Russian simba renyukireya miti

Zvakaitika kare zvinoratidza kuti kuchinja zvimwe manyuko simba runodiwa kwerinenge remakore. Saka, muti yakatsiviwa marasha, marasha - mafuta, mafuta - gasi, uye simba renyukireya auya kutsiva makemikari rinochiwedzera. Pokutangira kuverenga nhoroondo mukudzidzira ichangobva mhando simba anogona kunzi sezvo 1939, apo ivo akazarura fission kuti uranium exchange. Panguva iyoyo I. V. Kurchatovym akaruramiswa aifanira kuitisa tsvakurudzo chokuita renyukireya.

Pashure pemakore manomwe Rho SMAI akavaka uye yakatanga wokutanga reactor renyukireya achiri experimental. Waitanga kukura uranium exchange migodhi maindasitiri, chinangwa raiva kugadzirwa plutonium-239 uye uranium exchange-235 (chinotsva yenyukireya, izvo zvinoda simba renyukireya zvirimwa).

Muna 1954 iye yakatanga renyukireya simba chirimwa muna Obninsk. Chokwadi kuti vakadaro renyukireya simba anosima, nyika akamboona.

Makore matatu gare gare, rakachengetedzwa raparurwa pamusoro kunozivikanwa aizi "Lenin", rwakazokura chikepe renyukireya rokutanga nenyika.

Zvakatora chete gumi nehafu nokuda pamwero mukuru kukura kwesimba yenyukireya. Zvino simba renyukireya miti akavaka pose.

Energy - injini, wekona. Anenge zvose nokuda makomborero yebudiriro, kubva zvokutanga kuna girobhu racho rinovira, tsvakurudzo nzvimbo, zvinoda mumwe simba rakawanda. Uye kupfuura zvakachipa simba wedzerai nhasi ndiro simba renyukireya. pakupedzisira nesimba atomu kushandisa zvachose sectors vose upfumi ano. It rinoshandiswa zvipenyu, mushonga, kurima, metallurgia kugadzira, zvokuimba engineering, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvinenge zvose renyukireya simba miti Russia yakavakwa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. In nokushanda nesimba zvirimwa ikozvino muri 10 (simba Unit 32, muurongwa - kuvaka mumwe 26 reactors, vaviri - zvinoyangarara). Mugore 30-kiromita vematunhu, yakabatana nayo, musha kumativi 5 miriyoni. Man.

Simba zvazvisingarambiki zvakanakira simba renyukireya zvinomera kukuru, asi hazvigoni kungotariswa uye minuses.

To basa rinoda pakusikwa guru hydropower reservoirs kuti zvikazara maturakiti ivhu rakaorera guru kubva kurwizi mabhanga. mvura mira anorasikirwa unhu kwayo, yakawedzera, akavapindurawo, zvimwe zvinetso zvine chokuita mvura, Fisheries, yokufaranuka indasitiri. Asi chikuru chinhu pano pashure zvose - zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Thermal simba zviteshi zvishoma nezvishoma achiparadza rwokuzvarwa ezvinhu pasi, iyo biosphere. Sokuti dambudziko-isina kushanda NPP ushe kubva nekuve kusvibiswa. Asi zvimwe kurega pamusoro kupisa, zviri uyewo mhando yakasviba. Around munyika, yakavakwa pamusoro zana renyukireya simba zvinomera, uye chete 10% simba renyukireya - mu Russia, mune imwe neimwe simba chirimwa - mamwe reactors. The chigadzirwa unoshanda reactors - mwaranzi kutokupinza mungozi. Chokwadi, uwandu matongo riri duku, zvinonzi inochengeterwa "kushanda" mumwoyo chaiyo mumidziyo, akadai kuti runosanganisirawo kusashandisa leakage. Uye dzimwe nyika (Russia incl ..) Kunyange kuoresa marara aya, asi ngozi yasara, saka - anoramba chikonzero chokunetseka.

Sezvo pakuparurwa rokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa vaipfuura zana nekuomarara yakasiyana zviitiko. Kunyange zvazvo shoko rokuti "kusiyanisa kukomba" zvichida zvisina kukodzera, - kusingarapiki yakaipa kunogona chero, kunyange zvishoma atadze kushanda zvakanaka NPP ...