Dzidzo:, Secondary school and schools
Nyika France: tsanangudzo. Nhoroondo yeFrance inopfupika. Tsika yeFrance
Nyika yeWest Europe yenyika yeFrance ine nhoroondo yakawanda, tsika, masayenzi anokosha uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi. Tsananguro mune zvinyorwa, mabhuku, unyanzvi hwekupfuura kwayo yakajeka, ikozvino kune simba kunowanzoita kuti nyika yose itarisire.
Nhamba dzinoratidza: nyika ino ndiyo yakashanya zvikuru nevatashanyi vedzimwe nyika! Imwe inokwezva chaizvo chaizvo inonakidza mutsika yeFif Republic, vamwe - nzvimbo yezororo. Kana iwe uri mufambi wekufamba, pamwe wakacherechedza: France nguva dzose ine nzvimbo inokosha pakati pezvirevo zvemasangano ekufambisa. Mufananidzo weEiffel Tower ndeimwe yemifananidzo yakakurumbira pane mawebsite evashandi vekushanyira. Izvozvi zvinokanganisa here? Muna 2013, France yakashanyirwa nevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 85 kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Pane idzi, mamiriyoni 1 vanofambira kuRussia.
Makambani, kutakura
UFrance inozivikanwa munyika yose sechinhu chinokurudzira kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri-nyika yegungwa. GDP Yaro iri $ 2.6 trillion. Kubva pakasikwa kweEuropean Union, hurumende yakakunda, kubudirira kwenyika ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati peEurope uye nzira huru dzekutengeserana dzeEurope dzinopfuura nharaunda yayo. France muhupfumi hwepasi pose inotsigira nzvimbo yechitanhatu maererano nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwayo.
Muchikwata cheFrance, mishonga, isiri-ferrous uye yakawanda, zvigadzirwa zve petrochemical nemakemikari, mashizha emichina, uye zvinonhuwira zvinotakura chikamu chikuru. Zvikamu zvitatu zvemagetsi zvakagamuchirwa nemabhizimisi enyika kubva kunzvimbo yenyukireya yemagetsi, inowanikwa neHPP system. Nenzira, nyika inopinza mafuta uye gasi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari. France inotengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima. Varimi varo vashandi vechokwadi, vanobudisa chikamu chezvakabuda zveEU yose.
Nzira yekufambisa kwenyika, iyo inoshandiswa nevekushandiswa kwepamusoro-kutengesa terevhizheni, inoremekedzwa. Anodzidzisa TVG, achibhururuka pamhanya we 320 km / h anozvikudza weFrance. Mufananidzo wekutaura uku kunogona kuonekwa pasi apa.
Kureba kwemigwagwa yenyika ndeye 29 370 km pamwe nenharaunda yekontinende yayo chikamu 535.3 zviuru km 2 . Izvi zvinopa mikana yakawanda yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu
Pakati penyika dzenyika dzekuMadokero, France yakagara ichizivikanwa nemitemo yekunze, iyo inofungidzira kukurukurirana neRussia, kunyange zvazvo tichicherechedza kuti ukama huri pakati penyika mbiri hwakanga huri hwakaoma.
Nhoroondo yekare, kushamwaridzana kwepedyo pakati penyika mbiri, yakaratidzwa nekusikwa kwemauto-zvematongerwe enyika, yakataurirwa pamagumo ezana remakore rechina. Iyo Trinity Bridge yakamiswa purojekiti yeEiffel muSt. Petersburg uye bhulota rine zita raAlexandria III, pamwe chete, muParis, rakava zvivako zvezvinyorwa zvepakati.
Mutemo weFrance
France inotora chikamu chekuita mumarudzi akawanda ekugadzirisa chisarudzo senhengo yeUnited Security Council. Hurumende yechishanu inomumwe wevashandi veEuropean Union nevatangi ve World Bank ne IMF. Kubva muna May 2007, France yakadzokera kuNATO (kubviswa kubva kuNorth Atlantic bloc yakatangwa panguva yakafanira neMutungamiri weGaulle). Nenzira yakawanda, mutemo weFrance, zvose mukati uye kunze, nguva dzose inotevera mitemo yekuenzana kwevanhu uye democracy.
