Nokuda kwezvandakaitirwa paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa raputika, apo? Zvakazokonzerwa paChernobyl kuputika

The paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa kwavari. V. I. Lenina - Ukrainian NPP akarega basa rayo maererano kuputika pana Unit nhamba 4. kuvaka Its akatanga muchirimo 1970, uye pashure pemakore 7, iye akaiswa kushanda. Pakazosvika 1986, chiteshi yaisanganisira kutigumbura mana apera mamwe maviri. Apo paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa raputika, kana pane mumwe reactors, basa racho harina kumira. Parizvino pasi kuvaka sarcophagus, izvo zvichazadziswa 2015.

Description chiteshi

1970-1981 gg. - panguva ino, kuti zviyero zvitanhatu, mbiri iyo havana nguva kumhanya kusvika 1986 kuti kutonhora zviri turbines uye kupisa exchangers pakati rwizi Pripyat uye paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa yakavakwa rokuzadza dziva yakavakwa.

Pamberi tsaona, simba urwu chiteshi aiva 6,000 MW. Pari, basa riri kuitwa zvokuchinja paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa mune zvakatipoteredza njodzi kuvakwa.

Start okuvaka

Kuti usarudze nzvimbo yakakodzera kuvaka wokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa magadzirirwo akatanga akaongorora Ukrainian guru Kyiv, Zhytomyr uye Vinnytsia nharaunda. The zvikuru yokuita nzvimbo kwaiva nzvimbo iri kurutivi rworudyi pamusoro Pripyat River. Nyika iyo nokukurumidza akatanga kuvaka riri haubereki, asi zvinodiwa kuti kwerunyararo renyukireya simba chirimwa anonyatsokwanisa kupindirana. nzvimbo iyi anzverwa neHurumende Technical Commission of USSR uye Ukrainian Ministry of Energy.

February 1970 chakaratidza kutanga kuvaka Pripyat. The guta akasikwa zvakananga kuti simba indasitiri. Chokwadi ndechokuti makore yokutanga chechitima wevashandi vaifanira kugara dormitories uye dzokurenda dzimba dzemisha pedyo kuna paChernobyl. Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti basa nhengo dzemhuri dzavo Pripyat, akavaka siyana akaitwa. Saka, mumakore 16 ariko guta rakanga akashongedzerwa zvose zvinodiwa kuti hwomutambarakede vanhu.

tsaona 1986

Night pa 01:23 musi April 26 1986 , yakatangwa bvunzo chirongwa turbogenerator 4th simba, nokuda kwezvandakaitirwa paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa raputika. Somugumisiro, imba yakaparara, paiva zvinopfuura 30 moto. The vokutanga vaiva V. Hodemchuk - opareta of riparadzirwe pombi, uye B. Shashenok - mushandi ari nokutumwa kambani.

A miniti gare gare, pashure zvakaitika paChernobyl basa Protection nezvokufambira kuputika. Nekukurumidza kuti moto yemapurisa yakasvika. Kubviswa mutungamiri akagadzwa V. Pravik. Kuburikidza nezviito ake unyanzvi zvapera kupararira moto.

Apo paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa raputika, zvakatipoteredza kwave kusvibiswa radioactive zvinhu zvakadai:

- plutonium, uranium exchange, ayodhini-131 (hafu-upenyu rinovapo anenge 8 Mazuva);

- necesium-134 (hafu-upenyu - 2 years);

- necesium-137 (makore 17 kusvika 30);

- strontium-90 (makore 28).

The chinokatyamadza yose tsaona iri chokwadi kuti vagari Pripyat, paChernobyl, uyewo yaimbova Soviet Union kwenguva refu chakavanzika, nei raputika paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa uye ndiani mhosva.

tsaona Source

April 25 4 th reactor yaifanira rakavharwa pasi nguva dzose nazvo, asi pachinzvimbo akasarudza kuitisa bvunzo. Chaiva mukusika ane mamiriro ezvinhu zvaipa umo yemapurisa pacharo dzaizomutswa dambudziko. Pakadaro panguva iyoyo paitova ina, asi nguva ino chinhu chakakanganisika ...

Wekutanga chikuru chikonzero kuputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa - a vakaregeredza uye unprofessional mafungiro kwomudonzvo kune ngozi kuedza. Vashandi vakatsigira simba anokwanisa 200 MW, izvo zvakaita kuti kuzvidzora chepfu.

Sokunge hapana zvaitika, mudonzvo acherekedza muchimiro, pane kutora kudzorwa tsvimbo pabasa uye baya A3-5 - kupiwa kuuraya reactor. Somugumisiro basa iri Unit vakatanga ane inondimukira cheni maitiro, ndokusaka raputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa.

Manheru (kumativi 20.00) nechepakati horo kwave kune moto zvikuru. Kuti kudzima moto vanhu panguva ino havafariri. Ake yakapedza norubatsiro helicopters.

