Default munyika. Zvinokonzera nemigumisiro

Havasi vose vanoziva munhu default kuti akadaro. In nyore pfungwa iyi inorondedzerwa dzakakurumbira wokudhinda. Shoko iri kwakafanana kusauka. Asi kazhinji muenzaniso kuti tsanangudzo iyi mashoma, nekuti pfungwa insolvency ane rakatetepa dudziro. Funga zvakare kuti default yakadaro. In nyore tinoedza kutsanangura musimboti pfungwa.

Official mazwi

Vakawanda kushanda mumunda rezvemari, ziva zvazvinoreva default. Pasi tsanangudzo iyi, zvinonzwisiswa kutyora muripo kuzvipira kwakaitwa akakwereta womunhu anomukweretesa. Kutaura zvazviri, kutadza ichi kuita yakakodzera mutsividzo muzvikwereti kana mamwe mashoko chesungano. Broadly default - ndiko chero vasiri chikwereti mitoro. In tsika, nhete kududzirwa pfungwa. Vanhu simba, zvakanaka kufunga kuti zvinoreva default. In rakamanikana Mupfungwa, pasi pake kunzwisisa kukundikana yapakati kuzvidzora chikwata kubva zvikwereti zvavo.

Features Matanho

Siyana zviri default anogona kunzi, uchizvienzanisa kusauka. In zvinoitirwa insolvency yacho payer (chepamusoro kana private) mukweretesi anekodzero kusunga chikwereti zvinhu. Saka compensates kurasikirwa. Munyika dzakawanda, kusauka chichibatanidza centralized kwacho umo kugarwa zvose kutaura kune sauka kambani. Kupambwa kwenhumbi munyika iyi rinoitwa maererano murayiro wedare. Midziyo dzikarongwa pamwe chete uye vari kuumbwa mukanyiwa yemakwikwi vakazochinja richiparadzirwa pakati chikwereti kukoshesa yakatangwa mutemo. nzira iyi irege kushandiswa kana kunyika yakazivisa imwe default. Izvi imhaka yokuti kusungwa kuti chikwereti pfuma iyi ezvinhu zvisingaiti. In yakanaka zvakadaro, vakweretesi achakwanisa gwamba iri yesangano wenyika, vari kunze nenyika yaro, kusanganisira pfuma uye mari dzimwe nyaya.

kupatsanura

default hurumende chingava:

1. On kumabhanga.
2. On munataisireva mu National mari.
3. The zvikwereti dzimwe mari.

Default mamiriro nokukwereta mu National mari kwaziviswa zvishoma kazhinji pane ari dzimwe kwezvikwereti. Izvi imhaka yokuti hurumende inogona abhadhare mudzimba mitoro nyaya Banknotes matsva.

Musimboti kwacho

The mashandiro unounza default munyika inogona anomirirwa muchimiro kutenderera. Pakutanga danho, hurumende awana nyore kuwana dzakawanda zvinopa mari. Ivo, kunyanya, ndivo IMF, iyo Paris Club edzimba nemabhengi guru vokubhengi mu dzakabudirira. Monetary Fund nyanzvi dzinokurudzira yaida vakuru kuti kuvimbisa soro chikwereti mubereko prices. Saka vanogona kukwezva makambani. Tarisiro yakakwirira anodzoka zvechokwadi chinokwezva guta pasi pose chikwereti. Ndivo nyore kubvisa mari kunotsvaka kupfuura kunobatsira pfupi-rokuti inivhesitimendi. mari yavo ivo vanopedzisira kutenga kuchengetedzeka wakabudiswa inoti. In aizomupa yakawanda mari kazhinji kwenguva pfupi vanoita kuwana zvakanaka mugumisiro. Rinokurudzira national vepamusoro kuti iye akasarudza yakarurama okukura. Muzviitiko zvakawanda mune tsika, wandei mugove imwe guru asingadi kusvika upfumi chaihwo, uye iiswe voga nhoroondo vehurumende. Nokufamba kwenguva dzose chete muripo nguva inotanga. Panyaya iyi, hurumende, sezvo mutemo, anogona chete aoma kubhadhara munataisireva kubva yayo mari. Kuti aite muripo wakazara anofanira kurera mari mudzimai uye kumisika. imwe nyika shoma chete ndivo vanokwanisa mu izvi mamiriro pakudzikamisa kana kuderedza chikwereti chavo. Zvisinei, sezvo mutemo, chikwereti kwokunze iri kukura nokukurumidza.