Hondo dzehondo
Nzvimbo yezvombo zvenyukireya inobvumira France kuti iite zvinotungamirirwa nehurumende kune dzimwe nyika. Mauto ehurumende-indasitiri yehurumende yeFifth Republic inogutsikana uye inobereka huwandu hwakakwana hwezvombo zvemazuva ano zvehurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika haina kupinda muchikwata chemhare. Hondo yeFrance hapana mubvunzo ine simba, asi inopera maererano nemitemo yekuziva zvakakwana. Iine hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya simba, kuverenga nhamba yenyukireya ine zvombo zvenyukireya uye anenge zana ndege.
France: vanhu
Izvo nyika inofarira mukurumbira wenyika yose panguva imwechete ine matambudziko makuru ekufambira mberi kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Ndeupi musiyano pakati penyika neFrance? Tsanangudzo yekusiyana kunogona kutora mapeji anopfuura rimwe chete.
Ngatitorei chinhu chikuru: dambudziko rekunenge nyika dzose dzeEuropean Union ndechekukwegura kwemarudzi. Zvisinei, iyo yekupedzisira haina kushandiswa kune Fifth Republic. Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko anowanikwa kubva kune webmasimende webusaiti. Nhoroondo, nhamba yevagari venyika ino pa16: 00 pa 05/07/2014 vanhu 64,075,783. Panguva imwecheteyo, vana 394 533 vakaberekerwa munyika kubva pakutanga kwegore rino, uye vanhu 281 236 vakafa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Uyezve, kukura kwevagari munyika ino vakadzidza nesu kunoshandiswa nechimwe chinhu chakadai sokushambadzira kwenhamba. Chiratidzo chacho chegore rino ndeche 46 874 vanhu pa16: 00 pa 05/07/2014.
Nokudaro, kuwedzera kwevanhu venyika kubva pakutanga kwa2014 musi wepamusoro wakasvika kuvanhu 160 208.
Territory, mamiriro ekunze
Vagari vomuFrance vari kupi? Chii chinonzi geography yenyika ino? VaFrance ivo pachavo vanodana nyika yavo nyeredzi. Sei? Tarisa pamepu uye iwe uchaona chimiro cheFrance. Tsanangudzo yemiganhu yayo, iyo inobatanidza 22 makondiniti metropolises (hatifungi iye zvino mahofisi mashanu ari kunze kwemakungwa), inotaura kuti pamepu, France inotaridzika chaizvo seyeredzi inotarisa shanu. Nyika-nyeredzi ... Romantic! Iro inenge inenge 20% yenharaunda yeEuropean Union.
Makomo aro egungwa ane urefu hwema 5500 km. Mhenderekedzo yeFrance inoshambidzwa kumaodzanyemba neMediterranean, kumadokero neAtlantic, uye kubva kuchamhembe neChirungu Channel.
Kumwero mukuru, zviviri-zvitatu zvenharaunda yaro, France ndiyo nyika yemapani. Zvisinei, zororo rayo harisi yunifomu. Kumunharaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, maAlps akakomba nemakomo eJura anosimuka. Pakati pevaVosges, kuchamhembe - Ardennes, kumaodzanyemba kumadokero - maPyrenees. Nzizi dzayo: refu ndeyeRoire, yakadzama ndiyo Rhône, ichidurura bhaini yeParisiti yeSeine, ichiyerera kuburikidza nekuberekwa kwaArtagnan Garonne. Nzira yezvirwizi idzi ina, ichiyerera muAtlantic Ocean uye yakabatana nemigero, inodirirwa nenyika yeFrance. Tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemugariro wayo ndeyechido. Muodzanyemba kweFrance kunzvimbo dzepasi, kumadokero - atlantic, kumaodzanyemba - kuMediterranean, mune imwe nzvimbo - nyika. Inopfuura chikamu chechina chenyika yakazara nemasango.
History of Culture
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei Fifth Republic inokwevera vatashanyi zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwayo. Vatashanyi varo vanoshevedza chishamiso chakaitwa nevanhu. MuFrance, zvichiri kuchengetwa zvivakwa zveRoma: somuenzaniso, imba yemitambo muguta reNimes, kereke yeRoma yakatsaurirwa kune Toulouse martyr, Saint Saturninus. Zvisinei, kunyanya mukurumbira ndiyo machechi echiGothic echiFrench, akavakwa muzana remakore XII-XV.
