Pamapere Mapere mifananidzo, description, hunhu, dzinogarisana

Vanhu vazhinji vane kutya pazvikara ngozi izvi zvechokwadi. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nyaya Yakataurwa vavhimi. Vanowanzoororwa anotsanangurwa somunhu akachenjera namapere, uye kunyange mhuka oumhizha. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti bumhi zvakasikwa chaizvo Kashoma kurwisa vanhu. Izvi nezvaizoita zvikara vanosarudza kugara kure vanhu, vakashandisa kurarama upenyu hwangu, inokosha zvinoreva izvo inova inovhimwa.

Pamapere Mapere mhando

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hunhu mapere munyika ndechimwe vashoma. Inoitwa dzinokwana nomwe mhando:

• Canis lupus (Wolf);
• Canis aureus (makava vulgare);
• Canis latrans (coyote);
• Canis Rufusi (dzvuku mhumhi);
• Canis adustus (mitsetse makava);
• Canis mesomelas (wakakombama dema jackal);
• Canis simensis (Ethiopian Wolf).

Mhuri vari makava namapere, makava, Maned mhumhi, raccoon imbwa.

dzinogarisana

Masayendisiti vanoti mavambo Bere pamwe Mbeswa zvikara kuti vairarama redu mamiriyoni zana apfuura, uye makore anenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri apfuura kubva mapere nembwa vazukuru. Somunhu yoga rudzi Canis lupus dzakaumbwa Eurasia miriyoni apfuura, uye panguva kuguma Pleistocene, ava vakawanda chikara.

Munguva yedu mhumhi zvakanyorwa Europe, North America uye Asia yokugara. Ivo vagere rakazaruka uye Semi-akazaruka nzvimbo. Kuchamhembe muganhu chikara ari pamhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean. In reIndia (South Asia), bere upenyu anosvika 16 madhigirii kuchamhembe Latitude. Mumakore emakore maviri nehafu kuderera zvikuru nhamba zvikara izvi anotyisa. Kudzivirira dzinovaraidza, murume zvinoparadza uye mauto kubva munzvimbo nevakabva.

Kunyange nhasi muJapan, kuBritish Isles, muNetherlands, France, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, muna Central Europe kuparadzwa pemhumhi zvachose. Types pamapere mumakore gumi apfuura muEurope kuramba kunyangarika nokukurumidza.

Wolf achiri chaizvo nevakawanda pamapani uye nzvimbo Kazakhstan gomo, iri achinaya mvura uye dondo achinaya mvura. Zvinoitwa pamapere, riri chaiyo Shanduro dzakawanda, anoti munzvimbo bere rakanyatsojeka shanduka - ine subtypes zhinji, zvakasiyana kukura, ruvara, nzira youpenyu iri dzomusango.

Masayendisiti, zoologists dzakawanda gumi nevaviri subspecies kuti mhumhi. Vanhu pakukura kurarama achinaya mvura, duku - kumaodzanyemba munharaunda. Misa akura mhuka Ingasiyana kubva 18 kusvika 80 makirogiramu, muviri wavo urefu vanogona kusvika 160 cm muswe kureba anenge makumi matanhatu masendimita.

bumhi ruvara

Zvikurukuru novimba dzinogarisana. mhumhi unhu, achigara kweArctic, anoti pane kazhinji vanhu chena. Uyewo mune dzimwe nzvimbo kune mamwe mavara - vatema uye chena mhumhi, kusiyana vachena uye chena, ruvara nekinamoni, mashava, dzimwe nguva pane chose dema mbava.

Zvikara kuti vanogara North America, vane zvitatu ruvara maitikiro. Chokutanga - musanganiswa vachena, vatema uye nesinamoni pamwe mashava tint. Chechipiri - black (musanganiswa shava kune nhema). Third danho - vhudzi pamwe shava.

bhachi

jasi Excellent vane mhuka idzi. Wolf ane gobvu mbava (kureba kusvika masendimita sere). It ane gobvu undercoat. The rokunze rukoko iri inoumbwa refu, vanachandagwinyira, mazano matema wavarindi vhudzi, izvo dzinga mvura uye regai nyoro undercoat.

bumhi mazino

Mapere vane zvombo simba. Types mhumhi, zvisinei dzinogarisana, 42 vane meno dzakaoma uye unopinza. Mberi vari 4 pyatisantimetrovym curved fangs - maviri pasi uye vaviri pamusoro. Chikara nyore kuruma kuburikidza densest ganda rechipfuwo. A (matadza) mazino vakura mhumhi vanokwanisa chew Mbeswa kunyange chidya mapfupa Elk.

kumugumo

Animals kuti kuva imbwa, uye mapere vari kusanganisira digitigrade. Nemamwe mashoko, vafambe, Akasendamira neminwe. Chete kana chikara anoenda, akabata pasi zvitsitsinho ake. Forelimbs bumhi riri simba chaizvo, kuonga kuti noruvara vakagovera mutoro uye mhuka asingachengeti kunyura munzvimbo nyoro chando.

