Chii chinonyanya yakavimbika - CVT kana "muchina"? Ndoupi musiyano? Zvakanakira nekuipira

Kutyaira motokari ine Chinyorwa hutachiwana zvinoda kutarisirwa uye vanhu vemazuva nguva dzose pane imwe-mhanya. Automatic hutachiwana mune zano iri nyore zvikuru. Electronics pachangu funga kuti mutyairi uye kuita zviito zvose zvakafanira - haugoni kutsauswa kubva mumugwagwa. Asi umhare otomatiki transmissions zvikuru kwakatooma kupfuura Chinyorwa hutachiwana. Uye zvikuru kunzwisisa magadzirirwo, rezasi rakavimbika. In nhoroondo motokari indasitiri pane yakawanda vakundikana mabhokisi gidrotransformatornyh CVT gadziriro ichiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa. Ngatiedzei kufunga chii yakavimbika - CVT kana "otomatiki".

otomatiki nhoroondo

It akaonekwa 1903, yokutanga otomatiki gearbox mugore, asi harisi kushandiswa motokari, uye shipbuilding indasitiri. The vakatanga magadzirirwo ndiwo German muzvinafundo Fettinger. Uyu murume wokutanga yakaratidza uye pfungwa hydrodynamic hutachiwana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera bhaudhi uye simba chikwata ngarava. Saka akaberekwa ari hydraulic batira, ndiro rinokosha chaizvo raiva pedyo nebundu chipi otomatiki hutachiwana.

Gare gare, muna 1940, vanhu vokuAmerica vakatanga kushandisa otomatiki "GIDROMATIK" kuti "Oldsmobayl" motokari. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti otomatiki hutachiwana magadzirirwo kuchinja kubva panguva iyoyo. Automatic hutachiwana rinoumbwa pamagungano makuru maviri. Izvi torque convert uye gearbox. Wokutanga anoita batira nerevane chinangwa basa rake - wakatsetseka nokuchinja pasina jerks. The gearbox iri peya rachulis meshed. Izvi zvinoita kuti tiwane imwe-chidimbu, chiine zvakakwana mashandiro rine nzendo dzakawanda.

Automatic: asi hwokugadzira chikamu

Ngatione kuti nokupfuuridzirwa "otomatiki". ino aishanda uye pasi. Kwemakore akawanda, zvakagadzirwa uyu vakwana. Kazhinji, ari hwokugadzira chikamu siyana zvakakwana simba uye rakavimbika.

In mabhokisi gidrotransformatornyh torque kubva simba hadzisisina chakasvitswa kuti nemotokari mavhiri nomukombiyuta "Bagel".

Isina yakaoma pajira riya. ino inoshanda nokuda mafuta iri rinoparadzirwa zvaoma. Kana zvakaoma kuroorana kwete, uye kutyora kunyanya chinhu. Asi pamasikiro ndiwo miseve pamwe yemapuraneti rachulis uye batira discs. batira otomatiki hutachiwana omumasherufu kutsiva batira. Pavanenge compressed kana decompressed, batanidza coupling, unoenderana imwe hutachiwana.

Mugore otomatiki hutachiwana mudziyo vane zvakadai zvinoriumba somupristi vachimanikidzwa pombi uye hydraulic chikwata. Ndiwo hwaro chero otomatiki hutachiwana.

Chii kazhinji anotanga ari otomatiki hutachiwana

Kana kutarira nokuongorora breakdowns otomatiki transmissions, chinogona kuonekwa kuti vakawanda vavo kuitika nokuda ichinonoka yokuzvigadzirisa. Havasi varidzi vose achichinja kushanda mafuta kunyange pashure kumusoro mileage. Somugumisiro, tsinga hydraulic Unit, otomatiki hutachiwana unotonhorera, tsinga filters. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira ndechokuti pombi havagoni kusika zvaida uchishandisa kufurirwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Mupumburu asakurirwa havachasungirwi zvaisanganisira chinja. Pane twitching uye chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine.

otomatiki upfumi

Zvakaoma kutaura kuti zvimwe yakavimbika - CVT kana "otomatiki". Pakutanga zvinoita sokuti variator, sezvo ane zvishoma yakasiyana mudziyo pasina hydraulic michina. Asi unhu uye nenguva basa zvekuvaka dzenhoroondo otomatiki hutachiwana kunogona kuva huru kwazvo.

Paiva zviitiko apo kune kuchinjwa oiri 40.000 makiromita gearbox anoshandisa zvinopfuura 400,000 dambudziko-isina kushanda. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti "michina" akavimbika kupfuura - ndiwo anguva Japanese mana nokukurumidza.