chechipiri gumbo

Panguva zvoupfumi kukura, vanoita vari kuverenga pamusoro chaiye anopa nokuripira. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, Lenders vari kupa zvikwereti zvitsva kunyika. Asi panguva kuratidzwa kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika kana zvoupfumi rokutanga chairo, vanoita kuva zvishoma. The chikamu ari chikwereti inowedzerawo. Saizvozvowo, chikwereti pachayo kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, munhu default nyika - chete nyaya nguva.

rubatsiro rwemari

Emergency kuda IMF mari angaponeswa chete kwenguva pfupi nguva. Kuwedzera kune chaiko rubatsiro rwemari Monetary Fund anoita anoverengeka mabasa umo private guta rine mukana kutiza dambudziko nzvimbo. Lenders uyo akabvapo mari yavo nguva, vacharamba vari takunda, kunyange wakarondedzera nyika defaulted. Vanotarisira kuti purofiti pamusoro mubereko uye Resale muzvikwereti. Somugumisiro, chero zvazvingava, kuchauya nguva apo pasina investor anoda mari iri dambudziko wehurumende, kunyange panguva yakakwirira chaizvo prices. Nokuda kushaya mari refinance hurumende akamanikidzwa kuzivisa default.

kuderedza

It rinowanzoshandiswa pachinzvimbo kukundikana kuti mitoro. Yakadaro musimboti iri yemanyorero kushandiswa munyika makuru zvemukati basa. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi chipimo zvakafanana Default pamusoro zvikwereti mari yomunharaunda. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panguva iyo hurumende ndizvo ayo insolvency uye deredza.

Uchimutarira kuti fungidziro

Hurumende, kusiyana private kambani, hapana mashoko zvemari, izvo zvinogona vakaongorora. Munyika zvakafanira kuongorora mamiriro yose zvoupfumi. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa kuti nhamba munataisireva dzimwe uye nyika mari, kuwanda chikwereti kukosha kunze kwenyika gore negore. Zvakafanana zvinokosha micro zviratidzo zvakadai GDP uye goridhe reserves, mwero mitengo. Nokufamba yakadaro inokosha kuongorora nyaya kuvimbika Statistical mashoko ndechokuti chenjera pane ari kunyatsoongorora yemakambani chikwereti kushuma. Izvi zvinonyanya pachena segwapa muna States vane kukura uye iitike upfumi.

nzira ongororo

All nemhando tinyatsonzwisisa default fungidziro vakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri:

1. Actual - Nzira idzi kubvumira kukarukureta ane chinangwa chiyero maererano Statistical mashoko.
2. Nzira inobva musika mutengo kusungwa, migove kana nomukaka netsika uhwo vakatsunga kwazvakarerekera Kukoshesa uye ngozi shoma.

Actual Nhamba dziri dzaona Rating masangano. Maererano ngozi kuongororwa zvikaonekwa nokuda ndingangokuvara kurasikirwa angamuka kubva kune dzimwe makambani. The yakakwirira ari kureva nyika, rezasi mukana default. mazano akadaro kunokosha kune dzimwe chikwereti wokusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzvimbo inivhesitimendi.

