Berta Benz akazvarwa rini?

Cecilia Berta Benz mudzimai akasiyana uye mukuru. Akave akakurumbira sei? Berta Benz akazvarwa rini? Tichazotaura pamusoro peizvi gare gare.

Akaberekwa Berta Bence May 3, 1849 muvezi wemhuri Carl Friedrich Ringer. Aive musikana akanaka kwazvo wechizvarwa cheGermany. Uye murume wake, Karl Benz, akanga ari piyona wekuGermany anozivikanwa wepasi rose mhizha yemotokari. Kuzivikanwa kwemukadzi uyu ndechokuti iye akaita nyika yekutanga motokari. Ndinokutendai Bert, panguva ino isu tinofara nemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari uye tarisa mitambo yemigwagwa.

Kuroora

Paakazosvitsa makore 23, musi waMay 20, 1878, akakwanisa kuroora Karl Benz. Chiitiko chekuzivana kwevakaroorana vakanaka chakaitika chaizvo pamusangano waKar pamwe neshamwari dzake, apo musoro wepurojekiti itsva mune zvesayenzi yakangokurukurwa. Musikana Carl akakwanisa kutora nyaya yake, zvokuti Berthe akabva abvisa kubatana kwake naWilhelm, pasinei nezvikonzero zvose zvababa vake. Karl akawira murudo nemusikana. Vakabva vatanga kusangana. Pasina nguva vaviri vacho vakava murume nomudzimai. Iyi imba yakatora upenyu hwose hutsva. Berta Benz nemurume wake vakakurira vana vashanu vakanaka.

Chisarudzo chinokosha kubatsira

Bertha Benz, uyo ane mukana wekuona munyaya yacho, nguva dzose akabatsira murume wake munhau dzake, akatsigira zvose mutsika uye zvemari. Kunyange isati yatochata, sangano Carla rakatambura nemari yakawanda. Berta, asina kurasikirwa, anoita chisarudzo chekubatsira murume wake weramangwana, uye anomupa mari yake yose, yakawanikwa nababa. Iyi mari yakabatsira zvikuru Carl kugadzira injini itsva. Asi mari yakakurumidza kupera, sezvo muchengeti aichengeta, nhamo, zvisiri huru. Panguva iyoyo vakomana vaviri vakabuda mumhuri: Eugen naRichard. Biography Berta Benz yakanga iri panguva ino kwete iyo inofadza zvikuru. Akabika kudya kwemanheru zvishoma kubva pane. Mhuri yaiva nenzara. Mukadzi uyu akanga akasimba sezvaaigona. Karl nguva yose iyi nekushingaira uye kushanda nesimba pamabasa ake matsva.

Imotokari yemurume wangu wokutanga

Pakupedzisira, maitiro avo akabatanidzwa haana kupfuura pasina. Muna 1885, Carl akasika izvo zvinonzi "self-propelled wheelchair." Yaiva nejini imwe-cylinder ine simba rakaenzana nesimba rebhiza rimwe. Kurema kwejini iyi kwaingova 60 kg chete. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvishoma. Tora kuti uenzanise injini "Deutz" - kurema kwayo kwakanga kuri 660 kg.

Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaiva nemafungiro akasiyana kune zvimwe zviwanikwa mune sayenzi uye teknolojia. Asi, pasinei nekusekwa kwevakapoteredza, Karl akapfuurira kushanda pamapurogiramu ake, uye muna 1988 akanga atumira mimwe michina yakafanana yakafanana. Vakasiyana kubva pamuenzaniso wokutanga uye vakanga vari nani pane zvose. Chimwe chazvo chaiva cabriolet (motokari ine kubhururuka kubva kumusoro, iyo yakashanda senzvimbo yakachengeteka yemvura kana imwe yakaipa yemamiriro okunze).

Asi mapurogiramu ose akakundikana, pakanga pasina chido chezviitiko zvakadaro. Vagari vakangwarira nekuzvidzwa vakafunga zvidzidzo zvepamusoro uye vakazvibvunza mubvunzo wekuti: "Sei tichigadzira motokari dzemotokari, kana pane mabhiza mumigwagwa?"