Kuwedzera upenyu ane otomatiki hutachiwana, unofanira kutevera vamwe mitemo:

• mafuta shanduko kunodiwa kuti tiite pasi mitemo. Kana mugadziri rinokurudzira kuchinja mafuta ose 60 zviuru, usarera ichi izwi. Izvi zvinoshandawo vanonzi Nokuraramisa-akasununguka "otomatiki", izvo vakazadzwa coolant mugadziri chakagadzirirwa hwose. Izvi hazviitiki - unofanira kuchinja mafuta. The yakanakisisa nzira - iri yokutsiva wakakwana washing pachigadziko chemwenje. Izvi zvichaita nechokwadi kuti Kupfuudzwa kununura rakasimba unongotaura.
• Pamwechete ATP-change mvura nemafuta firita. Panguva Chaiyo aizovatsiva anogona kuwedzera zvekuvaka bhokisi kubudikidza 20 muzana.
• Unofanira kubvisa redhiyeta. Rakanga Chiso chinopenya akandoshamba. Zvadaro wachenesa pasi muviri marara - pangava Shavings, chin'ai uye whatnot.

By munzira, chip akazviunganidzira kunyatsonzwisisa magnets a. Sei Fani iyi inogona kuonekwa Photo pazasi.

Kana ukatevera mitemo iyi, otomatiki zvekuvaka achawedzerwa yekudyidzana. The bhokisi anogona kuenda kubva zviuru 300 uye kupfuura. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vakawanda vari kusarudza hutachiwana ichi.

Box- "muchina": zvakanakira nekuipira

Funga huru zvakanakira otomatiki hutachiwana:

• Muitiro kutyaira pamwe otomatiki hutachiwana iri nyore zvikuru - havachafaniri kufunga kuti kufambisa motokari kubva panzvimbo, sei zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungura batira, nokupfuuridzirwa chiri nani kusanganisira. The kombiyuta achaita zvose pachangu.
• Automatic hutachiwana uyewo vakasarudzwa kuti rakavimbika. Kana yepamusoro kutarisirwa otomatiki gearboxes vanokwanisa kufamba vanopfuura 300 000? Km. Uyewo, mumwe zvinobatsira - mukuru maintainability. Magadzirirwo zvakanaka kudzidzwa, uye kuti vagadzire otomatiki hutachiwana kunogona kuva vakawanda unyanzvi.
• Oiri - aivawo ndinoiitawo otomatiki hutachiwana. Zvinoda chaiwo otomatiki hutachiwana fluid asi zvinodiwa nokuti vari kudzika zvikuru kupfuura CVT. Uye mutengo wayo dererei.
• Zvipanera uye rachulis - iri rine ndinoiitawo. Nhasi pane kare multi-bhokisi. Panotova 12-danho womuenzaniso. Vane chepamusoro kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza vomukova - injini haangazorori vakanduruma Gear rechina. Speed chinja zvinyoronyoro uye Vasingazvioni mutyairi.
• Chimwe chakanakira chinokosha - the shoma Electronics. Uyu mubvunzo kuti rakavimbika - CVT kana "otomatiki". Hongu, otomatiki hutachiwana anoshanda pavanoparidza kombiyuta, asi zvemagetsi havasi anopfuura 30% rokuvaka.

zvino tava kutendeukira kune zvikanganiso:

• The otomatiki hutachiwana haagoni vanozvirova emuchina zvakadai, sezvo CVT kana "hurongwa". The bhokisi riri dzinoratidzwa yakaderera kunyatsoshanda. The otomatiki Injini uye yedzimudzangara vane zvakaoma batira - zvose zvinotora pamusoro torque convert. Saka, chikamu simba kunodiwa kutamira torque. Kana nokuchinja kunoitika oneka chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine, risingagoni pamusoro variator. Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira nayo ichakurukurwa pazasi.
• Uyewo ari otomatiki hutachiwana vanofanira kudira zvakawanda mafuta - vanenge 8-9 litres. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo CVT kunoda anopfuura 6 litres. Chimwe kunaka - kwakawedzera mafuta rinodyiwa. On mota ane CVT ndizvo zvakafanana mu "hurongwa".

Kuti muchidimbu, muprista rakavimbika akafukidza zvose zvazvakaipira vezvikwata izvi. With kushandiswa zvakakodzera uye nguva dzose mvura kuchinja bhokisi nyore rinokoka pamusoro 300,000 km zvisina kwayo mupikisi.

Shanduka kumhanya: nhoroondo pfupi

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti CVT-yedzimudzangara akazogadzira papera kupfuura otomatiki hutachiwana. Asi ichi handizvo. Nheyo kushanda akanga afunga Leonardo Da Vinci muna 1490. Asi kuzozivisa Unit, iye asingagoni, nokuti ipapo pakanga pasina injini. Zvadaro, pamusoro maitiro kukanganikwa uye kurangarira chete pakutanga maindasitiri michina remakore rechi19. Motokari vakatanga kushandisa shanduka kumhanya muna '58, apo Hubert Van Doorne Variomatic zvakasikwa. Zvadaro, zvakanzi akatasva DAF motokari.

