Ice yehondo: chirongwa uye nzira yehondo

Hondo yeIza ndiyo imwe yehondo huru muRussia, panguva iyo iyo Prince of Novgorod, Alexander Nevsky, yakanyadzisa Knights of the Livonian Order paLake Peipsi. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vave vachikakavadzana pamusoro pemashoko ehondo iyi. Dzimwe nguva dzinoramba dzisinganzwisisiki, kusanganisira kuti Ice Slaughter yaiitwa sei. Chirongwa nekugadziriswa kwemashoko ehondo iyi zvichatibvumira kuzivisa chakavanzika pamusoro pemitambo yehupenyu yakabatana nehondo huru.

Mamiriro ekurwisana

Kutanga muna 1237, apo Papa akazivisa kutanga kwemumwe mhirizhonga munyika dzekumabvazuva kweBaltic, pakati pevatongi veRussia kune rumwe rutivi, neSweden, Denmark neGermany Livonian Order, kune imwe, pakanga pane kupesana nguva dzose, iyo nguva nenguva yakatanga kuva mauto ehondo.

Saka, muna 1240, masvondo echiSweden aitungamirirwa naJarl Birger akauya kumuromo weNeva, asi hondo yaNovgorod iri pasi pemurairo weChris Alexander Nevsky yakavakunda muhondo yakaoma.

Mugore rimwe chete, murairo weVibudonian wakatanga kushandura kunotyisa kune nyika dzeRussia. Varwi vake vakatora Izborsk uye Pskov. Kuongorora dambudziko racho, dare reNoggorod muna 1241 rainzi Alexander rekare kuti atonge, kunyange zvazvo achangobva kumudzinga. Mutungamiri akaunganidza boka rake ndokubva arwisana neVaLibonia. Muna March 1242 akakwanisa kusunungura Pskov. Alexander akaendesa mauto ake kuenda kuzvinhu zveMutungamiriri, nenzira yebhishopu reDorpatian, apo vafundisi vakapinda masimba makuru. Mapato akazvigadzirira ivo pachavo hondo yakakosha.

Vapikisi vakasangana musi waEpril 5, 1242 paLake Peipsi, asi vachiri kuvharwa nechando. Ndicho chikonzero hondo iyi yakazozivikanwa seHondo yeCha. Gungwa panguva iyoyo rakanga rakanyoroveswa zvakadzika zvakakwana kuti rimanikidze mauto ane simba.

Masimba emapati

Hondo yeRussia yakanga yakanyatsopararira. Asi musana waro, chokwadi, waiva Novquodod squad. Mukuwedzera, hondo yacho yaisanganisira izvo zvinonzi "zvirongwa zvemasango", izvo zvakatungamirira mukomana. Simba rose revarwi veRussia inofungidzirwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare muna 15-17 vanhu vane zviuru.

Hondo yeLiboniya yakanga isingagamuchirwi. Hondo yemauto ayo yakagadzirwa nehondo dzakagadzirira zvehondo dzechiuto chechiuto chechiuto , yakatungamirirwa naitenzi Andreas von Velven, uyo, kunyange zvakadaro, haana kubatanidzwa muhondo yacho pachayo. Uyewo muuto maiva vashanduri veDanish nevatungamiri veguta reDurpat, iro raiva nevakawanda veEstonia. Simba rose reuto reLibonian rinofungidzirwa pa 10-12 zviuru zvevanhu.

Nzira yehondo

Nhoroondo dzezvinyorwa zvakatipa isu nemashoko anonyanyisa ane simba pamusoro pokuti kurwa kwakapfuurira sei. Kuurayiwa kwechando kwakatanga apo vapfuri vehondo yaNovogorod vakapinda mberi vakafukidza guta nechimvuramabwe chemiseve. Asi vekupedzisira vakapedza, vachishandisa masimba ehondo anonzi "yenguruve", vanopwanya kupfura uye kuputika mukati meuto reRussia.