Rwendo rweBertha nevanakomana vake pamotokari yekutanga

Berta Benz, uyo hupenyu hwake hwakanga huri hwakanakisisa, akatarisa zvinhu zvose zvinotanga kuitika pakutanga nevakadzi vake, vachiziva kuti chero basa ripi raidiwa kuratidzwa kumwe. Vanhu vaifanira kuziviswa uye kuratidza zvinobatsira zvemichina. Ratidza kuti kutakura kwakadaro kwakanaka zvikuru kupfuura yekare yengoro motokari.

Pachikonzero chekufunga kwake musi waMay 5, 1988, Bertha akaita chisarudzo chisina kunaka. Asingazivi murume wake nezvekuenda kwake, anotora motokari yake ndokuenda nevanakomana vake vaviri mumugwagwa. Pamberi pengoro yacho aiva mukuru, ane makore gumi nemashanu weEugen. Vakaenda kuPforzheim, guta iro vabereki vaBertini vaigara. Kufamba kwechikwata chaiva anenge 15 km / h. Nharaunda yakatarwa yakavharwa nezuva yaiva anenge makiromita 106.

Munguva yorwendo, kumanikidzirwa kwekumanikidzwa kwakagadzirirwa kutenga petoro mu pharmacy, yakatengeswa imomo semuchenesheni unonzi "Ligroin". Iyi inonaya panguva iyoyo yakashandiswa sehuni. Kutengesa kwaiitwa mumabhodhoro maduku.

Road adventures

Munguva yorwendo rwacho, kwaive nemigwagwa yakaisvonaka inonakidza. Chikonzero chekutanga chekuparara kwaiva mabheki. Apo motokari yaive ichifambisa nepamhanho mumugwagwa wemugwagwa, uye kunyange isati yasvika, mabheki aive kusvuta, kana kuti panzvimbo yepadhesi yeganda. Vana vacho vakatya kwazvo, asi Bertha haana kurasikirwa musoro zvakare. Pano iye akashanda mamiriro emudzimai wemotokari, uye panguva iyoyo akadanidzira achiti: "Munhu wose anotenderera kune rumwe rutivi!" Nokuda kwesarudzo yakarurama, vakadzivisa kuparara kwemotokari. Zvitsva zvitsva zvakagadzirirwa kubva kumucheka wehangu, mumusha uri pedyo.

Kukundikana kwakatevera munzendo kwaiva cheketani yesimbi, iyo yakatambanudzwa panguva yerwendo. Dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa nemumwe wemashizha emusha. Berta haana kurasikirwa nechechipiri, apo kambo yakatambanudzwa yakanga ichigadziriswa, akaronga chishamiso chekambanikiti chakakomberedza boka revanhu zviduku-mharidzo, kusimbisa zvose zvakanakisisa maitiro emotokari. Vaparidzi vemadzimai vaiva negodo zvikuru naBertha, nokuti ivo vaida chaizvo kutasva ngoro yakadaro. Inogona kusimbiswa kuti kutaura kwaBertha Bentz kwakaita kuti vanhu vave nemafungiro makuru, sezvo zvose zvaive zvakajeka uye zvakaratidzwa.

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti nekubatsirwa kwebvudzi rake bharrette, Bertha akakwanisa kugadzirisa pipeline ye petrol, yakavharwa munguva yerwendo.

Asi hazvisi zvose. Apo pakanga pane kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwetambo iri pasi, Bertha achibatsirwa negariti yekusungira yakaita kusungirirwa mumhepo inopisa.

Nokudaro, rwendo runonakidza, runonakidza uye runobatsira rwaBertha nevana vake kuenda kuPforzheim kubva kuMannheim rakaitwa. Pakuuya kwavo vakanyora muTeregiramu kumurume wavo, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga atova mumatambudziko ake uye aine hanya nezvemhuri yake, uye kunyange kufunga kuti chii chingaitika kwavari.