Vatashanyi vanokwezva kumasvingo emapuranga akave akavezwa nematombo ematombo mazaya pamusoro pawo, akareba, akatarisa shongwe, akatarisa mabheji, mazhenje akaonesa magirazi. Pakati pezvivako zveGothic, Reims Cathedral inoshandiswa, iyo mazano emadzimambo eFrance, Notre Dame de Paris, akabatwa, apo Emperor Napoleon I. akaiswa korona.
Muzana remakore rechi16 rakazivisa maumbirwo eRaissance. Nhoroondo yeFrance tsika yemunguva iyoyo inoratidzwa nekuvakwa kweimba, kana chateau, sezvinoitwa neFrance. Pakati pezvakakurumbira - imba yeAmboise, yakavakwa neValois dynasty, munharaunda iyo nyanzvi Leonardo da Vinci yakavigwa, iyo imba yeIti, iyo yakashanda senzvimbo yekuberekwa kweanopihwa musungwa - Iron Mask, nhoroondo iyo Alexander Dumas akatiudza, Chambord Castle ndiyo nzvimbo yekugara yemadzimambo.
Muzana remakore rechi17 rakauya pakuvakwa kwetsika yakanakisisa yeBaroque, inoratidzwa mumakwikwi akanaka eimba. Muenzaniso wavo unogona kushandiswa seVersailles - nzvimbo huru yeimba yamambo. Tsika yeFrance yezana remakore rechi19 yakaratidzwa nemamwe maitiro - classicism, kwete muzvivakwa chete, asiwo mune zvekuona. Mumapuranga epanguva iyi, mapurani emapurani ekugadzirisa kwemaguta ekupedzisira akazopedzisira azadzika. Pakati pezana remakore remakore rechi19chete, chimiro cheFrench chakave chiri kutungamirira munyika nekuda kwevakadaro vakagadzirwa saEdouard Manet, Edgar Degas. Zvinosuruvarisa, kusimudzirwa kwekuFrance kwakave kukanganisa nehupisitimu basa.
Nhoroondo ye simba: Merovingian dynasty
Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti kushanduka kwehutano hwevanhu huri hurumende. Mundima yaro yekare, kwaive nekubudirira: munguva yeRoma yaive chikamu cheumambo hukuru huri ruwa rweGaul.
Rudzi rweGermany rwevaFranks, rwakatungamirirwa naMambo Clovis, muvambi wemadzimambo eMerovingian, vakakunda muzana remakore rechi5 AD. E., Kubuda kunze kwekutonga kweRoma. Iyo imwezve nhau yeFrance inogona kuiswa muchidimbu kwemazana emakore akawanda sekushandura mukutonga feudal royal dynasties.
Simba reMerovingians rakapera simba, uye vekare vassals, mayorddoms, vaifarira kukura. Mumwe wavo, Pepin the Short (baba vaCharlemagne), muzana remakore rechinomwe, vakatora chigaro chekuwana nyika yeFrananks, pavakagadzira dzinza raCarolingian.
Nhoroondo yeCarolingian
Mwanakomana anozivikanwa wePipin akakwanisa kubatanidza vazhinji venyika dzeEurope (kusanganisira ndima yeFrance) muumambo humwe.
Zvisinei, mapurisa emasimba ehurumende huru, akabatanidzwa nechishamiso charisma chaCharlemagne, akazopedzisira apera mushure mekufa kwemwanakomana wake, Ludwig the Pious. Umambo hwacho hwakagoverwa pakati pevana vatatu veCarolingians.
MuWest Frankish state, iri munharaunda yeFrance, mwanakomana muduku kuna Ludwig I, Karl Lysy, akatanga kutonga. Muzana remakore rechigumi, France (yakange yakatumidzwa kare) yakanga iri nyika yefudal-yakaparadzana, isina simba. Izvi zvakashandisa zvakanakisisa maViking akatungamirirwa naMambo Rollon, atora nyika yake yekuchamhembe uye akaitumidza kuti Normandy (Norman land). Chinangwa cheviking-outcast chiNorway chaiva kukunda ushe, izvo, chaizvoizvo, akazviita.
