Nhoroondo Kuril Islands. Kuril Islands munhau Russian-Japanese ukama

Miganhu kusawirirana vane ano. ari Asia-Pacific nharaunda chete ane nhamba idzi. The zvakakura vavo - the miganhu gakava pamusoro Kuril Islands. Russia uye Japan ndivo vanonyanya vechikamu. The zvinomboitika chinoumba, izvo inokurukurwa ane mhando chinogumbura pakati maviri inoti ane chimiro wakaderera gomo. Hakuna munhu anoziva kana iye uchatanga "kuputika".

Panovhurwa Kuril Islands

Rezvitsuwa riri pamuganhu pakati kuGungwa Okhotsk uye Pacific Ocean, ndiye Kuril Islands. It pakugadzwa pamusoro. Hokkaido kuti ari Kamchatka Peninsula. Mundima Kuril Islands ine maturakiti 30 huru panyika, takapoteredzwa mvura yegungwa uye gungwa, uye vazhinji zviduku kunhivi dzose.

The rwendo wokutanga kubva Europe, waiva nemhenderekedzo ari Kuril Islands uye Sakhalin - a Dutch vezvikepe achitungamirirwa MG Vries. chiitiko ichi kwakaitika muna 1634. Havana chete akaita kuwanikwa idzi, asi akataura navo sezvo Dutch ndima.

Vatsvakurudzi Russian Empire akadzidzawo Sakhalin uye Kuril Islands:

• 1646 - Panovhurwa okumusoro-yokumadokero Sakhalin rwendo kubva VD Poyarkova;
• 1697 - V. V. Atlasovu anova kuziva nezvokuvapo zvitsuwa.

Panguva iyoyowo, kumaodzanyemba muzvitsuwa rezvitsuwa vari kutanga Kusazopinda Japanese vezvikepe. Pakupera remakore rechi18, zviri vaichengeta chitarisiko mafekitari dzavo uye Fishing yenzendo uye gare gare - zvesayenzi nzendo. A rinokosha iri kudzidza ndezvaAroni M. uye M. Tokunai Rindzo. Around iyoyo iri Kuril Islands rwendo kunobva France neEngland.

yawanikwa zvitsuwa dambudziko

Nhoroondo Kuril Islands uchiri gakava pamusoro mubvunzo rokutanga yavo. VokuJapan vanoti vakatanga vakawana nyika muna 1644. National Museum of Japanese History anokoshesa kadhi panguva nenguva iyo runoenzanirana mazita anoreva. Maererano navo, vanhu Russian vakanga varipo zvishoma kwapera, muna 1711. Mukuwedzera, wokuRussia mepu yacho, yomusi 1721 gore, rinoreva se "Japanese Islands". Ndizvo akawana idzi aiva Japan.

Kuril Islands munhoroondo yeRussia yakatanga kutaurwa chizvidavirire gwaro N. I. Kolobova chevaux Alexei kubva 1646 pamusoro zviri mbeya IY Moskvitina. Uyewo, mashoko makadhi yaMakoronike Ages Holland, dzekuma Scandinavia uye Germany anoratidza misha zvizvarwa Russian.

Pakazopera muzana remakore rechi18 rakanga pamutemo kubatana navo yokuRussia nyika, uye vagari venyika Kuril Islands awana Russian citizenship. Panguva iyo kwakanga akatanga mhosva mutero wehurumende. Asi kunyange ipapo kana gare gare haana wemasaini chibvumirano chero bilateral Russian-Japanese kana chibvumirano dzakawanda chinga anoona kodzero reRussia pazviwi izvi. Kunze kwavo kumaodzanyemba hazvina pasi pesimba uye kudzora Russian.

Kuril Islands uye ukama pakati Russia uye Japan

Nhoroondo Kuril Islands kutanga muna 1840 inozivikanwa nokuva zvakawedzera basa British, American uye French nzendo kuchamhembe-kumadokero Pacific. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa itsva dzinokaroparuka kufarira Russia muna pave Rara Japan, pamwe nedzenyu uye vezvokutengeserana zvakasikwa. Vice Admiral EV Putyatin muna 1843 akava initiator pakati pfungwa yokusimbisa rwendo matsva vokuJapan uye Chinese ndima. Asi akarambwa Nicholas I.

Gare gare, muna 1844, akanga akasendamira KUDAI Kruzenshtern. Asi haana kugamuchira kutsigirwa mambo. Munguva iyi yose Russian-American kambani iri kutora basa matanho kuti pave noukama hwakanaka pedyo nyika.

chibvumirano chekutanga pakati Japan uye Russia

The dambudziko Kuril Islands kwakasarudzwa muna 1855, apo Japan uye Russia akasaina chibvumirano yokutanga. Asati ichi Zvakatora nguva refu nhaurirano kwacho. Zvakatanga pakaberekwa Putiatina muna Shimoda mukupera kwematsutso 1854. Asi nokukurumidza Nhaurirano akavhuniwa kwenyika kukuru. Zvakakwana chakakomba kuomesa aiva ari Crimean Hondo uye rubatsiro wakapiwa French uye British vatongi vokuTurkey.

