Apo mafuta emichindwe inokura?

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva pamusoro kuvapo mafuta emichindwe. Nhasi zviri chimwe chezvinhu kushandiswa uye zvakafanana mishonga zvigadzirwa yose. Nyaya ino vachatarira mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro ichi kuziva zvekumwe zvinomera, zvichipa inodiwa chigadzirwa: chii mafuta emichindwe, inobereka nezvakadaro.

Chokutanga, ndinoda kuona kuti tsananguro wokutanga muti, akafanana mafuta emichindwe, chakaitwa zita Venetian Alvise Da Mosto cada ari XV remakore. musayendisiti ichi kutsvakurudza muna West Africa.

Makore anopfuura 50 adarika, zvibereko yemichindwe oilseed kuuya yakareba nzira pamwe nevaranda mhiri Atlantic Ocean, pashure iyo mafuta yava zvakapararira munyika.

Pane zvitsuwa Solomon (South-West Pacific), apo unogona kuona kusingaperi mitsara remichindwe, chibereko iyo mafuta anogadzirwa.

Oil chanza: mapikicha, tsananguro

Izvi chanza chirimwa mhuri uye mumwe mhando mafuta emichindwe.

In nyati kukura chimiro, ndiwo muti hombe ane kukwirira anogona kusvika 20 kusvika 30 metres, asi ari mutsika kuwedzera inokura kubva 10 kusvika 15 mamita. The chikuru hunde muchanza pa 4-6 chete anooneka pasi gore upenyu rokutanga, uye mumumvuri (pasi Tente) - chete mumakore 15-20. Akura muti hunde ane dhayamita 25 masendimita.

kumuchindwe Midzi simba chaizvo, asi izvozvo kunoitika, sezvinoita mutemo, kwete kwazvo. miriwo vakura vane hunde zvigadziko vane mutsa laterally adventitious midzi dzakawanda. Vamwe zvirimwa zviri saka gobvu zvinoshandiswa kufukidza hunde kusvika imwe kukwirira 1 mita.

Mashizha emichindwe refu (kusvika 7 metres), hombe uye feathery. Ari mukuru chirimwa ari korona inogona kuverengwa 20-40 zvidimbu. Asi rimwe gore panguva muchanza kufa uye 25 mashizha, itsva kutsiviwa. Large shava spines akafukidza mashizha pemashanga.

Kunze ose pamusoro rakanaka chaizvo uye paumambo chitarisiko, mafuta ichi zvinoshamisa emichindwe.

muchero

Izvi zvinowanzoitika drupe Ukuru musi. muchero Oval mafuta muchanza pamusoro zvemapuranga fibrous pericarp, uye mukati riri pakati pulp chine mafuta. Under pulp ichi akazadza mumwe kumbonyanya rakasimba walnuts goko, mukati iyo - chinoumba (kana mbeu). Yokupedzisira ine zvikurukuru pamusoro endosperm, embryo mbeu duku.

Oil chanza (mufananidzo pamusoro muchero) iri kuwanda drupes. Mukanyiwa neimwe iri 55-100 d aunganidzwa mu paniculate inflorescences ine dzinokwana kubva 1300 kusvika 2300 fetuses.

mamirire kwemafuta

mafuta Palm anogadzirwa kubva muchero pulp. ruvara Its anogona anosiyana kubva nerima yero kusvikira kwasviba tsvuku noruvara, uye ainyanya kushandiswa senzira mafuta uye muitiro kuti kugadzirwa sipo.

Palm tsanga mafuta anogadzirwa kubva pasvurwe zvibereko remichindwe. Maererano zvivako ayo uye sezvamunoita akafanana yemikokonati uye rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo.

Kunyange mafuta ichi ane utsotso zvokusvika madhigirii 27 kusvika 30 Celsius, chinowanzoonekwa pasi hydrogenation, rinoshandiswa admixture nevamwe miriwo mafuta kana mvura yoga kuti vawane zvokudya hydrogenated mafuta ari margarine gadzira.

Kubudisa imwe tani mafuta emichindwe anofanira matani mana nehafu muchero.

kukohwa

Oil chanza, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ane vakawanda zvibereko. With zvose izvi miti vashandi kuunganidza kuibva mukoho anosvika 2 matani (ndiko kubva 80 kusvika 100 amazambiringa) noruoko daily. Ona kuti mumwe sumbu rinosvika 25 makirogiramu yairema. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo pamusoro michero mazana maviri.

