vakaparadzirwa, uye dzimwe nhengo dzayo dzakasungwa. Izvi zvakagumbura anenge munhu wose ari munyika. Sezvo kunzwisisa, kwakasarudzwa kuungana kuti States-General.

ari States-General

Musangano idzva mumiririri muviri wokutanga kwakaitika muna 1789. Inside zvaiva aikwikwidza mapoka akawanda anomirira akasiyana mumagariro strata. Kunyanya, Third Estate akataura pachayo reVanodzika uye akakoka kwamachinda uye vafundisi kuti abatane bato idzva. Yaiva kuedza nesimba namambo, anonzi chaakapiwa naMwari. Kutyora kazhinji vakagamuchira tsika yaiva umambo emakore akawanda, zvaireva kuti National Assembly yava papi pachayo senzwi vanhu.

Sezvo wechitatu pfuma aiva ruzhinji muna States-General, yaivhara zvirevo yamambo pamusoro kudzorerwa yekare. Izvi zvaireva kuti ikozvino Louis vaifanira kusarudza: kuti nechisimba wokuparadza States General, kana kuti pasi dzavo sarudzo. Key akaratidza kamwe zvakare chido kwayo zvisina kufanira, uye akanyevera vafundisi uye kwamachinda kubatana wemasangano. Akava mutongi yepamutemo.

chimurenga

dzoro uku zviitiko zvatsamwisa kuchinja zvinhu munzanga French, iyo anoramba huru uye simba. Dzisingapindirani Louis akateerera madzishe uye vanokudzwa, uyo aida kupinda Paris mauto uye kusiya basa ose initiators ose okunyanyisa zvinhu. Izvi zvakaitwa.

Pashure paizvozvo, vagari Paris pachena prekratilii kuteerera mambo uye vakamukira. July 14, 1789 akabatwa ari Bastille - mutorongo uye chiratidzo absolutism. mamwe machinda namakurukota zvakaurayiwa. The zvakakura mwoyo vakatanga kuumba zviumbu of National Guard, rwaidzivirira kubudirira chimurenga. A kutyisidzira itsva, Louis akadzokera ari kubvumira dzavo dzirege mauto kubva Paris akasvika National Council.

At musoro Revolution

Pashure yakunda Revolution akatanga okunyanyisa kuchinja. Wokutanga rakaparadzwa ari feudal hurongwa, iyo iripo kubvira Ages muFrance. Panguva iyoyowo ose mwedzi Mambo varasikirwa simba rayo pane zviri kuitika kumativi. Power akananga paruoko rwake. All paruzhinji Masangano zvave muguta guru uye enyika. Mumwe mugumisiro yokuchinja uku kwaiva kunyangarika chingwa chinobva Paris. Black, vaigara muguta, akatsamwa akaedza kunokomba nhare Versailles, yaiva yakagara Louis.

Vapanduki vacho vakatimanikidza kuti mambo, saka akatamira Paris kubva namafuro. In guru, namambo akava of facto mubatwa of kuipandukira. Zvishoma nezvishoma denderedzwa yavo nevatsigiri vakakura zvokuvhoterwa.

mhuri youmambo, zvakare, akatambudzika. Louis XVI, vana namambo uye boka racho rose zvikuru pakufambira Marii Antuanetty, akanga zvakasimba anodzivisa kuipandukira. Akakurudzira murume wake kuti atsvake rubatsiro vatongi vatorwa vakanga kutya kwakapararira vakasununguka-nevafungi muFrance.

King Kutiza

Nokuti mambo akaramba kuParis, echimurenga chiito vakagamuchira zvepamutemo chirevo. Pana Versailles, takasarudza vachapukunyuka Louis XVI. Aida kumira pamharadzano Anti-echimurenga mauto, kana kuva kumwe, kwaaigona nomuedzo kutungamirira varwi vakatendeka. Muna 1791, yose mhuri youmambo incognito akasiya Paris, asi akaziviswa uye akasungwa muna Varennes.

Kuponesa upenyu, Louis akati kuti rinonyatsotsigirawo achinje munyika. Panguva ino France ndotodururwa aigadzirira rakazaruka yavairwisana monarchies European, vaityira yokuedza pamusoro yekare pamusoro kondinendi. Muna 1792, Louis, zvamazvirokwazvo pamusoro upfu keg, ndokurondedzera hondo pamusoro Austria.

Zvisinei, danidziro kubva pakutanga chakakanganisika. YeAustria chikamu yakapamba France uye hazvina kure Paris. The guta vakatanga mhirizhonga, uye vapanduki itsva vakatapa yamambo. Louis nemhuri yake vakaendeswa kujeri. September 21, 1792 akanga pamutemo nguo dzake dzoumambo rokuremekedza uye akazova zvavo mugari ainzi Capet. First Republic akaziviswa muFrance.

Kutongwa uye kuuraya

The chokwadi nzvimbo musungwa akanga pakupedzisira vasanyanya apo vaimbova Castle ake yakachengeteka pakavanda ane zvakavanzika tsamba uye magwaro zvakawanikwa. Zvakava pachena kuti mhuri youmambo yakanga anonakidza pamusoro Revolution, zvikurukuru, akatsvaka rubatsiro kubva vatongi vatorwa. Panguva iyi, radicals vakanga chete vakamirira chikonzero yavangabata Louis.

Saka, kutongwa uye kubvunzurudzwa muna Convention. Aimbova Mambo akanga mhosva pangozi National kuchengeteka. Gungano vakasarudza kuti yomupomerwi akakodzera rufu. The Kuurayiwa Louis XVI yakaitwa January 21, 1793. Paakazviratidza pamusoro scaffold, mashoko ake okupedzisira aiva mubvunzo zvichaitirwa kunorwa, Jean-Fransua De La Perouse. Marie Antoinette musoro mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, muna October.

Kuuraya mambo kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti European madzimambo pakupedzisira vakabatana pamusoro Republic. Mashoko rufu Louis akakonzera AD hondo England, Spain, uye Netherlands. Papera chinguva Russia akabatana wemasangano.