The Capetian Dynasty
Muna 987, panzvimbo yekupedzisira yeCarolingians, asina mwana Louis V, nechishuvo chevashandi veumambo, chigaro chechigaro chakaiswa naChombo Hugo Capet, muvambi weMambo weCapetian, wechitatu munhoroondo yenyika. Munguva iyi, mutemo wekuFrance wokune imwe nyika wakaderedzwa kuva mhirizhonga, uye mukati - kuhondo dzechitendero munyika iyo pachayo. Panguva iyi yakaoma, apo mhuri dzichitonga, nhoroondo yeFrance inopfupikiswa sekutsvaga dynasties kutonga namatavi avo emativi. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mhuri yeVallet yakauya kuzotora vaKapeti muna 1328, kutonga kwaisanganisira makore zana ehondo, yejoan Joan weArc, kukundwa kweBrittany, kubatana kwenyika, hondo pakati pevaProtestants (Huguenots) neKaturike. Mushure mekuponda kwekupedzisira kwaValois, Henry III, nemumwe mutongi Jacques Clement, akabatwa neCatholic League, France akatanga kutonga rimwe divi reCapetians - Bourbon dynasty.
The Great French Revolution
Nhoroondo yemadzimambo eFrance inoparadzaniswa naLouis XVI, mutongi asina kukwana, akabatwa mumitambo uye akadzivirirwa kubva munhau dzevanhu. Nayo paiva nekuderera kwekufambiswa kwemabhizimisi eFrance, nhepfenyuro dze nzara, kushorwa kwemasimba ayo uye nevanhu. Maonero ehurumende inoparara yechikamu chinopfuurira chechiFrench (icho chaisanganisira bourgeoisie, vafundisi nevakuru) zvakaratidzwa pachena zvakajeka nemuzidzi weMestequieu. Akadana simba reumambo rakaputika pakufambira mberi kwevanhu uye kushandiswa kwekodzero dzisingawaniki dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu. Uku kukwikwidzana kwakakura kuva muFrench Great Revolution, iyo yakaratidza kuumbwa kwekutanga kweRepublic.
Kwenguva yokutanga munhoroondo yepasi vanhu vakasarudza rusununguko, kuenzana, ukama mukuchinjana pamabvi. Vanhu vakaneta nekuve niello, ivo vanoda kuve vagari venyika. Zvakaitika muFrance!
Kutanga kwekuvandudza kwakange kuri kupisa kweBastille musi wa17.07.1789. Louis, Mambo weFrance, akaurayiwa, akapomerwa mhosva yekutongwa semunhu, Louis Capet, nokuda kwekushandisa simba uye kutengesa nyika yake. Kuguma kwekuvandudzwa kwakange kwakaitwa kupomerwa kwekutaura musi wa 09.11.1799. Sangano guru rehurumende sangano guru rezvematongerwo enyika rekushandura simba rakashanduka risina simba uye risina kunaka. Mukuwedzera, akaparadzaniswa nemunhu ane simba zvikuru, Emmanuel-Joseph Siyes, uyo akaunza Napoleon Bonaparte simba. Hondo yeFrance yakada uye yairemekedza Corsican yakagadzirirwa nechinangwa chechipo chechigadziriswa chekare.
Chimwe chirevo chekuchinja kwehurumende yehurumende yeFrance ndekutsvaga kwemashure uye empires.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Ndakatora simba racho, ndichizvizivisa iye musi waMay 18, 1804 mambo. Kutsigirwa kwake kwakatendeseka kwaiva nevanhu vakamutswa naye kubva kumasoja evarwi nechinangwa chetari rehondo uye vakagadzirirwa mumashure - Bessier, Jourdan, Lannes, Lefevre, Massena, Murat, Ney, Sult, Suchet. Zvisinei, mumutsara iwoyo pamwe chete navo vaiva marshals kubva kune vakanaka: Grushi, Davout, MacDonald, Marmont, Serryurye. Kuwirirana kwekukudzwa kwepamusoro kweNapoleon muPrussian, Polish, Austrian, Egypt yakatanga kupedza Russia. "Chikwata chehondo yevanhu," saL.N. Tolstoy akanyora nezveHondo yePatriotic ye1812, yakapwanya hondo yeFrance yakanga isati yawana iyo yakakunda yose yeEurope nechisimba. Hondo yekutuzov-Napoleon yakagadziriswa mukuda Mikhail Illarionovich. Yakanga iri kupikisana pakati pechigadziro chinoshamisa uye nyanzvi yakanakisisa. Mushure mekuparadzwa kweumambo hwaNapoleon uye Hondo yeWallloo muna 1814, humwe hutongi hwakadzorerwa muFrance.
