Noungwaru Thomas More. "Pakuva": pfupiso

Thomas More wakararama makore zana nemashanu apfuura. Scientific komiyunizimu anoratidzwa masayendisiti utopian sezvo nyoro kuvatungamirira, kufungidzira vanhu. Ichokwadi ichi? rufu rwake zvezvavanotenda Thomas More kugamuchirwa, maererano netsamba munhu wepanguva pamusoro Erasmus, pasina kutya, pasina kukumbira tsitsi, kwete akakotamisa musoro wake. Muna 1535 munyori pyatidesyatisemiletny, humanist, muzivi zvakaramba kupika mhiko kuna Chirungu mambo, saka takatendeka kuna ndiro rine Papa. Kutenda kwake haana kubvumira Unyengeri hwakadini. Zvinyoronyoro vakafamba kusvikira scaffold Thomas More, mumwe kufarira wenyika yose London, consummate anoziva, airemekedzwa patunhu zvaiti, vagari, kutendeseka, kugona kumisa pakamukirwa neshoko rake.

Kunyorwa chete munhu akadaro (a humanist, asi kwete echimurenga!) Paiva bhuku kunozivikanwa "pakuva." Tomas Mor akataura naye madzimambo uye nyanzvi, kunyanya nokuti ichi nokunyora nayo muchiLatin sezvo dzorudo-mafungiro, yokufungidzira kukumbirwa kuti humanistic rokuvakazve munzanga yakavakirwa gutsaruzhinji. Makore 150 akazotevera, "pakuva" rakashandurirwa mumitauro yose European.

The nganonyorwa kunotanga "zambuko" kwezvokufuka pakati chokwadi uye ingano - kuti ndiye chisungo bhuku, hwakasikwa maererano Thomas More "pakuva". kugutsikana Its ndiyo nyaya mufambi "ane vasingazivikanwi nyika." A chaiye chaiye - Petr Egidy munyori inosuma vemungano hunhu Raphael Portuguese Gitpodeem, shamwaridzana chaiyo mufambi Amerigo Vespucci. Mumuromo Raphael munyori anoisa pfungwa dzenyu dzose nezuva yakanaka urongwa munyika ramangwana. Anoramba rinopa pfungwa itsva kurongeka munzanga mubhuku rake rinonzi Thomas More - "pakuva". Executive Summary inogona inozivikanwa se kutsanagura mamiriro zvisingazivikanwi - chitsuwa vakarasika vari Indian Ocean. Enyika pakuva - a mubatanidzwa kudzorwa weSeneti, pamwe guru Amaurot kubatanidza 54 changamire guta. Tsika, Chokwadi, unoenderana yechiKristu-humanistic dzemitemo. Pakuva iri zvachose pfungwa kushivirira, kutungamirirwa musimboti rusununguko rwehana.

Ona kuti pfungwa bhuku sezvo zvakaratidzwa musayendisiti Thomas More nheyo yemberi hweruzhinji muvanhu akaberekwa mumhuri umo feudal madzishe vakaurayiwa nokuda kwokusateerera, uye nascent Bourgeois hurongwa akanga kanenge mubhedha, kuti mashandiro kuti "capitalism yomusango" utsinye kutumira kuwedzera nezviuru vanhuwo zvavo pamusoro vatarisana urombo. Zvaiita muKristu nyanzvi ratidziro nokudzvinyirirwa kwakadaro kunoita yokufungidzira ake Tomas Mor - "pakuva". Pfupiso yebhuku - gwaro mamiriro apo rusaruro hazvibviri pfungwa. Kuti aite izvi, Moore anosarudza angabira nzanga zvigadziko kusaruramisira - makirasi. Sezvo muzivi anodana vagari vari kodzero uye magariro. Pfungwa wehurumende-kuvaka munhu "wakakwana womukati chibvumirano." Vanhu nokuzvidira kushanda kwemaawa matanhatu mevhiki. Society anotarisira kuitira kuti tsitsi nguva kunakidzwa noupenyu, kuwana rusununguko pakunamata uye dzidzo. In ichi Social mwero ndiko tsvinda upenyu. Ndezvipi "chikuru evanhu chairema pakuva"? Zvinonzi kunotsanangurwa pachishandiswa avhareji munyori chitoro manufactory. Ose 40 murimi mudiki mhuri maererano dzidziso tsika ndidzo "mhuri" (commune). "Mhuri" iri specialized neimwe zvokutengeserana, uye akabvumira "Kuchinja" pakati mhuri dzevanhu. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe utopiets vakadzidziswa asi avo raanoziva, kurima uye anofanira pagore imwe nguva yokuita murimi mudiki basa. Murimi mudiki basa iri chikuru nheyo wakadini wehurumende, anoti ari yokufungidzira yake, Thomas More ( "pakuva"). Pfupiso yebhuku rinonzi pachena anorondedzera contours zveramangwana ane hweruzhinji muvanhu. simba rose kusvika pasarudzo. Mhuri 30 vari kusarudza Phylarchus. Phylarchus 10 vari pasi pesimba protofilarha iyo anosarudzwa musayendisiti. Protofilarhi ndinoumba mumadhorobha senates, kusarudza Prince (Mayor). Chinonyanya dzinokosha zveupfumi uye enyika vakabatwa gungano guta. Pamisangano iyi, dzinosarudzwa machinda uye kunzwa nenguva dzirikure nemishumo dzavo. Vafundisi, vamiririri protofilarhov, musoro wehurumende anosarudzwa kubva pakati pemasayendisiti.