Achiona izvi, Alexander Nevsky akarayira kuvhara vaLiboni kubva kumativi. Idzidzidzi dzaiiswa mumakiti. Kutanga kuparadzwa zvachose kwevarwi veRussia. Mauto anobatsira eDare, achiona kuti simba ravo guru rakundwa, vakatiza. VaNoggorod vakatsvaga kutiza kwemakiromita anopfuura manomwe. Iyo hondo yakaguma mukukunda kwakakwana kwemauto eRussia.

Ndiyo yaiva nyaya yeHondo yeCha.

Hondo yeHondo

Kwete pasina chikonzero mumabhuku edzimba pamabasa ehondo nzvimbo yakakodzera yakanga ichichengetwa neAja kuurawa. Chirongwa chiri pasi apa chiratidziro chakajeka chechipo chemutungamiriri weAlexander Nevsky uye anoshumira somuenzaniso wekuvhimirwa kwakanyatsoshanda.

Pamupu, tinoona zvakajeka kutanga kwehondo yeLibonian kupinda mumasoja eRussia. Uyewo kuratidzirwa ndeyekupoteredzwa kwemakumbo uye kupukunyuka kunotevera kwemasimba anobatsira eDare, izvo zvakagumisa Ice Battle. Chirongwa chacho chinokubvumira kuvaka zviitiko izvi muketani imwechete uye zvinokurudzira zvikuru kuvakazve zviitiko zvinowanikwa panguva yehondo.

Migumisiro yeHondo

Mushure mokunge hondo yaNovogorod yakakunda kukunda kwakakwana pamusoro pemasimba eVaCréfusaders, umo Alexander Nevsky akakodzera zvikuru, chibvumirano cherugare chakasimbiswa, umo murairo weVidonian wakaramba zvachose kuwanikwa kwaro munguva pfupi yenyika yeRussia. Vasungwa vakanga vachinjanawo.

Kukundwa kwakatambudzwa neChirongwa muHondo yeIza kwakange kwakakomba zvokuti akanyengedza maronda kwemakore gumi uye haana kumbofunga nezvekupinda kwetsva kwenyika dzeRussia.

Chinhu chiduku chakakosha kukunda kwaAlexander Nevsky munyaya yakaitika kare. Yakava iyo iyo yekupedzisira kwenyika dzedu yakagadziriswa uye kuguma kwekupedzisira kwechisimba chevaGermany vanopinda muchechi kumabvazuva kwakatorwa. Zvechokwadi, mushure mokudaro Mutemo wakaedza kubvisa chikamu cheRussia nyika kanopfuura kamwe chete, asi hazvina kumboitika kuitika kwakatora huwandu hwakawanda hweunhu.

Manyepo uye maonero asina kufanira anosangana nehondo

Pane pfungwa yokuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo muhondo yeLake Peipsi uto reRussia rakabatsirwa nechando, izvo zvisingakwanisi kukurira kuoma kwevarwi vechiGermany vane simba uye vakatanga kumira pasi pavo. Muzvokwadi, hakuna humwe husimberi hwezvechokwadi hwechokwadi ichi. Uyezve, maererano nekutsvaga kwekupedzisira, kuyerwa kwemidziyo yeGermany knights neRussian knights inobatanidzwa muhondo yaive yakaenzana.

Vatongi veGermany mumaonero evanhu vazhinji, izvo zvinonyanya kufuridzirwa ne cinema, zvakanyanya kupfeka zvikwama, zvinowanzoshongedzwa nenyanga. Muzvokwadi, mitemo yeMutemo inorambidza kushandiswa kwezvishongo zvishongo. Saka, mumusoro, pakanga pasina panga chero nyanga dzevaLibonia.

Mhinduro

Nokudaro, takaona kuti rimwe remauto anokosha uye anoyevedza munhoroondo yeRussia yaiva Hondo yeCha. Hondo yekurwisana yakatibvumira kuti tive nemaitiro ekuratidza maitiro ayo uye tione chikonzero chikuru chekukundwa kwemakumbo - kuongororazve mauto avo, pavakakurumidza kupinda muchirwere.