The chikuru zvokudya sungano:

• pokugadzwa nedzenyu ukama pakati penyika mbiri;
• kudzivirira uye kudzivirirwa, uyewo kuona kuchengetedzwa pfuma vanotongwa rimwe mamiriro pamusoro munharaunda imwe;
• tichiita muganhu pakati rinoti riri pedo pazvitsuwa Urup uye Iturup Kuril Islands (Sakhalin Batanidzai pakuchengetedza nharaunda);
• kuvhura zvimwe zviteshi vezvikepe Russian, chisarudzo wezvokutengeserana pano pasi pokudzora nevakuru vakuru vomunharaunda;
• Russian Mumiriri Kugadzwa mune mumwe wevaya zvengarava;
• rabvuma kodzero extraterritoriality;
• kugamuchira pakukura Russian-nyasha hweHIV.

Japan yakagamuchirawo mvumo kubva Russian kutengeserana chengarava Korsakov, Posted on nharaunda Sakhalin kwemakore 10. Rakavakwa munyika veHigh. Izvi inosiya chero zvokutengeserana uye tsika mabasa.

The reshiyo kunyika kusvika Treaty

A Danho idzva, izvo zvinosanganisira nhoroondo Kuril Islands - ndiye kusaina wokuRussia-Japanese chibvumirano muna 1875. Akagamuchira vakavhengana wongororo kubva vamiririri venyika idzi. Vagari Japanese vaidavira kuti hurumende chakaipa, wakati vaipanana Sakhalin pamusoro "akatevedzana diki matombo" (sezvo vadana Kurils). Vamwe nyore mberi application nokuda kupanana mumwe nyika kune imwe. Vazhinji vavo vanowanzomuitira kufunga kuti pakupedzisira kuchauya zuva apo hondo vasvika kuna Kuril Islands. Kusanzwisisana Russia uye Japan, pachamera kuva uto chiito, uye vanotanga kurwa pakati penyika mbiri.

Saizvozvowo, rokuongorora mamiriro uye Russian divi. Vazhinji vamiririri States akafunga kuti nharaunda yose ndohwavo sapiyona. Saka, chibvumirano muna 1875 havana kuva chiito kamwe kwenguva dzose chinorondedzerwa demarcation pakati penyika mbiri. Iyewo aigona kuva nzira yokudzivirirwa mamwe kurwisana pakati pavo.

Russian-Japanese hondo

Nhoroondo Kuril Islands mberi, uye inotevera rukungiso kuti omesa ukama Russian-Japanese yaiva hondo. Zvakatora nzvimbo, zvisinei zvibvumirano vakagumisa pakati inoti izvi. Muna 1904 akabata vanyengeri kurwisa Japan iri munharaunda Russia. Izvi zvakaitika risati rinoziviswa pamusoro kutanga ruvengo.

Zvikepe Japanese vakarwisa zvikepe Russian dzaiva kuchivanze mumigwagwa Port-Artois. Saka, zvakanga kubudiswa chiito zvikepe simba kupfuura, vaiva ne Russian dzechikwata.

Rinonyatsooneka zvakaitika 1905:

• kupfuura nyika hondo Mukden munhau panguva iyoyo, musi 5-24 February uye dzakaguma muna shure hondo Russian;
• Hondo Tsushima mukupera May, kuchiguma yokuparadzwa Russian reBaltic rengarava.

Pasinei nokuti kosi zviitiko muhondo iyi, nzira yakanakisisa iri nyasha Japan, iye akamanikidzwa kuenda rugare hurukuro. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti upfumi yaiva zviitiko ndaneta chaizvo zvechiuto. August 9 muPortsmouth vakatanga runyararo musangano pakati vechikamu muhondo.

Zvikonzero pokukundwa Russia muhondo

Pasinei nokuti kuguma runyararo chibvumirano akatsunga pamwero ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu maiva Kuril Islands gakava pakati Japan uye Russia haina kumborega. Izvi zvakaita kuti vazhinji vemadzimai Kuratidzira muTokyo, asi nemigumisiro hondo dzaiva zvaioneka zvikuru munyika.

Mukufamba uku akatora kuparadzwa rinenge rakazara yeRussian Pacific Fleet, vanopfuura zviuru 100 vevarwi ayo vakaurayiwa. Uyewo, kwaiva vanorega rokuwedzera Russian mamiriro kuMabvazuva. Zvakabuda hondo vaiva undisputed uchapupu yakanga simba saka youmambo negwaro. Iri raiva rimwe chikuru nezvigadziko echimurenga chiito muna 1905-1907.

An chikonzero chinokosha pokukundwa Russia muhondo 1904-1905.

1. Kuvapo nedzenyu voga yeRussian Empire.
2. Mhedziso kusada nyika nemauto kuita kurwisana mabasa munguva dzakaoma.
3. Rikararama nekunyengera wekuongorora yenyika uye mediocre vakawanda vemauto Russian.
4. Yakakwirira pamwero kukura uye unoda zvechiuto uye zvoupfumi mabhora ose Japan.

Kuril zvisingagadziriswi nyaya isati nguva yedu ndiyo ngozi zvikuru. Mushure Second World War uye haana akasaina runyararo chibvumirano pamusoro ahwo. Kubva gakava ichi vanhu Russian sezvo vanhu pamusoro Kuril Islands, vane zvachose zvisingabatsiri. Uyezve, mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvinoita kuti chizvarwa utsinye pakati penyika mbiri. Yaiva mangwanani mhinduro yacho nedzenyu nyaya, dambudziko racho Kuril Islands, ndiko kuti zvakanaka vavakidzani hukama pakati Russia uye Japan.