Mumwe pamberi nepatsoka bere ane zvigunwe zvishanu, asi chete ane mana. Netsoka dzakapfava vane zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira pachena mafufu uye minwe unganidzwa mune gobvu chaunga uye denderedzwa. kupera kwavo simba uye zvishoma rakagomadzwa kuonana pasi nezvipikiri. Wolf anodzishandisa kana nokuchera muvhu.

Mapere kufamba basketball, kurovha uye kumhanya. Panguva yavo kufamba mwero anenge matanhatu makiromita hafu paawa. Basketball Vanomhanya pa aimhanya anosvika gumi makiromita paawa. Kwenguva refu Bere anogona kumhanya husingakuvadzi vasiri chemabhazi. Pane zviitiko apo zvikara ngozi izvi afambe daro kuti makiromita ane zana usiku humwe.

Kunhuhwidza uye nokunzwa

Wolf Characteristics inoti kunovhima hakusi nzeve kana meso, dzinova mhino kunobatsira mhumhi wokutanga kuwana zvakatapwa. Ivo kubata mhepo munhuwi kunyange mhuka vashomashoma, riri chinhambwe makiromita maviri. An chenjera kunhuhwidza runoita kuti titevere kutevera zvavo.

Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvirevi kushaya zvikara uye anenge nzeve. Kunzwa ruzha, vaikwanisa kufamba nzeve dzavo votanga zvakarurama kuziva apo kurira zvinowanzooneka riri rimwe makiromita mashoma.

Wolf rongedza

Mhuri pamapere ine, mune zvimwe zviitiko kusvikira vanhu gumi, asi kakawanda zvinoitika, mhuka masere. Makwai - boka remhuka vemazera akasiyana mhuri-anazvo. Kazhinji, rinoumbwa vabereki, mari (kana vana gore) uye pereyarki (mhuka vasina kuwana kuyaruka). Dzimwe zvinosanganisira uye mhuka mukuru, kwete kuita kubereka.

Mumakore, vapfumi zvokudya rongedza kunogona vakaungana kusvika 30 kana kupfuura mapere. Mwana kuramba ari mumhuri kuti 10-14 mwedzi uye ipapo mashizha nayo. Saka pane Yaiba. Anoenda kunotsvaka chokungopa ndima, izvo pakarepo anotarazve, vachiti kodzero dzavo pazviri. Kazhinji, mhuka nokukurumidza anowana mudzimai wake uye makwai matsva. Kunyange kune zviitiko apo munhu Yaiba anorarama kwenguva refu kubva rongedza.

Wolf mhuri - kuzvipira yokudzora mashandiro. Muzviitiko apo vanhu arambe achirema rakanyatsojeka yakaderera, ayo duku ukuru, kuparadzana mwana muduku ndiye nokukurumidza zvikuru. Kana mamiriro zvemhoteredzo zvakawanda zvakanaka, yevagari arambe achirema kuwedzera, saka Zvisinei kuwedzera pamwero mukuru rongedza, kuti mumwe muganhu. Kazhinji, kukura kwayo imhaka nestaynym Yaiba, izvo anopiwa omurume chinzvimbo.

Stacey anotungamirira vaviri zvikara - mhumhi, mukono nemusikana wake, iyo, sezvinei, anosarudza hwose. Saka remidzanga pemhumhi ine chinoumba rurefu munzanga, uye avo pasi. Vatungamiri rongedza ane hunhu simba chaizvo, izvo zvinoita kuti vakwanise kuramba vari mumhuri kuti pasave nehondo uye kurwa, kunyanya pakati vechiduku mapere.