Kuvandudza motokari

Vana vaKarl vakapedzisa mufananidzo wemotokari: vakagadzira mwenje wekufamba kweusiku nguva, vakawedzera chigamba chechipiri uye vakawedzera nhamba yekurwisana. Zvose izvi zvaifungidzirwa semugumisiro werwendo urwu rwekuedza kuenda kuna mbuya vangu.

Pakupedzisira, tinogona kugumisa kuti dai zvakanga zvisiri zvemukadzi weCharles akachenjera uye ane ngozi, Bertha Benz, mhando yemotokari iyo yakasikwa yaizogara yakangoita seinosekwa, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana. Uye mushure memazana makumi emakore, zvose zvakachengetedzwa kubudirira mune sayenzi zvakawana zvinoreva.

Kutanga kuraira

Berta Benz, motokari chaiyo, akabva afunga nezvekukosha kwemakine akadaro: zviri nyore uye zvinokurumidza kufamba nevanhu, pamwe chete nemitoro pasina basa rakawanda rekuita. Munyika yose, kuchinja kwakaitika nekuda kwemukadzi wechiJalimane, musikana wemuvezi.

Rwendo rwacho rwakanga rwunonakidza kuvanhu, uye mushure mechinguva Carl Benz akatanga kugamuchira mirairo yekusika kwemotokari itsva uye yakawanda. Carl akatengesa motokari 25 muna 1893. Vaiva motokari seMotorwagen (izvo zvinoreva "injini crew" kubva kuGermany), izvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagadzirirwa vanhu vaviri chete. Mafambiro avo anenge anenge 16 km neawa. Mushonga uyu wakatanga kuburikidza nekutsva kwegesi, izvo zvakatora simba razvo kubva pagativhaic bateri. Sezvo mafuta, sapakutanga, akanga ari "Ligroin". Iyo motokari yose yakashandiswa kushanda chete mushure mokunge mutyairi wacho atora mhepo inomhanya. Uye panzvimbo yevhiriji panguva iyoyo yaisungirirwa kutungamirira lever.

Nenguva isipi Karl Benz akatanga nheyo yeVelo.

Mhuri inonyaradza

Mudzimai akanga asisambofaniri kupinda munhau dzemurume wake. Muzvose zvaakazviita kaviri muupenyu hwake. Yokutanga, pandakaisa mari yangu yose, uye wechipiri - rwendo rwengozi "rwekutengesera" pane zvisingazivikanwi panguva iyoyo yemaitiro. Zvose zvoupenyu hwake zvakapedzwa naBertha, kutarisira kumba kunyaradzwa. Bhizimisi remhuri rakagadzwa, uye matambudziko ose emari akagadziriswa.

Rufu

Muna 1944, mukadzi mukuru akafa. Aive nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. Akapona murume wake kwemakore 15. Muguta rePforzheim Rene Dantes akaisa mufananidzo mukukudza Bertha uye rwendo rwake rurefu.

Berta Benz: Zviitiko Zvinofadza

Chinhu chinonakidza chaiva zita remugwagwa mukukudza B. Benz. Maererano naiye muna 1888, mukadzi uyu akaita rwendo rwake rukuru, iro rakava chiitiko chikuru muupenyu hweBenz mhuri. Muna 2008, munaFebruary, iyi nzira yakaratidzwa sechivako chezvakaitika zvemabhizimisi muGermany.

Muna 2011, mutungamiri weGermany Til Endemann, achitora chikwata chemazana autobiography yaKar naBertha Benz, vakaita firimu. Yakapiwa kune muoni wegore rechi 125 rekuonekwa kwemotokari. Yakataridzirwa nevanenge mamiriyoni 4.5 vanoona.

Nhasi hatigone kufungidzira upenyu hwedu pasina motokari kutakura, uye zvose nekuda kwemukadzi mukuru Berthe Benz nemurume wake Karl.