Humanist nechokwadi kuti muridzi private - zvakaipa. Kudavira uku akauya kuna Thomas More kuburikidza kwayo tsika pamutemo akapfuma. Haana, vakawanda, uye mune mamwe nguva zvinogona kutongwa kuti ndicho pachake munyika kuona mukana kuurayiwa Varimi nokuda zvakanakira makwai ( "makwai akadya vanhu"). Kubvisa kusaruramisira kwakadaro, munyori yokufungidzira yakati kuti nzira inoshandiswa kunofanira muridzi nokuda vemunharaunda. Saizvozvowo, chiyero riparadzirwe National upfumi iri muvanhu itsva hakufaniri kuva chaiyo, uye basa nesimba mhuri Artisan kumapurazi. tinogona nharo kuti akashandiswa nenhungamiro mugovanisi vanhu vokutanga munhau akapa Thomas More ( "pakuva")? Pfupiso bhuku rinoratidza kuti chokwadi kwete vakakwana, asi kufungidzira behind zvinoumba sangano ramangwana ane hweruzhinji muvanhu. Zvakawanda nheyo "nedopridumano" remangwana gutsaruzhinji, izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti yokufungidzira rakanyorwa makore mazana mashanu akapfuura! Somuenzaniso, muna nzanga ramangwana riri anenge hapana upenyu dzakavanzika vemunyika. Travel muguta neguta, zvinofanira kubatana "mugari kubviswa kubva mazita" uye "kunyoresa". Zvinoita sokuti chinhu hazvigutsi.

? Asi ngatiendei kuzvibvunza: 'aenda yokukanganwa (zvichipomerwa Bolsheviks) utopian pfungwa "Achipindura kwairi, tava kuenda chipo: nyika yeSweden Somuenzaniso, tenda kuti nyika yavo - a mugovanisi. Chokwadi, pane zviripo, uye chaiyo, asi panguva imwe chete Sweden ndizvo nokuumba seboka guru bezdiskriminatsionnogo basa musika, dziviriro zvemagariro, basa zvizere. Asi izvi zvose zviripo mu "pakuva" Mora!

Chirahwe of Thomas More - bhuku rokuremekedza. Chii subtext iri encrypted muchiroto ezvinhu rokuremekedza (chaizvoizvo - "imwe nyika kuti haasi")? Zvingava kungotarisa murume, ane upenyu - kutenda uye unopfuta? Ungangove, musoro bhuku rinomuvanza tariro: "hapana nyika zvakadai, asi nokufamba kwenguva ichava!"

Makore mana nemakumi kwapera, pfungwa Mora vapfumi mugovanisi pamwe mashandiro, pfungwa Professor Chayanov nezvokunyoresa Russian murimi mudiki ravaKristu. Akataura kuti zvokurima cooperatives varimi nani hurumende kupfuura guru capitalist mapurazi. MuRussia, ipapo isu kusarudza imwe nzira nzira - Stolypin kuchinja. Zvisinei, pane chaiyo, rinooneka Implementation basa iri. Pakutanga kwezana magetsi uye vokupedzisira emakore kunyika Latin America, kunonyanya kukonzerwa pamwe Chayanov akamutsa kurima kwavo kunyika mitemo.