Republic yeChipiri
Musi waApril 6, 1814, Seneti yeFrance, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwenyika dzakakunda, yakasarudza kudzorera imba yeBourbon mumunhu waLouis XVIII. Mushure mokufa kwake muna 1824, simba rakapfuura kuna Charles X. Kufara kweFrance nehushumiri hweumambo hwaPolignac uye kuwedzerwa kweusununguko rwavo hwakagadziridzwa nehutongi, apo mambo akasayira mitemo mina musi waJuly 25, 1830, zvakaguma muna July Revolution uye kubudiswa kwemasimba kubva muBourbon dynasty kwaari Dare reOrleans, rinomiririrwa naLouis-Philippe weAreleans. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga yekushandura hurumende muEurope, mutungamiriri wenyika yainzi "mambo-bourgeois". Mutemo waLouis-Philippe waiva chigamba chakamirira kwenguva refu nokuda kwehutongi hwemhirizhonga, akanga ari nyanzvi yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri revanhu uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi. Zvisinei, hurumende yake yaiva nebheriri yehuori. Mambo wacho akavengwa, kuedza kwakasiyana kwakaitwa pamusoro pake. Kutaura zvazviri, hurumende yakatsamwisa mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, izvo zvakakonzera shanduko yakatevera ye1848 - yeFebruary Revolution.
Dzidziso dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakasimudzirwazve pahovo. Nyika yacho yaitongwa nemutungamiriri wenyika (mutungamiri wekutanga weFrance). Vakasarudza muzukuru waNapoleon - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.
Zvisinei, mutungamiri wehurumende akafukidzirwa. Mumashoko, akavimbisa vagari verusununguko uye basa rake kwavari, zvirokwazvo-vakatenderera mberi nekudzorerwa kweumambo. Musi wa12.12.1851, pamusi weChirongwa cheAtterlitz, iye nekutsigirwa kwemauto akaputsa Gungano reMitemo, achizviti iye Emperor Napoleon III. Zvisinei, kufara kwetarenda kwakava "nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika," maererano naOtto Bismarck, uyo akamutora pasi peSedan muna 1870 panguva yehondo yeFranco-Prussia.
Republic yechitatu
France yakasiya kubva muhondo nekusaina chibvumirano cherugare nePrussia uye ichiendesa kumativi ayo maviri ekupedzisira kumabvazuva kweRine Valley: yeAlsace inodzivirira musango uye yakakosha zvikuru Lorraine, "suo pakati peGermany neFrance."
Nhoroondo itsva yeFrance, uye nguva iyi kubva muHondo Yenyika Yenyika kusvika kumazuva edu, pamatambo ekutanga inobatanidza nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwehurumende, seTatu Republic. Yaivapo kusvikira muna 1940, ichisimbisa kwazvo republican system uye multi-party system muFrance.
Nyika yechitatu yakaberekerwa mukurwisana kweropa. Vachizvivhara ivo, socialists uye anarchists musi waMarch 26, 1987, mushure mekumuka kweParis kwevanhu vasina kugutsikana neumambo hweNapoleon III, vakasimbisa hurumende yevanhu, uye chaizvoizvo - maitiro okutanga ekudzvinyirira kwevamiriri vehurumende, muParis Commune munhau.
Flag France kuonekwa chaizvo panguva kwezvinovharidzira of Paris Tauriranai. tricolor uyu kutwasuka mitsetse: yebhuruu, chena, tsvuku. Pamberi pake, chiratidzo nyika yaiva chena mureza pamwe youmambo maruva. Pedyo nomubato - blue ruvara, kwaiva nejasi St. Martin, aiva musande aive France akadaro. White inomirira huMwari, tsvuku yaiva chairwo Oriflamma vachikudza St. Dhionisio, airemekedzwa munyika.
Popular kumukira akadzvinyirirwa nechisimba monarchists. Prussia nokuti ichi akakurumidza kusunungura vasungwa vehondo. Ainyanya nokuti McMahon scored kuri 130,000th mauto ake.
Zvisinei, nguva ino monarchists vakanga kwete simba. The National Assembly - Republican Executive aishanda vachitungamirirwa hurumende President Adolfa Terri zvinobudirira. France akakwanisa kudzosera ayo maindasitiri zvinogona pashure Prussian War. Zvisinei, monarchists akabata kuvafarira, achitsiva Thierry zvakanaka muhurumende yomubatanidzwa, iro rinorondedzerwa utungamiriri Patrice MacMahon. Zvakare akatanga poumambo, vakagamuchira Constitution. Asi urongwa monarchists havasi anofanira kuzadziswa. Muna 1875, ivo kuchinja museneti, achisarudza muchimiro hurumende kuti nyika ine kumahombekombe rimwe vhoti, ndichiri akasarudza zvokuvhoterwa.