Kuvhima mhuri zano

A boka chinopukunyuka anoonga kukura kwayo kunovhima nzvimbo, saka pazvikara kuvadzivirira dzinotyisa. Muganhu dzakadaro Ingasiyana kubva mashanu chimwe, namazana mashanu makiromita dzakaenzana. Mapere cherechedza munharaunda yavo, uye hazvifaniri wakagodora munhuwo ndianiko kutyora nemiganhu yayo.

wemasaini Language

Kazhinji, mapere manzwiro avo nemasaini uye zvaunoita chiso chako. mutauro Wolf kunobatsira kuibatanidza makwai uye kuita izvozvo akarongeka. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu muswe mhuka akamutsa yakakwirira, uye ayo muromo ndiko zvishoma curved, izvo zvinoreva kuti chikara chivimbo. Friendly Kukanganisika bumhi akabata muswe akatura, asi muromo zvishoma akamutswa. Chikara, muswe pakati makumbo ake, kana uri kutya chinhu, kana kuti anotaura tsitsi.

Uyezve, nzvimbo muswe aigona rinotiudzei nezvoUmambo mamiriro mhuka iri rongedza. Mutungamiri anogara kumusoro anosimudza nayo, uye tsvimbo yake yairamba muswe akatura. Vachidzungudza muswe, muedzo chinorura kukoka hama dzavo kuti vatambe.

kugamuchira mhemberero

ari rongedza mutungamiri wavo kuremekedza uye kuzvipira kuna kugamuchira mhemberero. Pursed nzeve dzake, zvinokambaira, aine bvudzi zvakasimba-ndokudzora, ivo nokungwarira kuswedera mutungamiri uye shamwari yake, licking pavo uye zvinyoronyoro kuruma nezviso zvavo.

bumhi kudya

Hwaro zvokudya mapere vari ungulates guru - anokudzwa uye poro, saiga zvayo, Elk, mbudzi uye makwai. Pasina chikafu mhumhi kwakadaro anovhima nemakonzo, tsuro, kazhinji anodya offal. In munzvimbo nezvavakatapa, mapere hadzina kuwanikwa kana inowanikwa zvikuru diki zvakawanda. Zvikara zvinokwezva guru kuwanda zvipfuwo. Kuchamhembe, kumatunhu pamwe kukura makwai poro pamberi pamapere - a inozivikanwa.

On muganhu Russia chaizvo nevakawanda mapere. Types pamapere vagere nyika yedu zvakanaka kuvazivisa. Kune nhanhatu chete:

• Srednerussky matanda mhumhi;
• pfumbu;
• achinaya mvura;
• Siberian dondo;
• Caucasian;
• Mongolian.

pfumbu mhumhi

mumiririri uyu mhumhi ndicho munyika. Description vachena mapere zvino zvinogona kuwanikwa Directories zvose zoologists. Zvarinomirira nokuti ayo anoshamisa ukuru. Chimiro chikara ichi hachisi kuine kwamachinda. Sezviri pachena, saka akava gamba kwete vanyori vanonyora pamusoro pemhuka.

Gray Bere anogona kuwanikwa Europe, America uye Asia. Akakoromora, muviri yakasimba rwakafara muhombe muchipfuva,, makumbo vakareba tsandanyama, siya hapana mubvunzo kuti pamberi penyu chikara chaicho. mhumhi ichi ane pahuma guru, asi panguva imwe chete kwezvokufuka musoro nenzeve diki uye yakashongedzwa kwasviba nokurohwa, izvo dziri kumativi pamatama rinenge chena uye wakajeka zvikuru makwapa pamusoro meso. The muswe haisi refu, ndiko anenge twasu.

The mbava iri refu (kusvika masendimita masere) uye gobvu, jasi kaviri. Coat mhuka kuti vanogara nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu, hasha. Mapere kubva kuchamhembe kunzvimbo vane nyoro uye fluffy mbava.

Russian mhumhi

Ichi chaiyo subspecies ari pfumbu mhumhi, izvo anogara kuchamhembe Russia. Russian mhumhi - mumwe shanu subspecies vaigara munharaunda venyika yedu. Canis lupus communis (Russian mhumhi) - saka chiri mhuka inonzi Western zvipenyu. Paavhareji mukono yairema kubva 40 kusvika 80 makirogiramu, hadzi kubvira 30 kusvika 55 makirogiramu.

Siberian mhumhi

Izvi hazvisi mudukusa mhuka hombe kupfuura Russian mhumhi. Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti nhasi iri mhando asi voga conventionally sezvo systematics Siberian zvikara vasati apera. mhuka idzi dzine mavara shoma. Zviri kungangoitika chiedza pfumbu. Ocher hues padikidiki zvinoonekwa kana zvachose vasipo. Fur haasi mukuru chaizvo, asi zvikuru mukobvu uye munyoro. Zviri Inonyanya muna Far East, Kamchatka, (kunze achinaya mvura), muna Eastern Siberia uye Transbaikalia.

