Ndianiko zvipenyu? Kuti inoongorora sayenzi zvipenyu?

Bhayorojisiti anozviti mudzidzisi chirango muchikoro, imwe nyanzvi mune kuvabereki tsvakurudzo, iri botanical mubindu kana Zoo mushandi. Saka pashure zvose, ndiye zvipenyu? Chii chinonzi basa ichi? Ndiani ane kodzero kuva zvipenyu? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi - iyi kudzidza duku.

Biology - sayenzi

Science, iyo chokuita kudzidza zvose zvipenyu zvose panyika, kubvira nemaziso noutachiona, nokugumisa vasiri dzinotsanagura upenyu hwevanhu.

Homo sapiens pezvakaitwa zvinokosha, zvakafanana uye kusiyana kurarama siyana, kusiyana nzvimbo miti nemhuka kare achifarira. Zvisinei, panguva Dark Ages kuti zvakare pachena kufarira kudzidza zvaibvira kuenda moto. Chimwe chinhu - the Renaissance. Art uye sayenzi ipapo vakatanga shoma, unotorwa chikoro yose nesayenzi, uye vokutanga dzinongoitika nesayenzi miziyamu.

Ndiani zvipenyu kare? Zvinogona kuva murapi uye N'anga uye alchemist uye muvambi wokutanga menagerie. Shoko rokuti "zvipenyu sayenzi" akazviratidza chete muzana remakore rechi19, apo kukabatanidzwa kunyika imwe zvose kuti chokuita nokudzidza zvipenyu okurarama paNyika ( "bio" - Life, "Logos" - science).

mirayiridzo bhayoroji

Biology - sayenzi upenyu. Izvi pano ari generalized pfungwa. Zvichienderana dzakananga nyaya nyaya kwadzo mumwe sayenzi zvoutachiona :

• Zoologie - kudzidza mhuka nyika.
• Bhotani - kusora nyika zvinomera.
• Physiology uye Anatomy - sayenzi pezvakaitwa upenyu uye maumbirwo womunhu muviri.
• Zvidukuduku uye virology. Nyaya yavo yokudzidza anogona kuonekwa bedzi nemaikorosikopu.
• Morphology - inodzidza marongerwo uye chimiro kurarama mhuka.

Zvadaro, mukuru mirayiridzo iri zvishoma nezvishoma akakamurwa dzakagadzirirwa maduku uye specialization, izvo sezvo sayenzi anova zvakanyanya. Parizvino, kune vanopfuura makumi manomwe munzvimbo zvipenyu. Ocean Biology, Anthropology, sero zvipenyu, neurobiology, zvakatipoteredza - izvi zvinongova vamwe vavo. Basa bhayorojisiti kunounza vose vamiririri specializations siyana uye dzine chokuita nesayenzi oga.

Kutaurirana nevamwe sayenzi

Panguva kukura nyika zvesainzi, nemhaka kupinda masayendisiti ari zvakadzika kunzvimbo zivo, kubatana kwakadzama nevamwe anoranga zvipenyu. Ndiani zvipenyu munyika nhasi? Mukuwedzera zvetsika zvemhuka uye bhotani, ari biophysicist, zvipenyu uye nyanzvi biometrics, nzvimbo zvipenyu, zvipenyu, basa, bionics. Modern zvipenyu zvinogona kufanana kuti injiniya akanaka, mumwe chiremba, kana yemasvomhu.