Mutungamiri rokutanga ano France (kubvira 1913 kusvika 1920) yaiva Raymon Puankare. Panguva yokutonga kwake nzvimbo Russia uye France vakabatana, napo zvakafanana pamusoro dzakawanda chinosiririsa. Zvisinei, kuti French Bourgeois hurumende, asymmetrically kuva upfumi kuti vazvipfumise, vakanga vasingakwanisi zvakazara kugadzira nyika ine zvakawanda zvakakwana Nazi Germany kuti hondo nechisimba. Muna 1940, nokuda kupa kweFrance muna World War II Third Republic yakadhirika.
chechina Republic
Muna 1946, ivo Constituent Assembly weFrance vakagamuchirwa bumbiro of Rechina Republic, uko akaronga pakuzadzisa munyika. The soro zvemitemo muviri, reNational Assembly, anoumbwa imba ezasi - National Assembly, uye musoro - the Council of Republic. Waiva wenyika-dzeparamende zvokuvhoterwa ane simba Executive simba. The chokutanga chaiva kukura post-hondo vavakezve nyika mukana. Nokuti wayo inobudirira Implementation kubudikidza nationalization nayo akasika simba mamiriro kwemauto chaisanganisira avhiyesheni, motokari, gasi uye marasha Mazinga. Five kutungamirira French mabhanga naiyowo yave paruzhinji. Economic budiriro yakaronga chinokosha General Secretariat, inotungamirwa Zhan Mone. Somugumisiro, guta guru vakatanga kuwedzera mari iri upfumi French, ekisipoti wayo kubva munyika shoma. Kokutanga zviri Rechina Republic dziri pokutanga kuvandudzika vanhu zvazova pasocial wokuti France. Nokuti vashandi, vashandi chirwirangwe vakatanga kuvaka kutengeka pokugara, yava chaizvoizvo zvikuru kuwanika dzidzo uye utano hwakanaka.
Paumbwe Fifth Republic kuti utongi hwegutsaruzhinji
Nguva Rechishanu Republic, iro rakatanga aine 1958 Constitution pakati De Gaulle uye kuramba ino nguva, yainzi Fifth Republic. Iyi - nguva kukura zvematongerwo enyika munyika uko France akauya neImba nhoroondo gwara rayo yakasiyana. Paramende rave zvakawanda kodzero dzavo.
The mashandiro kuzvitonga of Fifth Republic
characterization yakarurama rakapiwa kwaari vaimbova Prime Minister Villepin: President kwaanenge hurumende - kuzvidzora, uye Paramende iri paaivatambudza mutemo. inokosha Its ane simba utungamiriri, rinotarisira nhau vatorwa mutemo uye muchiuto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa.
Pasi pesimba ehurumende upfumi uye zvemagariro mitemo. Nokuti zvinodiwa dzaro reMitemo kunotevera Constitutional Council.
Panguva iyo Vhoriyamu vemutungamiri izwi iri kunorondedzerwa pamberi aifarira-hurumende ruzhinji mu Paramende. Iye anosaina mitemo uye kodzero yokutaura kuti rudzi achiparidza referendamu.
Hurumende France kutanga mitemo, pakutanga ari Pfungwa mitemo. Parliament (rinoumbwa yokumusoro - neDare ezasi - National Assembly) kufunga mitemo gwaro wakatangwa nehurumende. The Constitution panorambidza National Assembly kurishandura, zvichitungamirira kuwedzera bhajeti havashandisi mari yakawanda.
Zvisinei, paramende anekodzero kuratidza chivimbo chavo muhurumende pedyo vazhinji vhoti, uye kubvisa naye.
mhedziso
France XXI remakore sezvo nyika-kirasi simba nechivimbo anoratidza kubudirira kwenzanga mitemo. Panguva iyoyo nayo kunoratidzwa nehanya ndichengetedze tsika dzenyika.
France ndiyo mbiru kuzvitonga uye nyika muzinda tsika. vagari varo ramangwana munyika kuzoona Europe itsva uye ayo tarisiro - mu pakagadzwa uye nokushanda zvivako mhiri-European.
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