Munyori German Paul Hindemith: Biography, upenyu, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Paul Hindemith (Paul Hindemith) chakabereka musoro zvikuru chipo uye unyanzvi musicians German. Iye sowakajeka ndairidza zviridzwa zvinoverengeka, yaiitisa uye akanyora kamuri uye symphonic music, akanyora choral mabasa akawanda uye akashanda pamusoro dhanzi. MuGermany, aiva innovator, nekuti aitenda kuti mumhanzi Hachifaniri chete matarenda manotsi akapeta pakati rwiyo, asiwo mhando bhatiri kuti pashure anoteerera anogona kuva rudzi tsika simba.

Munyika yose mimhanzi garde German

Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, Paul Hindemith (Biography pfupi chichakurukurwa munyaya ino) kwainzi chains-garde. Iye zvachose akasiya fashoni panguva munyika mimhanzi dodecaphony. mumhanzi yake yakanga kusiyana chinhu zvakanyorwa kare. Tichivenga Goebbels akabvuma chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vanyori German, asi kuziva ichi hazvirevi kurwadzisa hukama pakati Paul Hindemith uye yevaNazi zvakapambwa muromo. Unyanzvi muimbi uye munyori akamanikidzwa kusiya nyika yake yaakaberekerwa. In muutapwa, akanyora mabasa akawanda nziyo aesthetics kuti vaimbi ano uye musicologists vachiri kushingaira kushandiswa pabasa uye kurovedza. Akanga akanyorwa mumhanzi rakarambidzwa nevaNazi, zvino akanyoresa muchikwata che Classics ano. Gare gare munyaya ino isu ichakurukurwa Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, Paul Hindemith uye inobudisa mabasa zvakanyorwa naye.

Brief ruzivo pamusoro nzvimbo yaizoberekerwa, vabereki uye mhuri muimbi

Paul Hindemith, vane mabasa vanozivikanwa munyika yose, akaberekwa pedo muFrankfurt, mutaundi duku Hanau am Main. Musoro wemhuri waiva hwezuva mhizha German - Carl Hindemith. Pakutanga zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, uyo kubva mukomana aigona nhaka Zvaifadza tarenda uye wakavimbika nzeve mimhanzi. Asi zvinozivikanwa kuti baba vake, Karl Hindemit, ari munhuwo rokupenda, aifarira kutamba pamusoro tsintre uye akanga chaizvo akanaka muimbi amateurs. Ungangove, chii iye akaisa mwanakomana wake rudo uri zvavo, kusanganisira mumhanzi.

Musical tarenda uye kurovedza ramangwana shasha

tarenda mukomana rinoratidzwa pacharo mangwanani zvakakwana. Kubvira pauduku, ainge adzidziswa kufarira kukuru uye vakadzidza kuridza ngoma, piyano, gitare uye Viola. Musical education akagamuchira kuFrankfurt am Main, akapinda Conservatory. Ikoko, Pauro akadzidza kuridza gitare uye akadzidza kudzidza makwara.

Pakafa baba vake pamberi uye mubasa wehondo Paul

Muna 1915, Karl - baba Paul - akafa muhondo. Germany rinobatanidzwa muHondo Yenyika I, uye mamiriro ezvinhu emari mhuri dzakawanda German murombo. Munyori uye muimbi mhuri hapana anosara. Mother Mary akasiyiwa chirikadzi ine vana vatatu, uye Pauro akanga achitsvaka basa rakanaka mari, kubatsira neimwe nzira yake. Panguva iyi, akanga rombo kuwana basa concertmaster of Frankfurt Opera. Muitisi weChidzidzo mumhanzi paiva Ludwig Rottenberg. Interesting ndechokuti mwanasikana wake akazoroorwa Paul Hindemith.

Accompanist panguva dhanzi imba vakakwanisa kushanda kusvika 1917. Izvi zvinoteverwa kuhondo. Pane izvi jaya unyanzvi Chokwadi, haana kurega okusika basa. Akanga vakabvuma kumutungamiriri bhendi ave muridzi wengoma, chavawo nhengo tambo quartet. Muna 1918, iye akaita iri basa yokutanga gitare quartet. Ndapedza rechiuto, Paul anodzoka muFrankfurt Opera House, kwaaishanda kusvikira 1923 accompanist.

Nokusvika quartet Lykke Amara

Mukutanga 20-ies mumimhanzi munharaunda muGermany, Paul Hindemith akanga atova aizivikanwa unyanzvi Munyori, violinist uye violist. Kushanda panguva muFrankfurt Opera, akaita kwete chete basa accompanist. In dzakafanana, kuti muimbi airidza basa rechipiri fiddle kuti chikwata A. Rebnera. Ndadzoka kubva kuhondo, Hindemith akasarudza kuridza chikwata ichi, kuti Viola.