Chii chinoita zvipenyu?

zvose zvakawanda kana zvishoma pachena pamwe dzidziso. Asi ndianiko zvipenyu uchidzidzira? Where kubasa rake? Mhinduro zvakawanda uye zvikuru sezvo pamazita specializations zvipenyu. Zvose zvinoenderana mirayiridzo. Graduate, kudzidza kuMudzidzisi dhipatimendi kuyunivhesiti, anogona kuva mudzidzisi pa sangano dzisiri dzidzo, uye murambe ukama hwake nesayenzi uye kuzvipira kwake upenyu kudzidza nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu. Zoologists vari kubudirira tichishanda mhuka dzinochengetwa mhuka, Botanical mu greenhouses uye botanical nemapindu. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu Breeders ushande nokugadzirwa zvirimwa matsva akasiyana-siyana. Virologists kudzidza tusingaoneki akwegura uye itsva uye migumisiro zvavo panyika zvakatipoteredza, dzezvakatipoteredza vakatarisa kuti Mhoteredzo yakachena. In yakakwirira kudiwa munyika yanhasi, zvipenyu ane kuumbwa itsva - genetics, neuroscience, nzvimbo zvipenyu, bioenergy. bhayorojisiti angava murapi wemhuka, agronomist, nzvimbo mugadziri, chiremba-rabhoritari mubatsiri.

The chikuru unhu nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu

Kunobudirira basa bhayorojisiti aizova vaya vanonzwa chikamu risingazivikanwi nyika yacho zvipenyu vanofarira uchikurukura zvakasikwa, kudzidza zvakatipoteredza.

Love zvakasikwa inova chikuru, kana zvipenyu anoitisa mwedzi refu vanofambira uye nzendo kuongorora vatsva mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Kutsungirira uye Analytical pfungwa inodiwa vashandi pamusoro mumarabhoritari, ongororo nzvimbo.

Zvichienderana specialization zvipenyu angada ukama hwakanaka wefizikisi, nezvenyeredzi, hurongwa, kemisitiri sayenzi vamwe.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira of basa

Nokuti vaya vanoda zvose upenyu zvose kuonekwa, kupedzera hwake Biology - iri ndinoiitawo hwakasimba. Hapana chinoita kuti munhu afare vavo kufarira basa. Bhayorojisiti basa, zvinosuruvarisa hakusi zvakakwana kuongororwa hwemari mashoko - chinhu kubvisa. Kuti pasi mari zvakatungamirira kuti chokwadi kuti zvinofadza basa vazhinji akapinda muchikwata che vasingadzikurudzire. Vaya vakasarudza asi kutsaurira upenyu hwake uye uende zvakaoma kuti chinangwa, kakawanda vanyori zvinhu zvitsva yesayenzi uye nezvekufadza.

Biology itsva mirayiridzo kutsvakurudza mumunda genetics, zvidukuduku, biotechnologies itsva, rakava wechipiri munyika ndandanda vaizotibata ounyanzvi hwokugadzira. Kunyanya manyawi vanachiremba akadaro Canada, United States, nyika dzokuMadokero, izvo zviri kuita pokumuka michina mitsva.

vakakurumbira zvipenyu

Achitaura zvipenyu sechinhu sainzi, zvinokosha kutaura pamusoro vanhu vane mazita anozivikanwa pasi rose. Zvavakawana vakabatsira zvikuru kuti kukura revanhu rose.

• Vavilov Nikolay (Russian) - genetics mune agronomy, muvambi dzidziso chirimwa kutapata.
• Vladimir Vernadsky (Russia) - muvambi wokuUkraine Academy of Sciences, akadzidza biosphere akanga achitungamirira kukura nemakemikari omuviri uye biophysics.
• Uilyam Garvey (United Kingdom) - mudare chiremba wamambo, uyo wokutanga tsvakurudzo uye akatsanangura kweropa maitiro uye mwoyo uye ropa midziyo mumuviri womunhu.
• Charles Darwin (England) - iri zvakasikwa huru akasika kupatsanura ezvinhu zvinomera.
• Antoni Van Levenguk (Netherlands) - zvakasikwa uyo akasika maikorosikopu, izvo akabvumira kuita kudzidza zvipenyu zviri zvisingaoneki kuvanhu ziso pamberi.

Kuwedzera kwavari, vakakudza sainzi vokuRussia Ilya Mechnikov, Kliment Timiryazev, Louis Pasteur, Karl Linney, Ruslan Medzhitov nezvimwe zvakasikwa zhinji, masayendisiti.