Nhoroondo yekusimbiswa kwemirimi mitauro: muchidimbu pamusoro pezvose

Programming inguva inopedza uye yakaoma nzira, iyo isingagoni kunzwisiswa nevose. Mushanduri wemutauro unowanikwa nehuwandu hwezvigadziridzo uye makodhi emakodhi. Uye mamakombiyuta ezuva ranhasi ndiwo akashongedzerwa zvakakwana nekuda kwekuti ivo vakagadzirirwa. Uye nhoroondo yekufambisa kwema software ingadai isina kubudirira zvikuru dai yakanga isiri yerurimi rukuru rwemichina kushandura mazwi ekufananidzira mumakodhi emashini. Funga kuti nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwemitauro yakawanda yakave sei.

Motokari yekutanga yakabuda muna 1955 neanoedza nevanokurudzira IBM pasi pekutungamirirwa kweunyanzvi John Backus. Yakanga iri mutauro wepamusoro-soro unonzi Fortran, kwete sarura yemirairo yakajeka, asi sangano remitemo yakakura yakazozivikanwa sevashandi, kana kuti algorithmic mitauro. Kuti vashandurire mumakodhi yemichina, vashanduri vakagadzirwa kuti vashandise zvigadziriswe uye vaite kuti zvinzwisiswe pamakombiyuta ehurumende. Kune nzira mbiri: kududzira uye kuunganidza. Pamusana pezvinyorwa zveshanduro yeFranran, vakakurumidza kushandiswa, uye yekupedzisira imwe yezvinyanya kuzivikanwa mumitauro mazuva ano.

Zvisinei, iyi haisi yega auto-code yemashini. Nhoroondo yekuvandudza mapurogiramu emitauro inoenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwemagadzirirwo eAlgol, ayo anoshandiswa kunyanya munharaunda yezvidzidzo uye ane nhamba huru yemashoko matsva. Ichi chiitiko chinoitika muna 1960. Uye mushure menguva pfupi, vashandi veBI vanofunga nezvemabhii vakauya nemutauro weCobol, iyo inotungamirirwa kushandiswa mumamiriro emabhizimisi uye yakashandiswa kugadzirisa zvakakosha uye ruzivo ruzivo rwehupfumi.

Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro emitauro inoenderera mberi nevaporofesa vekoroji muDartsmouth, T. Kurtz naJ. Kemeni, avo vakagadzira BASIC inonyanyozivikanwa. Iyo yakajeka kupfuura Fortran, uye saka yakashandiswa mumakombiyuta evanhu. Akakonzera kuputika kwechiitiko, kuve sarudzo huru ye programming codes, nekugadzira makombiyuta nzvimbo yevashandisi vakanyanya.

Kunyoresa kwekushandisa nekugona kwekukurukurirana kukurukurirana ndezvakakosha zvakakosha zve BASIC. Zvinokanganisa kusavapo kwekudziviswa purogiramu, iyo inonyanya kuvhiringidza uye inoita kuti zvive zvisinganzwisisike. Zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa ne BASIC zvishoma nezvishoma zvakasikwa, nokuti hazvirevi pane vanyori, asi kune vashanduri.

Nhasi, masayendisiti anopfuurira kushanda pakuvandudzika kwawo uye kuedza kuunza Pascal pedyo nepurogiramu, iyo yakaratidza zvakare nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemarongerwo emitauro. Musiki wayo, ari kurudyi, ndiye purofesa paZurich Polytechnic University, Nicklaus Wirth. Uye akatumidza zita rake rakagadzirwa mukukudza Pascal, uyo ndiye akatanga kugadzira kombiyuta yekutanga. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinyorwa zviri nyore uye zvakajeka zvekugadzira mitauro, zvichikubvumira kunyora zvakajeka uye zvinonzwisisika zvirongwa.

Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemapurogiramu yaizove isina kukwana pasina mutauro weGehena, anonzi mushure mekutanga purogiramu yemadzimai Ada Lovelace, mukunda weGeorge Byron. Icho chinonyanya kufambira mberi uye chakasununguka purogiramu yemutauro, yakanyorwa pamusana pePascal.

Nhoroondo yekufambisa kwemaofisi ine mubato rayo yakawanda mimwe mitauro yemitauro iyo yakanyorerwa zvikumbiro zvakakosha. Somuenzaniso, Simulation, Simcrit uye GPSS inoshandiswa mukuenzanisa. Kuti udzidzise midziyo, FORT inoshandiswa. Zvirongwa zvegadziriro zvakanyorwa mumutauro weSIM. Databases dzakasikwa neCodasil mutauro. Kudzidzisa programming, Logo, Robik uye shanduro yemagariro eA AP yakakodzera. Ershova.

Nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwemapurogiramu haina kunyorwa kunyorwa uye hazvigoneke kuitika munguva yemberi iri pedyo.