Coal indasitiri - matambudziko uye tarisiro

An zvikuru cheGlobal upfumi ndiye mafuta uye simba rayo kunzwisisa. Mugove simba zvigadzirwa ari pose GDP iri zvinenge 10%. Mwero ayo manwiro nokuwedzera ose gore, zvakaenzanirana nezvokukura nyika kwakakomba chigadzirwa. A chikuru tsime simba munguva yedu tiri gasi, mafuta, marasha, mafuta shale uye uranium exchange. Mafuta gasi asi basa guru, asi reserves avo zvishoma akaderedzwa, uye kumwe mukati ichi remakore zvichaparadzwa apera. Panguva iyoyowo, marasha reserves huchagara mumwe makore 200, kunyange zvikuru ndichibvunza kugadzirwa.

Saka, munyika yose marasha indasitiri iri kuramba ichiva yakakurumbira zvikuru. Zvino vanenge 44% kuti magetsi ari zvinoberekwa chafariz simba miriwo vachishandisa marasha. Uyewo, zviri chinokosha simbi iri simbi pakati ferrous simbi. Vazhinji marasha deposits vari pfungwa muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda, North America uye Kishi nyika. Somuenzaniso, China ane pfumbamwe zvikamu marasha reserves, uye Russia - wechitanhatu. In Kazakhstan, izvozvo yakaomerera 3,6% zvachose reserves nyika.

Mukusarudza marasha exporters vari munyika dzakadai USA, Australia, South Africa, Venezuela uye Colombia. Uyewo, izvi zvinosanganisira Canada, Indonesia, Poland, China uye Russia. The marasha Indasitiri munyika idzi zvinopa kudiwa pose kuti marasha ne 90%. Uye chikuru importers venyika chigadzirwa ichi mimwe Asian nyika, dzakadai Japan, Taiwan uye South Korea, uyewo vakawanda kunyika kuWestern Europe.

Russian marasha indasitiri - iri mabhiriyoni 193,3 matani nekusimba marasha reserves. Mukati nhamba iyi, deposits pamusoro anthracite, lignite, marasha uye coking marasha. Parizvino, marasha ari mined muna 16 marasha nembiya, izvo kufukidza 85 matunhu neminisiparati masangano ari Russian Federation. Muchiitiko chino, 58 makanzuru vari marasha-mugodhi yose nendima kuti akaumba kumativi marasha Enterprises.

Zvino marasha indasitiri of Russian Federation - ndiyo mumigodhi 85 kuti gore anopa pamusoro vanenge mamiriyoni 383 matani marasha. Somuenzaniso, matani mamiriyoni 336 kubva marasha akaberekwa muna 2011 panguva zvimbambaira izvi, inova soro kubva pokuwa USSR. The Kudeuka bheseni marasha-mugodhi pari ari Kuznetsk bheseni. Asi, kunze Kuzbass, pane zvakawanda deposits vaizotibata muRussia. It anocheka ari Far East, Eastern Siberia uye Kansk-Achinsk bheseni. Pokumuka Minda izvi kuchawedzera kugadzirwa Russian marasha.

Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo, marasha indasitiri ane dambudziko indasitiri. Matambudziko huru vanosanganisira kukuvara kwake kumabasa. Izvi imhaka yokuti dzimwe nyika nguva mari shoma kutsigira indasitiri ino. Somugumisiro, pane kuperevedza mari kuchengetedza basa, uye izvi zvinotungamirira akuvara uye kufa miners. "Mutungamiriri" muchirevo chechinyorwa chino vari munyika dzakadai Russia uye China. Mumigodhi venyika idzi vari kufa gore rimwe nerimwe mazana uye kunyange zviuru zvevanhu.

Kunyange panguva marasha mugodhi uye kubudiswa kuti kukuvadza zvisikwa. Rinobatanidzwa zvikurukuru dzose akabuda methane yaiva mumigodhi, pasi muchadenga. Uyewo kubudiswa marasha haisi zvakatipoteredza ushamwari muitiro. Somuenzaniso, mune pakugadzirira marasha chemubhotoro ndiyo huru kune mumwe tembiricha. Somugumisiro, izvozvo inongorira , carbon dioxide nezvimwe zvinokuvadza yeimwe, uye akawanda. Vose Zvinosvibisa izvi pave girinihausi maturo.

Asi, pasinei nokuti zvechadenga marasha indasitiri rinofukidza yakawanda nematambudziko, indasitiri munyika nhasi ichiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha. Coal yava imwe huru simba zvinyorwa, sezvo reserves ayo achava zvakakwana kwemakore akawanda. Uyezve, mutengo nokuti yakatsiga uye kudzika zvikuru kupfuura mutengo wayo yakananga Sevamiririri. Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa mafuta mafuta ari chafariz simba miti mari 1.5 anodhura pane kushandisa marasha. Uye kana mune ramangwana haangazozikamwi Inoziva zvinyorwa itsva simba, nokuda 2030 marasha ichava huru kunobva simba.