Steppenwolf

mhuka iyi ndiyo yaita duku pane vamiririri yomusango subspecies. Ine mafungu uye sparse bvudzi. Seri ruvara ane akacherekedza predominance vachena uye ora, uye kazhinji mashava bvudzi. Panyaya iyi, mativi muri chiedza pfumbu. Nhasi ndiro Bere anogona kuwanikwa reCaspian steppes uye Urals, kuti Lower Volga nharaunda. Species ari havaratidzi kuzivikanwa. Harisati dzakabudirira kwegadziriro yo zvinhu. Kuwanda mhuka idzi pasi, kunyanya kumadokero mumaruwa yacho.

Caucasian mhumhi

mhuka iyi ndohwaJehovha svikiro kadikidiki nezvikara. Caucasian mhumhi ane mafungu uye pfupi murindi vhudzi, kuti undercoat iri underdeveloped. Ruvara mhuka iri rakashata zvikuru kupfuura kare akatsanangurwa marudzi. Izvi imhaka yunifomu riparadzirwe matema murindi bvudzi ganda.

In nyika yedu tiri kurarama munzvimbo Main Caucasus Range, kusanganisira ayo chisango pamapani.

Mongolian mhumhi

Asi mhumhi iduku yokurarama munharaunda Russia. Kurema chemhuka mukuru ari Kashoma makirogiramu anopfuura makumi mana. Ake mbava mikukutu, tsvina-wachena ruvara, dzemakwiringwindi uye oma. Miti iyi vakagovera kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Trans-Baikal, uyewo munzvimbo Primorsky Territory.

achinaya mvura mhumhi

Large uye dzakanaka mhuka. Mufananidzo wake munoona pazasi. The muviri Kureba varume kazhinji kwazvo masendimita 150. Carnivores vane refu, nyoro uye gobvu mbava. Color - chiedza mavara. In nyika yedu, mhumhi anogara musango-achinaya mvura uye achinaya mvura munyika dzine yeEuropean chikamu Kamchatka uye kweSiberia.

Srednerussky (matanda) mhumhi

Simba chikara kuti anogara musango inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa mapazi weRussia, kazhinji colonizes uye Western kuSiberia. Kuchamhembe munzvimbo akacherekedza kusvika kwaro musango. Kunyange zvinofungirwa kuti pakukura Europe uye Asia ndiro achinaya mvura mhumhi, mumiririri ichi subspecies kazhinji kupfuura ukuru hwaro.

Adult muviri mhuka angava kureba kwazvo 160 cm uye kukura kwayo kunosvika munhu mita. Chokwadi, izvi zvinhu zviri maitiro nokuti vanhu kupfuura. Paavhareji, murume mukuru anoyera makirogiramu 45, pereyarok (1 gore 8 months) - makirogiramu 35, uye purofiti (8 months) - 25 makirogiramu. Wolf kupenya ne 20%.

Chikara ane chaiwo, mune noruvara vachena ine Kumubata ocher ruvara. Srednerussky bumhi anogara mumasango nechepakati Russia, kazhinji chinopinda kumavirira kweSiberia. In hwokuchamhembe Munzvimbo anopinda achinaya mvura.

Polar mhumhi

Iyi mhuka yakanaka uye simba inogarwa kweArctic. Polar Wolf zvakakwana dzakashandisa noutsinye ekunze. Kubva chando uye rinobaya mhepo, izvozvo runochengetedzwa noushamwari uye batana jasi.

maonero aya pamapere siyana unopinza chiratidzo uye rakaisvonaka kunhuhwidza kubatsira pakuvhima pamusoro mhuka shoma vanogara munzvimbo idzi utsinye. Kushomeka uwandu zvoutachiona dyisa uye kunzwisisa zviri kugadzirwa zvokudya kunotungamirira ndechokuti chikara anodya chakaurawa chose, vachisiya pasina mapfupa, hapana ganda rayo rechipfuwo.

Avhareji uremu mhuka 60 kusvika 80 makirogiramu, nekukwirira 80 cm. Zvinoshamisa, mhuka iri nyaya kundikana kuvhima anokwanisa kurarama pasina zvokudya kwevhiki dzinoverengeka. Zvisinei, zvino bere anogona kudya imwe nguva kusvika makirogiramu gumi nyama. Mapere vanogara munharaunda Russia, zvakawanda zvechisimba kupfuura North America. Yakanyorwa kurwisa vanhu.