Nokuti nguva dzose, kunze moto uye chirimwa vashandi, vanenge zviuru 600. Vanhu vaivapowo kununura basa.

Nokuda kwezvandakaitirwa raputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa? Pane zvikonzero yakabatsira kuti ichi:

- kuedza raizoitirwa chero zvodini, pasinei chimbichimbi yachinja maitiro ari reactor;

- decommissioning pamusoro muzvigadzirwa kudzivirira vashandi, izvo zvaizoita vaunze simba rokumisa uye kudzivirira tsaona;

- romuromo chirimwa utariri pamwero njodzi, uyewo zvikonzero nokuda izvo paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa raputika.

migumisiro

Somugumisiro abvisa zvakazokonzerwa kupararira radioactive zvinhu kubva 134 vemoto uye vashandi veboka ravarwi yakatanga nemwaranzi kurwara, 28 vavo vakafa mukati mwedzi pashure tsaona.

Zviratidzo nemwaranzi vakanga kurutsa uye kushaya simba. Chokutanga, rubatsiro rwekutanga rakashandurwa zvokurapa tsvimbo yemapurisa, uye pashure kuti vawirwa vakanga zvifambiswe kuti zvipatara muMoscow.

Vachikanganisa upenyu hwake vanunuri vaisabvumirwa pamoto yezwi wechitatu chikwata. Nokuda kuti kupararira ichi nomoto kudziviswa omunyika zvinogumbura. Kana richipedza hakusi kubudirira, pakuputika wechipiri aigona kupfuudza vachikwanisa rokutanga 10 nguva!

Accident September 9, 1982

Kusvikira zuva iro raputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa, akanga akanyorwa kana kuparadza pa Unit №1. Panguva bvunzo run rimwe reactors panguva simba 700 MW kwakaitika pamusoro kuputika mafuta paungano nomutsa uye chiteshi № 62-44. Izvi zvakaguma deformation pamusoro graphite wemagazini uye kubudiswa yakawanda radioactive zvinhu.

Achitsanangura chikonzero paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa zvakaputika 1982, ndiyo zvinotevera:

- zvakakomba kutyorwa chitoro tsvimbo murau mvura iyerere mu migero;

- vakasara yomunyika kunetseka mukati masvingo mugero ari zirconium chubhu, zvichibva nokuchinja zvemichina chirimwa iyo yakabereka nayo.

The Hurumende yeSoviet Union, senguva dzose, vakasarudza kuti vazivise vanhu munyika, nei paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa raputika. Photos wokutanga tsaona havana kurarama. Hazvina kunyange zvichiita kuti haana kumbobvira avapo.

vamiririri chiteshi

Gare gare munyaya mazita vashandi uye nzvimbo yaiitirwa pamberi, panguva uye njodzi yaitika. A mukuru kuchiteshi 1986 aiva Bryuhanov Viktor Petrovich. Mwedzi miviri gare gare, maneja yakava Pozdyshev EN

Sorokin NM akanga kushanda injiniya Mutevedzeri nokuti nguva 1987-1994 gg. Gramotkin II kubvira 1988 kusvika 1995, akashanda se mukuru reactor chitoro. Pari, ndiye CEO pamusoro SSE "Chornobyl NPP".

Dyatlov Anatoliy Stepanovich - Mutevedzeri mukuru injiniya kuti kushanda uye mumwe wevaya mhosva tsaona. Chikonzero nokuputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa chaiva kuitisa kuedza nengozi kuti akatungamirira ino chaiyo injiniya.

chokudzingwa mapazi pari

Kutambura vaduku Pripyat nhasi kwakasvibiswa nokuda radioactive zvinhu. Vari kuenda kazhinji muvhu, zvivako, pemigero, uye dzimwe pakadzika. Taundi kwezvivako zviripo zvaingova chiteshi mvura fluoridation, chaiwo mbatya mukamuri, garaji uye PPC vaGiriyedhi. Mushure tsaona, Pripyat, oddly zvakakwana, haana kurasa guta mamiriro.

With paChernobyl zvinhu zvakasiyana. Zvinokuchengetedzai kuti upenyu, kune vanhu vari vatariri yemapurisa, uye anonzi squatters. Town nhasi - ndiyo yaiona chokudzingwa rokufambira utariri centre. PaChernobyl inonyanya pachakwo zvavakanga vachida kuita kuti anotsigira dzakapoteredza nzvimbo mune zvakatipoteredza-njodzi ezvinhu. Kudzikamiswa zvinhu iri kudzorwa radionuclides murwizi Pripyat uye airspace. The guta ndiyo vashandi ari kushumira Affairs Internal, riri basa pakudzivirira kudzingwa mapazi kubva zvisiri pamutemo kupindira.