Chii luminol? Sei luminol pamba

Zvimwe zvinhu, anotora rutivi nemakemikari, anokwanisa emit chiedza. Ose mudzidzi kemisiti kamwe kugadzirwa unopenya mvura. Nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa kuti ndiye luminol, sei kubika pamba.

Chii chemiluminescence?

Maitiro Vazhinji kemisitiri nokuitika nokubudiswa simba. In kuedza dzakawanda, simba anosunungurwa sezvo kupisa. In zvakaitwa alkali uye asidhi mhinduro vakanga neshungu. Pane zviitiko apo simba kungazviratidza muchimiro Magetsi (kuedza pamwe masero electrochemical). Mune combustion simba pamusoro reactants iri kuchinjwa kuti vakuchidzire uye chiedza.

Asi pane siyana umo chiedza anobuda kunoitika, asi hapana kuwedzera kupisa. Fani iyi inonzi chemiluminescence. Chinonyanya glaring muenzaniso - chando phosphorus Naiwo mufaro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzakawanda nemakemikari kusunungura "chiedza chinotonhora" oxidized Organic yeimwe. Oxidants kazhinji kuita okisijeni kana rehydrogen peroxide.

Zvakasikwa, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona emit chiedza. Asi vazhinji sokupenya vakawana simba chaizvo uye zvinogona kuonekwa chete rinokosha michina.

Kuna rakazara chemiluminescence anokwanisa ane duku boka Organic uye inorganic yeimwe. Munguva Mienzaniso inotevera zvinhu: luminol, siloxy, lofin, uye lyutsegenin difeniloksalat.

Chii luminol?

Luminol akanga synthesized muGermany muna 1902, asi zita rake chairo akazodawo. Zviri chena sekristaro kana chiedza yero ruvara, nyore soluble mune polar zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. Mumvura, luminol chose insoluble.

Iyi nyaya Organic anokwanisa kusunungura chiedza kana pamwe rehydrogen peroxide kana zvimwe oxidants. In kwazvakarerekera uye zvishoma acidic mvura, pasi UV chiedza, izvozvo fluoresces chiedza-mutema chiedza. In alkaline zvingaitwa (rehydrogen peroxide), apo maitiro kunopfuurira pamberi catalysts - a phosphorus remubatanidzwa simbi munyu pamusoro hemin uye Chizenga - luminescence vakawana mamwe nomuti uye yakajeka.

Muitiro ine mumatanho maviri. Acid ari neshungu pamwe hydrazine zvine makemikari solvent rurefu Kubika pfungwa (3-ethylene glycol). The condensation of heterocyclic gadziriro inotengwa 5-nitroftalilgidrazida. remubatanidzwa ichi ipfupi kushandisa Ammonium sulphide, yokuti yakaumbwa uye luminol. Maoko unogona kugadzirirwa murabhoritari kwetunhu 3-nitro-phthalic acid.

Apo kushandiswa luminol

The fuma iri mubvunzo zvinoshamisa zvaanoita pamwe nedare, inova chikamu hemoglobin. Saka, zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa forensic nyanzvi mune kuziva tichingoda ropa uye zveminwe vakasiya panzvimbo. Luminol rinoshandiswa masayendisiti munguva siyana zvoutachiona tsvakurudzo kuti vasabatwa resimbi, mhangura uye cyanide.

Where kutenga luminol mhinduro

luminol mutengo zvakakwirira zvikuru. Zvinokwanisika kutarisa makemikari forum, anokosha nezvigadziko kana Pharmacies. Kana usingazive kupi kutora luminol, unogona kutenga mu "Galavit" chemishonga, iyo inowanika mapiritsi, capsules uye suppositories. A piritsi rine 25 MG pamusoro yavaibvisa munyu luminol. To 50 ml 1% mhinduro inofanira kuva mahwendefa 20 (chiputiriso). Mahwendefa zvinokuyiwa kuva upfu uye mvura iri pazviri.

The luminous mvura rehydrogen peroxide

Pane Kubika anopenya zvokunwa kugadzirwa. Asi mhinduro kushandiswa luminol, nokuti anopa rinokwanisa kucheneruka chiedza kumeso uye munyoro. Usati watanga, iva nechokwadi kuti kudzivirira nzvimbo pachena pakati gobvu zvinyama muviri, uye pamusoro maoko, kupfeka magiravhusi.

Gadzirira luminol pamba chekare (pakutanga) resipi:

• Luminol - 2-3 magiramu.
• Water - 0.1 litres.
• A mhinduro rehydrogen peroxide (3%) - 0.08 litres.
• Caustic mushaba - 0.01 litres.
• Bluestone - 3 magiramu.
• Dhayi (rubles, kupenya zvakasvibirira kana zvimwe).
• Glassware (mumidziyo kana zvirongo).