Design uye Rinoshanda

Uyu mufananidzo otomatiki hutachiwana. Box-variator uye "muchina" - chii mutsauko? Ndicho kushaya kupfuudzwa pamusoro CVT-hutachiwana. Magadzirirwo ine pulleys maviri bhandi iri tensioned (zvino, Chokwadi, zviri esimbi). Pasikweya - ichi hachisi chimwe-chidimbu design, sapakutanga, asi kubva zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope sezvikamu. Kana kutungamirira haisi kubata kuti chisimudziso, bhanhire rotates duku dhayamita yacho cone. Kana chisimudziso iri haachatauri, zviri akaumba chiduku giya reshiyo, izvo unoenderana rezasi otomatiki transmissions.

Kufambira pulleys zvinogona kumeso kwazvo kuderedza zvombo reshiyo, kureva, kuchinja giya (kunyange hapana). nhamba idzi dzinoenderana nhanho zvizere. zvokuzvisarudzira. Kana ukasarudza box- "muchina" kana CVT, racho rikurumidze. Pano, kufadza kushanda, kubva panguva kutapurirana - zvakaoma.

Chii kwatanga pasi?

Magadzirirwo zvikuru kwazvo basa rakanaka. The mafuta inofanira kushandurwa ose 60-80 zviuru. Km. Nguva dzose kushandura mvura mvura. Kana usingade kuritsiva, pachava nezvinetso, uye nyaya kupora achava zvinodhura chaizvo.

Pakati matambudziko - clogging hydraulic chikwata uye mafuta pombi. Nokuda kweizvi, miseve havagoni chinosimudzira kana unclamp bhandi. Somugumisiro, iye nemhuru. Izvi ane kunambwa hwake. Material kusakarira mhanyisa, uye pane imwe nguva bhandi iri nyore akadonha. Zvino mukati maro vakaparadza zvose. Uyewo atasve akakwidza kushanda hukawanika ari mugodhi, iyo haisi nzira yakanakisisa kunokanganisa mamiriro yacho bhandi. Box-variator uye "muchina" - chii mutsauko? Zvikuru, guru uwandu zvemagetsi kuti zvinogona kusvika 50% zvakagadzirwa.

upfumi CVT

Pano, sezvo ari otomatiki hutachiwana, vanofanira kuva zvakajeka pasi mitemo kuchinja mafuta. Kana musingadi kuita, ipapo bhokisi achakundikana pashure 100 zviuru. Uyewo nerimwe 120 zviuru Zvakakodzera kuchinja bhandi. Chii chinonyanya yakavimbika - CVT kana "muchina"? Zvakaratidza kuti "muchina". On the variator kutyaira 300 000 zvikasashanda, kunyange kana iwe kushandura mafuta dzose.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Pano zvinofadza zvikuru simba kumhanyisa, akaderedza mafuta rakawanda. Hapana jerks, kushanda zvakanaka dzakakwirira nokuda 10% kupfuura otomatiki hutachiwana. Car nyore kutyaira. Asi zvose zvazvakanakira ichaguma.

Tikaramba kufunga variator, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira yokugadzirwa. Repairing mabhokisi akadaro akaoma - magadzirirwo iri havaratidzi kunzwisiswa, uye nyanzvi mune indasitiri hakuna kukwana. Zvinoda nguva nenguva yaitsiva bhanhire. Hazvina zvinodhura, uye kwete mumwe zana ita basa rakadaro. Magadzirirwo ane akaoma Electronics. Uye pakupedzisira, mumwe zvikuru drawback - mafuta. It inodhura uye zvakaoma kuwana.

Ndezvipi zviri nani?

Saka, isu akatarira nevasina hutachiwana. Ndiyo nguva kusarudza bhokisi riri nani - "otomatiki" kana variator. CVT otomatiki hutachiwana nani achirifananidza simba uye kuerera. Asi kana kukuvara kugadziriswa achava inodhura kwazvo, uye kwete nguva dzose panzvimbo iyi inogona kudzorerwa, kana kushumira. Uyewo zvinoda kugara yaitsiva bhanhire, uye kuvakwa pacharo rinoda mafuta unhu. Automatic hwina pano kupfuura izere.

mhedziso

Taiongorora variator, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira nayo. The mutongo ndeichi: Kana iwe kutenga motokari itsva, iyo ichava vimbiso, ipapo kutenga CVT anogona kuva. Kana iri motokari ine mileage vanopfuura zviuru 100 makiromita, ipapo zviri nani kuteerera "otomatiki".