Nokufamba kwenguva, zvokuridza kutongoravira chipangamazano wake Rebnera Paul vaiona zvakare kuchinja. Akashandura chikwata uye akava nhengo imwe quartet - inotungamirwa mukurumbira violinist Lykke Amara. The chikwata kwakatora kusvikira 1929, uye pasina mubvunzo, kwakabudirira zvikuru kwete chete pamusha, asi kure nemiganhu yayo. Zvatinosungirwa nayo basa Viola, Pauro aiva mukana wekushanyira chaizvo uye ona yakawanda nyika dzokuEurope.

Kukurumidza Kugadzirwa basa rinobudirira

Paul Hindemith - munyori, uyo anoshanda voruzhinji kutanga kunzwa muna 1922, muguta Salzburg, panguva World Music Days. Kubudirira nziyo yakanyorwa naye akanga pachena Zvisinei, uye aita vakawanda kukurukurwa. Muna 1923 akagadzwa kuti murongi Mutambo Contemporary Music, kwakaitika muguta rinonzi Donaueschingen. Paul akaramba akatendeka kuna avo zvaunofarira itsva mirayiridzo mimhanzi, uye kushingaira akasimudzira pamutambo mabasa chains-garde Vanyori. Alto repertoire panguva Concerts akaita pachake.

Muna 1927, Hindemith akapa dzidziso sezvamunoita panguva Berlin Hochschule für Musik, uye iye anogamuchira nayo. Mashomanana akatevera vakanga kwazvo kubudirira kwake basa. Kunze kudzidzisa, Pauro ari kushanda kungoramba uri iwe basa uye vakatenderera somunhu violist. Concerts rake kubudirira akanga atiza iri US, rinopa zvesimba munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Ijipiti uye Turkey.

Symbol of zvakaoma ukama pakati yevaNazi hurumende uye vanhu okusika muGermany

Mumakore 30 vakauya simba mubato reNazi, ukama uyo pamwe muimbi uye munyori akawedzera zvakaoma. Chimwe chikonzero chokuva mukadzi Paul - Gertrude Rotenberg, yaakanga muna 1924 akapinda chakarongwa muchato. Chokwadi kuti, maererano nemitemo zvechitendero, haisi vaiona muJudha, vaNazi haana kukosha. Baba-muimbi Ludwig Rothenberg aiva muJudha, uye kuti akanga zvakakwana. Kufanana zhinji vanhu okusika, Paul Hindemith (vane Biography taona) vaiona pachake zvachose apolitical munhu. Iye pachena akataura zvavo vechiJudha navo, vanyori uye vaimbi, kuita hapana kusara ari National chikonzero. Chokwadi, Nazi Party haana kufara nazvo, asi mukutanga 30-ies kwehurukuro nevaJudha haana kukwana kudzivisa kusikwa musicians. Zvinonzi saka zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuonekwa kutaura kune chaizvo basa iri.

Nazi nemafungiro mabasa Pauro akanga unochinja uye zvakawanda. Pakutanga kunyange kurumbidzwa. Muna 1934, Goebbels pachake anodana Hindemith kwakaita mumwe anokosha uye unyanzvi Vanyori German panguva. Vamwe nguva kunyange Paul akanga pasi mhando patronage nevaNazi. mabasa ake kunge anakidzwa zvimwe vamiririri German. Vakaitawo basa guru munyika mukurumbira munyori ichi uye muimbi kuti haana kubvumira vaNazi kuchiparadza.

nzvimbo Hindemith akanga chaizvoizvo zvakaoma, uye kuchengeteka zvikonzero, akaratidza vakuru kuda kwayo kuwirirana. Munguva pfupi, Pauro anotanga kuratidza ari nziyo itsva yake chavanopinda German uye maonero. Nemabasa itsva anoteerera zvakawanda German ngano, akanyora paku mabasa vari rudzi coherent uye zvakajeka netsika (mifananidzo zvekuratidzira German). Kwekanguva akagara munyika achiri akadzikama, asi ushamwari nevaJudha uye maonero Hindemith kuti muri vanhu vanofanira kurega zvachose uye akazvimirira, havana kukumbira kuti ideologues yacho Third Reich.

Open kunetsana pamwe vamiririri German

Paul Hindemith, navarongo mabasa vanoyemurwa munyika dzakawanda, pamba inowira pachena kunyadziswa. Apogee yokuvanda nokurwisana kuitika muna 1934. Goering pamutemo unorambidza kugadzirira kuratidzwa kwe Hindemith kuti dhanzi rinonzi "Mathis Der Māler". Mune rimwe kutaura ake, J. Gebels munyori zita-kudana "atonal Foley, mutsindo mugadziri". Vatsoropodzi Nazi dana basa rake "vakaderera unyanzvi". Under tsika kumanikidzwa Hindemith hunomira kushanda panguva Berlin chikoro, achitora nguva kure kuti isingazivikanwi nguva.