Preparation:

• Dururirai kuva girazi mugaba uye achiwedzera mvura luminol. Zvakasimba kusangana kuti crystals mumvura, kuti maximize nayo kudaro.
• To kunoguma mhinduro chakawedzerwa rehydrogen peroxide.
• The zvichiguma sezvamunoita achiwedzera mhangura sulphate. Sulfate inogona kutsiviwa ne ferric chloride kana munyu ropa.
• Zvikuru kuchangobva sezvamunoita kuisa caustic pasoda.
• Mukamuri kudzima chiedza. The zvichiguma sezvamunoita inofanira emit chiedza chakajeka mutema. Kana zvakasiyana ruvara, ipapo kuwedzera mhinduro yakakodzera dhayi fluorescent.

Ipfungwa Second:

• luminol mhinduro (3%) - 5 Rine mamiririta.
• Gidroperit (3%) - 10 Rine mamiririta.
• Laundry sipo nemvura - 20 Rine mamiririta.
• potassium permanganate.
• Chero girazi chirongo kana muhari.

Zvokukura basa:

• The mudziyo dira luminol zvinogadzirisa, sipo upfu uye rehydrogen peroxide.
• Kumora varikwizire ari crystals shoma potassium permanganate uye kuwedzera kune zvachose sezvamunoita.
• Kuti tione zvinorehwa luminol uye sei vacharatidza ehupfumi ayo, kudzima chiedza muimba. The mvura achava emit yakanaka Naiwo mufaro. Kana mhinduro iri nguva rakazungunuswa, ari ikapenya furo anozviratidza panyika yaro.

Preparation chemhinduro pamwe dimethyl sulfoxide

Kunakidza musimboti kuchaita luminol oxidation kubudikidza mumhepo okisijeni iri Dimexidum svikiro. Luminescence ndepana inowanikwa mhepo uye mvura yakasviba chikamu.

tinofanira kugadzirira murwiyo:

• Luminol - 0,15 magiramu.
• Dimexidum (DMSO) - 30 Rine mamiririta.
• Dry nesipo - 35 magiramu.
• Chero fluorescent dhayi.
• High glassware.

nzendo:

• Kwazvo kusanganiswa nedende dimexide, luminol uye alkali.
• Mudziyo chisimbiso zvakasimba chete muvharo.
• Mukamuri kudzima chiedza.
• Chinu vakashoreka kuzununguswa kuwana rinokwanisa kucheneruka Naiwo mufaro. Kushandura ruvara kuwedzera dhayi fluorescent.
• Kana sokupenya varasikirwa Kupenya kwaro, zvinokwanisika kuvhura mugaba. On kubvuma mhepo kupinda chinu mumushonga zvakare inova inopenya uye zvine.

Cooking Tips

alkali Vazhinji mushonga hauna varumbidzwa kuwedzera, nekuti zvakaoma chaizvo wokuparadza uye anochinja mvura kuva gobvu Porridge. The kuturika pamusoro luminol Dimexidum uye alkali inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva refu. Kana achiwedzera chinhu oxidant sokupenya achava rekuchikoro. Its chinguva kunobva nhamba uye gidroperita luminol uye anogona kusvika nemaminitsi 40. Asi kubva overabundance pamusoro luminol sokupenya kuri kuva simba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti luminescence Nokupenya uye nguva vachange kuvimba wevasungwa kuti luminol. Zvikuru rakasanganiswa mhinduro kupa simba asi refu Naiwo mufaro. A guru wevasungwa zvinhu anoumba richipenya simba rose zvichachipedza. Light ruvara ingabva yebhuruu kuti girini. In dzakapfuma Formulations ine mukuru Kuwanda munyu ropa vakawana girini Naiwo mufaro.

Zvinoita here kutsiva luminol?

Kune mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvakakodzera kuti agadzirire luminous zvokunwa pasina luminol. Kuti aite izvi, utore boric asidhi uye madonhwe fluorescein shoma. Izvi zvinhu vanosungirwa kusanganisa uye kudziyisa chicherwa ndiro. Liquid achaita hwihwinyara murima kwerinenge miniti.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri luminol, nani edza kundoitora pachako. Sezvo shoko anoenda, nani kuona kamwe pane kunzwa kane zana. Asi usakanganwa kuti chero kuedza dzinosanganisira kudyidzana pamwe kungatikanganisa uye zvinokuvadza. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuchengeta matanho okuzvidzivirira.