Nhamba aina vhoriyamu kuti chikwereti chenyika

The kukarukureta pamusoro indekisi uyu anonzi imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira nzira ongororo. Chii chichava mukuru reshiyo ichi, nani nechikwereti kubhadhara mitoro. Pane zvakasiyana nekuomarara kunyatsoongorora ichi huwandu, asi sechinhu chinogamuchirika pamwero 20% kana kupfuura. Zvisinei, ichi nhamba nyanzvi havataurwi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. With avhareji 20% of mamiriro ndichavagarisa 5 makore kuita mitoro yose, achitumira ekisipoti zvakaoma kudzoka dzimwe kwezvikwereti. Asi sezvo kazhinji kacho inocherechedzwa nhoroondo mari edzimba makambani, hurumende vachamanikidzwa expropriate zvachose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ndichengetedze kunze kwenyika panguva imwe pamwero kwemakore mashanu ungangova. Uyewo, hurumende haisi kukwanisa chose titenge kununurwa, sezvo zvaizova ezvinhu dzimwe mukutsinhana uye imupota-ekisipoti kushandiswa.

bhajeti

ezvinhu ake zvakare zvikuru muna kuongorora munyika solvency. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi kufungwa nhamba kwemari zvinhu chitsama chikwereti. Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kuona sei yakawanda yayo bhajeti hurumende inogona kutumira basa mitoro pasina complicating ari socio-upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu. Sezvo mari mutero anoita se pamwero mukuru zvikuru, kufanotaura zvinhu vachafanira rokuongorora upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu uye kukura tarisiro. Shure kwaizvozvo zvakafanira kuongorora musiyano pakati vakawana kukosha uye chaiko uwandu mhosva pamusoro imwe basa kuzvipira nguva. Kana vachida chikwereti mutsividzo, hurumende kupedza mamwe nokukwereta.

Sei Default pamusoro mamiriro hupfumi nemauto?

Chiitiko munhu inokanganisa upfumi. Kana Russia, hakuna, pakutanga kwezvose, kukosha Ruble mitengo achawira zvikuru hama kune dzimwe mari. emakambani zhinji munyaya ichitenga vatorwa zvigadzirwa, vachamanikidzwa misa kana kumisa zvachose kushanda.

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti anotyisidzira Default Ukraine. Panguva ino iri kutorarama chaizvo mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda yayo. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo ndizvo EU rutsigiro, kusanganisira mari. Mhinduro yakarurama zvikuru wokuti chii Ukraine vanotyisidzira Default, nyanzvi dziri Rating masangano. Somuenzaniso, maererano Moody aiva Masvomhu, dambudziko muna 2000 haana kupfuura kunaka kuti makambani. Vanoongorora vanofungidzira kuti Eurobond prices, izvo akataura insolvency, mukati mwedzi mumwe pashure kukundikana kuti mitoro. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo Hryvnia defaults vanotarisirwa. Pasinei enyika uye zvoupfumi kusagadzikana mamiriro ezvinhu, hurumende iri kuedza kuzadzisa wazvipira.

Default nokuti vagari

Nezvokumutswa pakatanga zvirango pamusoro Russian Federation, vokuRussia vakawanda vari kutya, asingazivi chii kutora mungozi dambudziko. Sezvakataurwa kumusoro, Kurambwa nechitarisiko chikwereti basa pakutanga huchachinja mamiriro Ruble. Panyaya iyi, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kubvisa National mari uye kutenga kwaari chinhu chinokosha (musha midziyo yemagetsi, Real Estate). Zvose zvichava mushure default, anosakadza pamusoro bhajeti vemo. Unopinza vasanyanye Ruble Gengi vachamuka mutengo mutengi nhumbi. Mari iyi inogona kuramba chete kana kunyange kudukupiswa. Mushure default munhu mukuru pangozi yokurasikirwa mari mari. Experience haasi kunyanya zvakakodzera vaya Finance haina kuchengetwa pamusoro Ruble nyaya. Makambani mubasa kutenga nhumbi kunze, anogona kuva sauka, saka kuti vaizofanira kuramba tsvimbo. Vanhu vane denominated kuwanda vaongorori vakayambira kuti mari irambe zvikuru mari kana goridhe. Kunobatsira Real Estate kutengwa. Practice inoratidza kuti munguva dzenhamo mari redzimba ipfupi kanenge kaviri. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira nzira kuponesa mari yavo ichiri kunzi kuisa dzimwe mari (US dhora kana Euro). With nokutyisidzirwa kutanga pakadaro, hurumende anofanira kutora zvikuru matanho kudzikamisa socio-zvoupfumi.