Unganidzai michero kwakaoma chaizvo uye nguva yakawanda, nokuti riri pane imwe nekukwirira mana storey chivakwa. sei ichi? Vashandi vachikoshesa mapanga amabwe anopinza kumugumo ane extendable danda. Kushandisa vateresi izvi vakatema miti uye muchero inounganidzwa mirwi parutivi pomugwagwa. Ipapo Masvinga anowira emhodzi.

kuwedzera nzvimbo

Munyika inopisa achikura mafuta emichindwe. Apo yakura? Kune African chanza iyi mhando (Elaeis guieneensis). Kunyange munyika yokumusha kwake - Tropical Africa (Nigeria), inokura muna Malaysia, Central America uye Indonesia.

Panewo kwavakanouraya vanokura kumuchindwe (rudzi Elaeis melanococca, Acrocomia uye Coco Mbocaya) uye South America (zvikurukuru, muParaguay). Kukudziridza chirimwa ichi kuti pagadzirwe maindasitiri uye zvokudya nemafuta.

negoho

Wild-kukura mafuta emichindwe Anotumbuka uye inobereka michero chete muna 10-20-fung gore upenyu, uye zvikuru kukudziridzwa chirimwa anotanga zvibereko rechitatu kana kuti rechina gore pashure kudyara.

Goho kunonyanyisa zvasvika pazera makore 15-18, uye zvachose yakararama ari zvekumwe miti paavhareji kubva 80 kusvika 120 makore.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Oil chibereko ichi chinoshamisa anobatsira miti anobudiswa kubva kare. Panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvakawanikwa chake pamwe pachena zviratidzo mafuta emichindwe (African kuvigwa nhandare enzvimbo kuna III chemakore BC. E.).

Kurimwa remichindwe uri muindasitiri pamwero akatanga chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Panguva iyoyo, mafuta zvibereko vaifarira boka, izvo rakabudisa sipo uye margarine.

Large-pamwero kurimwa miti akatanga kuIndonesia muna 1911, muna Malaysia - muna 1919. Akatanga kuwedzera nzvimbo pamwe zvakadyarwa miti izvi munyika African.

Parizvino, mafuta emichindwe - mumwe vaitungamirira zvirimwa munyika, kushandiswa pakugadzira mafuta muriwo. Maererano nenhamba, ayo vanopfuura mamiriyoni 9 matani zvakabudiswa muna 1988, uye gore negore kugadzirwa ari kungoramba.

kushandiswa

The zvemo pachavo vari yaiwanzoshandiswa zvokudya akawana kubva drupes freshest ruomba, panguva iyoyo, kuravidza chakatodzana nzungu. Zvadaro, kunaka uye kunhuwa kwayo kushandura hazvifadzi chaizvo.

Kazhinji, mafuta emichindwe rinoshandiswa zvikuru dzakasiyana: kubva fibers vaduku ayo mashizha akagadzirwa netambo, akaoma mashizha anoshandiswa dzokurukisa nepanhovo, namachira, akaita navo uye padenga mumatumba. Kubva madzinde micheka mumatengu, zvikuru machikichori vaduku awo zvinoshandiswa zvokudya (inonzi chanza makabheji), kubva muto yemichindwe waini anogadzirwa.

MuEngland, mafuta inoshandiswa tsvedzesa michina uye kenduru kugadzira.

Mumakore achangopfuura, izvozvo zvakatanga kukura nomuchindwe muBrazil.

In mhedziso - pamusoro peculiarities mafuta chikumbiro

Zvinoshamisa kuti muchanza mafuta anoshandiswa simbi (lubricants kuti zvigayo tikaisa uye m. P.) rinoshandiswa muna zvokudya indasitiri.

kushandiswa kwaro kweShanduro yokuvirisa, disintegrants, aizikirimu mu maindasitiri chakabikwa mbatatisi Chips (crisps).

Uyezve, rinoshandiswa mune zvaAtemisi zvizoro uye mishonga zvigadzirwa. Uye kubva pakutanga 2000s, mafuta emichindwe chose kushingaira chinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi biofuels.