Chekubva vachidzokera Turkey "pa basa" Hitler

In iyi yakaoma, Pauro akapiwa mukana kubva Mustafa Ataturk - Turkish enyika uye muvandudzi - vanoshanyira Ankara uye kubatsira kuva chirongwa nokuda nokubatanidzwazve zvenziyo dzidzo kuTurkey. Vakaroorana Hindemith kubvumirana pfungwa uye kwechinguva siya Germany. Paul warega dzayo basa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mupiro mukuru kusikwa zvakasikwa purogiramu yedzidzo mumhanzi, iyo yaishandiswa Turkish dzidzo zvose mumhanzi. Akaisa yakawanda nesimba wokutanga nziyo Conservatory yakavhurwa Ankara. Pasinei nokuti Turkish wenziyo uye muimbi aifarira kuremekedza zvikuru kusiyana zhinji vatama vakatiza Germany panguva, uye mudzimai wake, ivo nokukurumidza akasarudza kudzokera kumusha.

Vadzokera Pauro zvakare kuita zvakawanda kutsauswa nezviremera German. Muna 1936, iye anopika muteveri Hitler. Munyori composes rwiyo kunozivikanwa Luftwaffe, mabasa ake azere motifs "German" kutanga kuitwa mu konzati dzimba dzose pamusoro Germany. Asi ichi "rugare" pamwe vaNazi havana kutora nguva refu. MuGermany inotanga pachena tinorwisana panguva mumhanzi zvekunyanyisa. VokuGermany achiati "vakaderera." Paul anoshandira (kunze kwenguva shoma) kuwa pasi tsanangudzo iyi uye, pakupedzisira, avo chokupedzisira chokupika yokurambidzwa zvavakatemerwa muGermany.

Uyezve, nyika kusimbisa matanho Anti-Jewish. Hindemith anotanga zvakakomba kutya nokuti kuchengeteka wake, iyo nguva nenguva akatyisidzirwa chisimba. Kuziva kuti basa rake harina nzvimbo kuGermany, munyori, violinist uye violist Hindemit Paul anoita chisarudzo chokupedzisira kubuda munyika.

Chekubva kudzoka kubva kuGermany muna yepashure pehondo

Muna 1938, Paul kuSwitzerland, uye 2 pemakore vakatama nomudzimai wake kuUnited States. In America, akakokwa kutsoropodza panguva nomukurumbira mumayunivhesiti akadai Yale uye Harvard. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Hindemith aigona kupiwa mhosva kare kuedza ari pamwe chete nevaNazi muna America mabasa ake akanga akaita uye aiva nokubudirira atiza. Akanzi munyika kunze German Music yaitonga nokuti yakanga isina neNazi. Yaiva nguva dzokugara muUnited States uye akawira yepamusoro ake basa. Muna 1946, akagamuchira US chizvarwa, asi makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1953, vakatamira Zurich. Ikoko anotungamirira hurukuro pane imwe yunivhesiti omunharaunda uye kuitisa mumhanzi, achiita basa rake.

Ndakati akaonekana navo kuti upenyu kuti munhu shasha ichiri kumba muGermany. Akadzokera muFrankfurt, apo akafa muna 1963 kubva kurwisa pfungwa nomuviri zvemwana asati.

Kosha rira nhaka Hindemith

Paul Hindemith chaizivikanwa chiremera mumhanzi theorist, muimbi, mudzidzisi, kondakita. Murume uyu akasiya akawandisa mabasa siyana marimba Genres, iye zvakanyorwa zhinji mabasa nokuda kwaya, kunyora mukamuri mumhanzi nhumbi dzakasiyana-siyana, anoshandira kutamba, kwaya uye, chokwadi, nokuti dhanzi.

Opera - rinokosha upenyu uye basa Paul Hindemith

A guru chikamu chenhaka kuti Pauro akabva kune zvizvarwa zvavo anoumba dhanzi. The vatsoropodzi uye musicologists vanodavira kuti zviri mavari vakaratidza zvakajeka maonero Munyori uye muimbi, kunzwisisa uye Mapping kuti panguva chokwadi uye tsika uye zvetsika zvine chinzvimbo, zvichiteverwa munyori. Inguva dhanzi Paul Hindemith aishanda kusvikira okupedzisira oupenyu hwake. Munyori German akanyora nziyo zhinji vakabudirira uye aizivikanwa zvose pamusoro operas nyika, pakati iyo:

• "Mathis Der Māler".
• "Harmony of World."
• "NLSH-Nushi".
• "The mhondi - vakadzi tariro."
• "Cardillac".
• "Daily News".
• "The Long Christmas Dinner".
• "Musande Susanna."