Prokaryotes uye eukaryotes, kusiyana uye zvakafanana

All zvipenyu zviri rakakamurwa pre-cellular uye cellular. By precellular zvinosanganisira utachiona uye phages. Boka rechipiri, sero rakakamurwa prokaryotes uye eukaryotes, izvo prenuclear uye zvenyukireya zvinenge.

prokaryotes

Sero rokutanga, prokaryotes akasimuka Pasi anopfuura mabhiriyoni 3 years ago. Raiva achikwakuka kukuru mberi mune shanduka roupenyu. Prokaryotes muri mabhakitiriya. Mamiriro avo huri nyore. Genetic ruzivo, DNA iri yavo chinyakare ine zvishoma mapuroteni serin'i chromosome. Riri munzvimbo ine chikamu cytoplasm, nucleoid, haina vakaparadzaniswa navamwe muchitokisi membrane. Main kusiyana prokaryotes uye eukaryotes kubva mumwe, ndechokuti masero okutanga mhando neerekitironi haamo.

Prenuclear ari cytoplasm masero iduku zvikuru muchitokisi zvivako. Ava kuzivikanwa ribosome diki zvichienzaniswa ribosomes eukarioidnyh masero. Basa mitochondria mu prokaryotes ndezvaJehovha nyore nemamiriro membrane. Hariwanikwi mavari uye chloroplast. Prokaryotes ndivo plasma Kamudzira, riri pasi muchitokisi membrane. Vakasiyana eukaryotes dzinokwanisa razmerami.V duku zvimwe zviitiko prokaryotes zvinogona kunzi plasmid - zvishoma, sezvo chindori DNA.

eukaryotes

masero All nucleated zvisingapindirani zvinonyatsorehwa plan marongerwo uye zvakafanana mavambo. Ivo vakabuda masero prenuclear 1,2 bhiriyoni. Makore akapfuura. Chimiro chavo zvakawanda kuoma. Uye prokaryotes uye eukaryotes vari muchitokisi membrane. Asi vamwe vavo STRUCTURAL uye nokukanganisika zvinhu zvakasiyana muzvinhu zvakawanda. Anokosha musiyano - kuti masero nucleated ane neerekitironi wechokwadi kuti ruzivo rwavo majini inochengeterwa.

Kernel cytoplasm delimited ne chaiwo Kamudzira, zvinosanganisira dzokunze uye yomukati akaturikidzana. Zvakafanana plasma Kamudzira, asi rine pores. Nemhaka vari vakatsinhanisa pakati cytoplasm uye mwoyo. Gene Masero rine yakatarwa okutodza, prokaryotes izvi uye eukaryotes tiri vakasiyana mumwe. DNA iri okutodza pamusoro eukaryotes inobatanidzwa histone mapurotini.

Ari muchitokisi musimboti vari nucleoli, izvo achiumbwa ribosomes. Structureless uremu karyoplasm runopoteredza okutodza uye nucleoli. mhuka yose uye chirimwa ndiyo yaingowanikwa pfungwa dzake, kuva yakajeka okutodza. In kuparadzanise masero, vari kaviri zvozopiwa mwanasikana masero

Kana isu funga prokaryotes uye eukaryotes, kusiyana pakati pavo unogona kuonekwa cytoplasm nemasero.

Nokuti chirimwa Masero yo kuvapo hombe nechepakati vacuole uye plastids. Izvi vacuole anogona kusundira chinoumba kuti arikunze muchitokisi. Zvinovaka kuchengeterwa carbohydrate ane muti sero - starch. Kunze chirimwa masero zvinenge zvakazara muchitokisi parusvingo, rinoumbwa cellulose. Pakati sero haisi centrioles, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa chete algae.

Masero Animal handina nechepakati vacuole, plastids uye gobvu muchitokisi rusvingo. Pane centriole muchitokisi centre. Reserve carbohydrate mumasero mhuka - glycogen.

Masero centriole notumwe hapasi kuitika. Sero rusvingo anoumbwa chitin, ari cytoplasm, plastids kwete, asi pane musimboti vacuole muchitokisi centre. Reserve makabhohaidhiretsi mavari - zvakare glycogen.

Mune cytoplasm pamusoro eukaryotes vari mitochondria, Golgi midziyo, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, organelle kufamba. Ribosomes vari yakakura zvikuru kupfuura prokaryotic ribosomes. The cytoplasm masero rakakamurwa vakaparadzana nezvikamu, nezvikamu achishandisa dzinokosha membranes rinoumbwa lipids. In nomumwe wavo mberi nokukanganisika kwendangariro dzavo. Zvaiita hariwaniki prokaryotes.

Kazhinji, prokaryotes uye eukaryotes kutaura mitemo shanduka, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kufamba kubva nyore kune dzimwe dzakaoma siyana.

Zvisinei prenuclear masero vaine mukana wokushandiswa kukuru uye zvakasiyana-siyana metabolic kwendangariro. utachiona zhinji vanogona kugamuchira simba kubva chiedza, kana nemakemikari kuripo mumhuri isina okisijeni (anaerobic utachiona). Nokuda kwaizvozvi muchinangwa mufananidzo mazuva ano.